Both Sagan and his sister agree that their father was not especially religious, but that their mother " definitely believed in God, and was active in the temple ... and served only Kosher meat ".

Carl Sagan, on the other hand, was believed to have based the main character in his novel Contact partly on Horowitz.

Sagan said he took this stance not because he thought astrology had any validity, but because he thought that the tone of the statement was authoritarian, and that dismissing astrology because there was no mechanism ( while " certainly a relevant point ") was not in itself convincing.

no: Carl Sagan

" As events transpired ," reported Carl Sagan, whose own interest in science was nevertheless sparked by the Fair's gadgetry, " almost no real science was tacked on to the Fair's exhibits, despite the scientists ' protests and their appeals to high principles.

Astronomer Carl Sagan has an Erdős number of no more than 4 via Steven J. Ostro and a Bacon number of 3, for a total of 7.

However, these views have been disputed by, among others, the late Carl Sagan, who speculated that any technologically advanced extraterrestrial civilization would be advanced ethically as well, and would not be aggressive, and that humanity would, due to the extraterrestrial civilization's technological prowess, reciprocate this non-aggression.

In contrast to simply increasing the maximum power level covered by the scale, Carl Sagan suggested adding another dimension: the information available to the civilization.

In a paper with Carl Sagan, Ostro noted that while the asteroid impact hazard is a long-term risk to any civilization, the risk associated with maintaining an active deflection program is higher, because it is just as easy to deflect an asteroid to impact Earth as to prevent it from doing so.

Aside from Eugene Onegin, Hofstadter has translated many other poems ( always respecting their formal constraints ), and two other novels ( in prose ): La Chamade ( That Mad Ache ) by French writer Françoise Sagan, and La Scoperta dell ' Alba ( The Discovery of Dawn ) by Walter Veltroni, the then head of the Partito Democratico in Italy.

The 2007 print version of the Britannica has 4, 411 contributors, many eminent in their fields, such as Nobel Laureate economist Milton Friedman, astronomer Carl Sagan, and surgeon Michael DeBakey.

As a consequence of this Altfed and Cimbala have argued that belief in Nuclear Winter has made Nuclear Warfare more plausible and not less, contrary to what Carl Sagan and others have argued, for Nuclear Winter inspired the technological imperative toward improved accuracy and weaponry.

In the SETI context, the name has been used for radio telescopes in fiction ( Arthur C. Clarke, " Imperial Earth "; Carl Sagan, " Contact "), was the name initially used for the NASA study ultimately known as " Cyclops ," and is the name given to an omnidirectional radio telescope design being developed at the Ohio State University.

Situated on the left bank of the River Seine, this central arrondissement which includes the historic districts of Saint-Germain-des-Prés ( surrounding the Abbey founded in the 6th century ) and Luxembourg ( surrounding the Palace and its Gardens ) has played a major role throughout Paris history and is well known for its café culture and the revolutionary intellectualism ( see: Existentialism, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir ) and literature ( see: Paul Éluard, Boris Vian, Albert Camus, Françoise Sagan ) it has hosted.

Sagan has been very critical of von Däniken:

It has been claimed that Sagan, having little time to complete the plaque, suspected that NASA would have rejected a more intricate drawing and therefore made a compromise just to be safe.

Carl Sagan has noted that the first reported association of the Dogon with the knowledge of Sirius as a binary star was in the 1940s, giving the Dogon ample opportunity to gain cosmological knowledge about Sirius and the solar system from more scientifically advanced, terrestrial societies whom they had come in contact with.

The anecdote has achieved the status of an urban legend on the Internet, as there are numerous versions in which the name of the scientist varies ( e. g., Arthur Stanley Eddington, Thomas Huxley, Linus Pauling, or Carl Sagan ) although the rest is the same.

In the book, Sagan states that if a new idea continues in existence after an examination of the propositions has revealed it to be false, it should then be acknowledged as a supposition.

Financial and leadership support over the life of the SETI Institute has included Carl Sagan, Bernard Oliver, David Packard, William Hewlett, Gordon Moore, Paul Allen, Nathan Myhrvold, Lewis Platt, and Greg Papadopoulos.

Bill Sagan ( Former CEO of EBP ) of Minnetonka, Minnesota bought the Bill Graham Presents archives and has organized hundreds of millions of dollars ' worth of merchandise and video / audio recordings of concerts collected by Graham.

The " not proven " verdict has been used in popular writing ( as by Carl Sagan ) as a metaphor for the operation of the scientific method, in which conclusions are never absolutely certain, but the most that can be said about a theory is what the preponderance of the evidence suggests.

In addition to literary criticism, Joshi has also edited books on atheism and social relations, including Documents of American Prejudice ( 1999 ), an annotated collection of American racist writings ; In Her Place ( 2006 ), which collects written examples of prejudice against women ; and Atheism: A Reader ( 2000 ), which collects atheistic writings by such people as Antony Flew, George Eliot, Bertrand Russell, Emma Goldman, Gore Vidal and Carl Sagan, among others.

This book has been translated in English as A Foray into the Worlds of Animals and Humans, with A Theory of Meaning by Jakob von Uexküll Translated by Joseph D. O ' Neil Introduction by Dorion Sagan ( UMinn Press, 2011 ).

Sagan has been steadily writing for Hollywood since 1992, crafting screenplays, teleplays, animation episodes and computer games.

Described by Time Magazine as " a cross between Carl Sagan and Madonna ", Dr. Fiorella Terenzi has studied opera and composition at Conservatory G. Verdi, Corsi Popolari Serali and taught mathematics and physics at Liceo Scientifico, Milan.

The phrase has been used as the title of several books, including the novels Salad Days by Francoise Sagan and by Charles Romalotti, the autobiography The Salad Days by Douglas Fairbanks Jr., and numerous cookbooks.

Carl Sagan has expressed skepticism about contactees and alien contact in general, remarking that aliens seem very happy to answer vague questions but when confronted with specific, technical questions they are silent:

In 1970 he started his own animation studio, PennFilm Studio AB situated in Hököpinge, and has, as of 2009, directed eight feature-length films and several shorts, including Sagan om Karl-Bertil Jonssons julafton which is shown on television every Christmas Eve in Sweden, Norway and Finland.

The house was designed in 1838 by Alexander Jackson Davis, and has been the home of former New York City mayor William Paulding, Jr., merchant George Merritt, and railroad tycoon Jay Gould, whose daughter Anna Gould, Duchess of Sagan, donated it to the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 1961.

The particles were never observed to rise above 6 km and when combined with scavenging by clouds gave the smoke a short residency time in the atmosphere and localized its effects ; Professor Carl Sagan of the Turco, Toon, Ackerman, Pollack, Sagan ( TTAPS ) study hypothesized in January 1991 that enough smoke from the fires " might get so high as to disrupt agriculture in much of South Asia ...." Sagan later conceded in his book The Demon-Haunted World that this prediction did not turn out to be correct: " it was pitch black at noon and temperatures dropped 4 °– 6 ° C over the Persian Gulf, but not much smoke reached stratospheric altitudes and Asia was spared.

In the PBS science program Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, Episode 9: " The Lives of the Stars ", astronomer and television personality Carl Sagan estimated that writing a googolplex in standard form ( i. e., " 10, 000, 000, 000 ...") would be physically impossible, since doing so would require more space than the known universe provides.

Sagan suggests that in antiquity a comet could have approached so close to Earth that the jets of gas streaming from it, bent by the comet's rotation, became visible, leading to the adoption of the swastika as a symbol across the world.

Sagan says the episode originally " didn't end quite so ' happy happy ;'" it had a more ambiguous ending.

Sagan gave a critique of Velikovsky's ideas ( the book version of Sagan's critique is much longer than that presented in the talk ; see below ).

Discussing the biological as well as astronomical issues of the subject, its unique format, alternating paragraphs written by Shklovsky and Sagan, demonstrated the deep mutual regard between the two and allowed them to express their views without compromise.

Most of the images used on the record ( reproduced in black and white ), together with information about its compilation, can be found in the 1978 book Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record by Carl Sagan, F. D.

Another example is its use by Carl Sagan in his 1980 book Cosmos, and his documentary series of the same name, to refer to a text where hypothetical extraterrestrial civilizations could store all of their information and knowledge.

Inscribed into the plaque was an information graphic intended as a kind of interstellar message in a bottle, designed by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake.

In a letter published in a follow-up edition of The Humanist, Sagan confirmed that he would have been willing to sign such a statement had it described and refuted the principal tenets of astrological belief.

In his later years as a writer and scientist, Sagan would often draw on his childhood memories to illustrate scientific points, as he did in his book, Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors.

As an adult, Sagan and his colleagues created similar time capsules, but ones that would be sent out into the galaxy.

According to biographer Ray Spangenburg, these early years as Sagan tried to understand the mysteries of the planets, became a " driving force in his life, a continual spark to his intellect, and a quest that would never be forgotten.

According to this argument, made by scientists such as Carl Sagan and Stephen Hawking, it would be improbable for life not to exist somewhere other than Earth.

Isaac Asimov described Minsky as one of only two people he would admit were more intelligent than he was, the other being Carl Sagan.

Skeptic Carl Sagan asked the Dalai Lama what would he do if a fundamental tenet of his religion ( reincarnation ) were definitively disproved by science.

Sagan imagined seeding the atmosphere of Venus with algae, which would convert water, nitrogen and carbon dioxide into organic compounds.

The resulting carbon, Sagan supposed, would be incinerated by the high surface temperatures of Venus, and thus be sequestered in the form of " graphite or some involatile form of carbon " on the planet's surface.

The Power Macintosh 7100's internal code name was " Carl Sagan ", the in-joke being that the mid-range PowerMac 7100 would make Apple " billions and billions.

Director Sagan would have preferred Gina Falckenberg who had done the role on stage in Berlin, but along with having played Manuela in Leipzig, Thiele had already played a young lesbian in Ferdinand Bruckner's stage play Die Kreatur ( The Creature ) and although twenty-three years old when filming began, she was considered to be more capable of portraying a fourteen-year-old.

In his rebuttal of Immanuel Velikovsky's Worlds in Collision, which made the same claim that the Earth's rotation could be stopped and then restarted, Carl Sagan noted that, " the energy required to brake the Earth is not enough to melt it, although it would result in a noticeable increase in temperature: The oceans would raised to the boiling point of water ... how does the Earth get started up again, rotating at approximately the same rate of spin?