When Louis Napoleon became Emperor, he made Sainte-Beuve professor of Latin poetry at the Collège de France, but anti-Imperialist students hissed him, and he resigned.

He was named professor of literature at Neuchâtel ( 1830 ), but before taking up the duties of his post made a visit to Paris, where he completed his education and became associated with Sainte-Beuve, especially from 1837 onwards.

From 1845 till 1860 ( when the magazine was merged in the Bibliothèque universelle ) Olivier and his wife wrote in the Revue suisse the Paris letter, which had been started by Sainte-Beuve in 1843, when Olivier became the owner of the periodical.

Moving to Paris in 1803, he became friendly not only with the like-minded Ducis, but also with the sceptical Cabanis ; and it was on this philosopher's advice that, in order to catch the public ear, he produced the romance of Lina, which Sainte-Beuve has characterized as a mingled echo of Florian and Werther.

After the death of his mother in 1838 he inherited the property of Maine-Giraud, near Angoulême, where it was said that he had withdrawn to his ' ivory tower ' ( an expression Sainte-Beuve coined with reference to Vigny ).

Sainte-Beuve has an interesting essay on Fontenelle, with several useful references, in the Causeries du lundi, vol.

This text, edited with notes by Paul Chéron, with the Boloeana of 1740, and an essay by Sainte-Beuve, was reprinted by Garnier frères ( 1860 ).

* Chateaubriand's works were edited in 20 volumes by Sainte-Beuve, with an introductory study of his own ( 1859 – 60 )

* Lettres du Maréchal de Saint Arnaud ( Paris, 1855 ; 2nd edition with memoire by Sainte-Beuve, 1858 ).

He is generally somewhat cold in his appreciation, but his literary taste is delicate and subtle ; and it was the opinion of Sainte-Beuve that the quality of his thought in his best moments will compare not unfavourably even with that of Voltaire.

In the opinion of Sainte-Beuve the prose of her letters ranks with that of Voltaire as the best of that classical epoch without excepting any even of the great writers.

According to Jules Amédée Barbey d ' Aurevilly, " Sainte-Beuve was a clever man with the temper of a turkey!

Marcel Proust took issue with this notion and refuted it in a set of essays, Contre Sainte-Beuve (" Against Sainte-Beuve ").

Sainte-Beuve has, with benevolent sarcasm, surnamed the author " the Rollin of French History ," and the praise and the blame implied in the comparison are both perfectly well deserved.

His literary criticism brought him into contact with Augustin Sainte-Beuve, for whom he obtained an invitation to lecture at Lausanne, which led to his famous work on Port-Royal.

See editions of his Œuvres ( 1848 ), with an admirable biography by Armand Carrel, which is reproduced in a later edition, with a supplementary criticism by Francisque Sarcey ( 1876 – 1877 ); also three notices by Sainte-Beuve in the Causeries du lundi and the Nouveaux Lundis.

As Sainte-Beuve points out, the comedies of Grévin show considerable affinity with the farces and sotics that preceded them.

She had a true talent for crafting maxims with a new and original turn: " It is often well thought ," writes the nineteenth-century critic Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, " but it is even better said.

More celebrated by reason of the liveliness and acuteness with which the manners of a little provincial town are described are her Lettres de Lausanne ( 1871 ), and her Lettres neuchâteloises ( 1784 ), particularly the second part of a story of the former, entitled Caliste, and published in 1788, for, according to Sainte-Beuve, it was a sort of foreshadowing of the more famous Coninne ( 1807 ) of Madame de Staël.

The first modern usage of " ivory tower " in the familiar sense of an unworldly dreamer can be found in a poem of 1837, " Pensées d ’ Août, à M. Villemain ", by Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, a French literary critic and author, who used the term " tour d ' ivoire " to describe the poetical attitude of Alfred de Vigny as contrasted with the more socially engaged Victor Hugo: " Et Vigny, plus secret, Comme en sa tour d ’ ivoire, avant midi rentrait ".

Her Lettres were edited by Voltaire ( 1787 ), by J. Ravenel, with a notice by Sainte-Beuve ( 1846 ) and by Eugene Asse ( 1873 ).

The poems are written in a wide variety of verse forms and show that Gautier attempts to imitate other, more established Romantic poets such as Sainte-Beuve, Alphonse de Lamartine, and Hugo, before Gautier eventually found his own way by becoming a critic of Romantic excesses.

A copy of this presented by Sainte-Beuve to Victor Hugo, and later in the possession of Maxime du Camp, has a place of its own in French literary history.

Curiously, when Sainte-Beuve was made a member of the French Academy in 1845, the ceremonial duty of giving the reception speech fell upon Hugo.

In 1828, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve praised Chénier as an heroic forerunner of the Romantic movement and a precursor of Victor Hugo.

Victor Hugo, Alfred de Musset and Sainte-Beuve all acknowledged their obligations to him.

His contributions to a local paper lead to recognition by Victor Hugo and Sainte-Beuve.

The list of his sitters includes Alexandre Dumas, Prosper Mérimée, Sir Walter Scott, Jacques-Louis David, Alfred de Musset, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Honoré de Balzac, Théodore Géricault, Victor Hugo, Marie Dorval, Alphonse de Lamartine, Alfred de Vigny, Jane Stirling and Franz Liszt.

Among Poltoratzky ’ s literary friends were Victor Hugo, Nikolay Karamzin, Charles Forbes René de Montalembert, Alexander Pushkin, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve and Vasiliy Zhukovsky.

Making an audacious change in its direction, Buloz took to the magazine to the pinnacle of French publishing by bringing in some of France's most celebrated literary talent: Sainte-Beuve, Victor Hugo, Alfred de Vigny, Alfred de Musset, George Sand, Balzac, Dumas père and eventually Octave Feuillet, Hippolyte Taine and Ernest Renan.

The critical work, however, first of Sainte-Beuve in his Tableau de la littérature francaise au 16ème siècle, and since of others, has established Ronsard pretty securely in his right place, a place which may be defined in a few sentences.

The latter work serves as the main text of two admirable Lundis of Sainte-Beuve ( September 1863 ), republished in the Nouveaux Lundis, vol.

Among his posthumous works was a Prophétie de Cazotte, which Sainte-Beuve pronounced his best work.

The second edition ( 1856 ), Mémoires de Fléchier sur les Grands-Jours d ' Auvergne en 1665, had a notice by Sainte-Beuve and an appendix by Pierre Adolphe Chéruel.

He seems himself to have had glimmerings of some such idea ; but he withheld his full approval from the new movement on two grounds: first, because the romantic school misused somewhat brutally the delicate organism of the French language ; and second, as he wrote to Sainte-Beuve in 1832, because they adopted the slogan of " Art for art ," and set no object of public usefulness before them as they wrote.

Obermann, which is to a great extent inspired by Rousseau, was edited and praised successively by Sainte-Beuve and by George Sand, and had a considerable influence both in France and England.

In the 12th satire, Sur l ' équivoque, he attacked the Jesuits in verses which Sainte-Beuve called a recapitulation of the Lettres provinciales of Pascal.

After several books of poetry and a couple of failed novels, Sainte-Beuve began to undertake literary research, of which the most important is Port-Royal.

No more striking proof of the general hostility can be given than his reception in 1776 at the Académie française, which Sainte-Beuve calls his " execution ".

Sainte-Beuve finds in Courier's own words, " peu de matière et beaucoup d ' art ", the secret and device of his talent, which gives his writings a value independent of the somewhat ephemeral subject-matter.

In virtue of this ardent, intense quality, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve and other of her critics place her letters in the limited category to which belong the Latin letters of Héloise and the Letters of a Portuguese Nun.

Sainte-Beuve introduced him to Courbet and he ordered a painting to add to his personal collection of erotic pictures, which already included ( The Turkish Bath ) from Ingres and another painting by Courbet, Les Dormeuses ( The Sleepers ), for which it is supposed that Hiffernan was one of the models.