The American sociologist Lewis A. Coser ( following the German philosopher and sociologist Max Scheler ) defines an apostate to be not just a person who experienced a dramatic change in conviction but “ a man who, even in his new state of belief, is spiritually living not primarily in the content of that faith, in the pursuit of goals appropriate to it, but only in the struggle against the old faith and for the sake of its negation.

Scheler has exercised a notable influence on Catholic circles to this day, including his student Stein and Pope John Paul II who wrote his Habilitation and many articles on Scheler's philosophy.

While his first marriage, to Amalie von Dewitz, had ended in divorce, Scheler married Märit Furtwängler in 1912, who was the sister of the noted conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler.

Scheler was the only scholar of rank of the then German intelligentsia who gave warning in public speeches delivered as early as 1927 of the dangers of the growing Nazi movement and Marxism.

Along with future collaborators like Walter Benjamin, Max Horkheimer, Ernst Bloch, Adorno was profoundly disillusioned by the ease with which Germany's intellectual and spiritual leaders — among them Max Weber, Max Scheler, Ernst Simmel, as well as his friend Siegfried Kracauer — came out in support of the war.

Husserl's view was based on aspects of the work of Franz Brentano and was developed further by philosophers such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Max Scheler, Edith Stein, Dietrich von Hildebrand and Emmanuel Levinas.

It was created in 1939 by Armin Scheler, under a New Deal commission from the Treasury Department.

Max Ferdinand Scheler ( August 22, 1874 – May 19, 1928 ) was a German philosopher known for his work in phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology.

Scheler developed further the philosophical method of the founder of phenomenology, Edmund Husserl, and was called by José Ortega y Gasset " the first man of the philosophical paradise.

Max Scheler was born in Munich, Germany, August 22, 1874, to a Lutheran father and an Orthodox Jewish mother.

At Munich, Husserl's own teacher Franz Brentano was still lecturing, and Scheler joined the Phenomenological Circle in Munich, centred around M. Beck, Th.

Scheler was never a student of Husserl's and overall, their relationship remained strained.

Scheler, in later years, was rather critical of the " master's " Logical Investigations ( 1900 / 01 ) and Ideas I ( 1913 ), and he also was to harbour reservations about Being and Time by Martin Heidegger.

During World War I ( 1914 – 1918 ), Scheler was initially drafted but later discharged because of astigmia of the eyes.

However, the subordination of the value of the individual person to this mind-set was sufficient reason for Max Scheler to denounce it and to outline and predict a whole new era of culture and values, which he called ' The World-Era of Adjustment '.

Scheler also advocated an international university to be set up in Switzerland and was at that time supportive of programs such as ' continuing education ' and of what he seems to have been the first to call a ' United States of Europe '.

When the editors of Geisteswissenschaften invited Scheler ( about 1913 / 14 ) to write on the then developing philosophical method of phenomenology, Scheler indicated a reservation concerning the task because he could only report his own viewpoint on phenomenology and there was no " phenomenological school " defined by universally accepted theses.

Scheler planned to publish his major work in Anthropology in 1929, but the completion of such project was interrupted by Scheler's premature death in 1928.

Jean Auguste Ulric Scheler ( 1819 – 1890 ) was a Belgian philologist.

His father, a German, was chaplain to King Leopold I of Belgium, and Jean Scheler, after studying at Bonn and Munich, became King's librarian, and professor at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles ( ULB ).

Part of the editor team of the journal Stimmen der Zeit in München ( 1922-1941 ), Przywara, a Jesuit, was strongly influenced by Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Newman, and the phenomenological philosophy of Edmund Husserl and Max Scheler.

He tried to contact individuals like Matthias Scheler and Urban Müller which was known to maintain Aminet, but to no avail.

Under the influence of this doctrine, and of Phenomenology, the Hungarian-born German sociologist Karl Mannheim ( 1893 – 1947 ) gave impetus to the growth of the sociology of knowledge with his Ideologie und Utopie ( 1929, translated and extended in 1936 as Ideology and Utopia ), although the term had been introduced five years earlier by the co-founder of the movement, the German philosopher, phenomenologist and social theorist Max Scheler ( 1874 – 1928 ), in Versuche zu einer Soziologie des Wissens ( 1924, Attempts at a Sociology of Knowledge ).

Scheler had first met Husserl at the Halle in 1902.

From 1910 to 1911, Scheler briefly lectured at the Philosophical Society of Göttingen, where he made and renewed acquaintances with Theodore Conrad, Hedwig Conrad-Martius ( an ontologist and Conrad's wife ), Moritz Geiger, Jean Hering, Roman Ingarden, Dietrich von Hildebrand, Husserl, Alexandre Koyré, and Adolf Reinach.

In 1927 at a conference in Darmstadt, near Frankfurt, arranged by Hermann Keyserling, Scheler delivered a lengthy lecture, entitled ' Man's Particular Place ' ( Die Sonderstellung des Menschen ), published later in much abbreviated form as Die Stellung des Menschen im Kosmos ' Man's Position in the Cosmos '.

* Photos of Max Scheler at web site of Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology

He studied at the Universities of Cologne, Bonn, and Freiburg, under Max Scheler, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger and Oskar Becker during his four years there.

Later, at the Lublin Catholic University he completed a doctorate in philosophy with a thesis on the " evaluation of the possibility of founding a Catholic ethic on the ethical system of Max Scheler ".

The specific term ' sociology of knowledge ' first came into widespread use in the 1920s, when a number of German-speaking sociologists, most notably Max Scheler, and Karl Mannheim, wrote extensively on it.

Such observations of Heidegger, along with a critique of Max Scheler, were put into a lecture Husserl gave to various Kant Societies in Frankfurt, Berlin, and Halle during 1931 entitled Phänomenologie und Anthropologie.

Max Scheler met Husserl in Halle in 1901 and found in his phenomenology a methodological breakthrough for his own philosophy.

Although Scheler later criticised Husserl's idealistic logical approach and proposed instead a " phenomenology of love ", he states that he remained " deeply indebted " to Husserl throughout his work.

" Yet Hartmann's connections were with Max Scheler and the Munich circle ; Husserl himself evidently did not consider him as a phenomenologist.

He appreciated Husserl, Scheler, and ( but with apprehension ) Heidegger.

He also read the works of Dilthey, Husserl, and Max Scheler.

Heidegger later claimed that his relationship with Husserl had already become strained after Husserl publicly " settled accounts " with Heidegger and Max Scheler in the early 1930s.

" In various ways, German Idealism after Kant, and major later figures such Nietzsche, Bergson, Husserl, Scheler, and Heidegger, remain pre-occupied with this problem of the justice of the metaphysical demands or urges of reason.

* Max Scheler ( 1874 – 1928 ) developed further the phenomenological method of Edmund Husserl and extended it to include also a reduction of the scientific method.

Among his valued intellectual sources were György Lukács, Oszkár Jászi, Georg Simmel, Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl, Karl Marx, Alfred and Max Weber, Max Scheler, and Wilhelm Dilthey.

" Scheler never agreed with Husserl that phenomenology is a method in the strict sense, but rather " an attitude of spiritual seeing ... something which otherwise remains hidden ...." Calling phenomenology a method fails to take seriously the phenomenological domain of original experience: the givenness of phenomenological facts ( essences or values as a priori ) " before they have been fixed by logic ," and prior to assuming a set of criteria or symbols, as is the case in the empirical and human sciences as well as other ( modern ) philosophies which tailor their methods to those of the sciences.

Max Scheler extended the phenomenological method to include a reduction of the scientific method too, thus questioning the idea of Husserl that phenomenological philosophy should be pursued as a rigorous science.

Notably, in 1912 the Munich phenomenologists Reinach, Pfänder, Max Scheler and Moritz Geiger founded the famous Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung, with Husserl as main editor.

Philosophically he was influenced by Henri Bergson and phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and Max Scheler.

Prior to the war, he had a great interest in philosophy, particularly the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and Max Scheler.