Bronze artefacts betray significant contacts with Scythian nomads, and finds of finer ceramic wares suggest contacts with Thrace and Black Sea Greek colonies.

" Thereupon the Scythian replied, " Then it is necessary for you, being at home, to make friends with me.

These cultures show a variety of influences: Pomeranian, Milograd, Scythian and Getic, with La Tene and Roman Danubian influences evident at their maturity ; making them more " Central European " in outlook ( i. e. similar to the Przeworsk culture ) rather than of the " forest-Venedic " or Carpic-Dacian types.

The replacement of the Roman saddle by variants on the Scythian model, with pommel and cantle, was also a significant factor as was the adoption of stirrups and the concomitant increase in stability of the rider's seat.

In Athens, a group of 300 Scythian slaves ( the, " rod-bearers ") was used to guard public meetings to keep order and for crowd control, and also assisted with dealing with criminals, handling prisoners, and making arrests.

Prokofiev's first major success breaking out of the composer-pianist mould was with his purely orchestral Scythian Suite, compiled from music originally composed for a ballet commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev of the Ballets Russes ; Diaghilev commissioned three further ballets from Prokofiev – Chout, Le pas d ' acier and The Prodigal Son – which at the time of their original production were all highly successful.

Seeking to fight with the Scythians, Darius's army chased the Scythian army deep into Scythian lands, where there were no cities to conquer and no supplies to forage.

The expansion of Scythian cultures stretching from the Hungarian plain and the Carpathians to the Chinese Kansu Corridor and linking Iran, and the Middle East with Northern India and the Punjab, undoubtedly played an important role in the development of the Silk Road.

Scythians shooting with the Composite bow | Scythian bow, Kerch ( antique Panticapeum ), Ukraine, 4th century BC

The mummy of a Scythian warrior, which is believed to be about 2, 500 years old, was a 30-to-40 year-old man with blond hair, and was found in the Altai, Mongolia ( see also Pazyryk burials ).

Archaeological remains of the Scythians include kurgan tombs ( ranging from simple exemplars to elaborate " Royal kurgans " containing the " Scythian triad " of weapons, horse-harness, and Scythian-style wild-animal art ), gold, silk, and animal sacrifices, in places also with suspected human sacrifices.

A site found in 1968 in Tillia tepe ( literally " The golden hill ") in northern Afghanistan ( former Bactria ) near Shebergan consisted of the graves of five women and one man with extremely rich jewelry, dated to around the 1st century BC, and generally thought to belong to Scythian tribes.

The Ziwiye hoard, a treasure of gold and silver metalwork and ivory found near the town of Sakiz south of Lake Urmia and dated to between 680 and 625 BC, includes objects with Scythian " animal style " features.

Scythian women wore long, loose robes, ornamented with metal plaques ( gold ).

In 2000, the touring exhibition ' Scythian Gold ' introduced the North American public to the objects made for Scythian nomads by Greek craftsmen north of the Black Sea, and buried with their Scythian owners under burial mounds on the flat plains of present-day Ukraine, most of them unearthed after 1980.

* Pericles, concerned for Athenian trade with Greek settlements to the East, and in order to counteract a new and possibly threatening Thracian – Scythian alliance, leads Athens ' fleet to Pontus on the Black Sea and establishes friendly relations with the Greek cities of the region.

According to Diodorus Siculus ( III. 55 ), Mopsus was a Thracian commander who had lived long before the Trojan War, and along with Sipylus the Scythian, had been driven into exile from Thrace by its king Lycurgus.

The name of the Scythian tribe Hauma-varga is related to the word, and probably connected with the ritual.

In Greek and Latin sources, Vitalian is sometimes labelled with the same ambiguous term " Scytha "; he is presented as commanding " Hunnic ", " Gothic ", " Scythian ", " Bessian " soldiers, but this information says more about the general's military endeavours, and bears little relevance to elucidating his origins.

Greek craftsmen from the colonies north of the Black Sea made spectacular Scythian-style gold ornaments ( see below ), applying Greek realism to depict Scythian motifs of lions, antlered reindeer, and gryphons.

As the Scythians came in contact with the Greeks, their artwork influenced Greek art, and was influenced by it ; also many pieces were made by Greek craftsmen for Scythian customers.

Earlier pieces reflected animal style traditions ; in the later period many pieces, especially in metal, were produced by Greek craftsmen who had adapted Greek styles to the tastes and subject-matter of the wealthy Scythian market, and probably often worked in Scythian territory.

Anacharsis the son of Gnurus, a Scythian chief, was half Greek and from a mixed Hellenistic culture, apparently in the region of the Cimmerian Bosporus.

In the 3rd century, however, the Greek historian Dio Cassius states that the " Bastarnae are properly classed as Scythians " and " members of the Scythian race ".

In publications of 1647 and 1654, Marcus van Boxhorn first described a rigid methodology for historical linguistic comparisons and proposed the existence of an Indo-European proto-language ( which he called " Scythian ") unrelated to Hebrew, but ancestral to Germanic, Greek, Romance, Persian, Sanskrit, Slavic, Celtic and Baltic languages.

Quilted leather open jackets and trousers were worn by Scythian horsemen before the 4th century BC, as can be seen on Scythian gold ornaments crafted by Greek goldsmiths.

The Parni, a nomadic Central Asian tribe, invaded Parthia in the middle of the 3rd century BCE, drove away its Greek satraps — who had just then proclaimed independence from the Seleucids — and annexed much of the Indus region, thus founding an Arsacids dynasty of Scythian or Bactrian origin.

The word cannabis is from Greek () ( see Latin ), which was originally Scythian or Thracian.

Much of the surviving information about the Scythians comes from the Greek historian Herodotus ( c. 440 BC ) in his Histories and Ovid in his poem of exile Epistulae ex Ponto, and archaeologically from the exquisite goldwork found in Scythian burial mounds in Ukraine and Southern Russia.

In it the names of Herodotus and the names of his title, except Saka, as well as many other words for " Scythian ," such as Assyrian Aškuz and Greek Skuthēs, descend from * skeud -, an ancient Indo-European root meaning " propel, shoot " ( cf.

The final development of Scythian culture was intimately linked to a variety of elements, including a Scytho-Siberian platform modified by Caucasian, Greek and Assyrian-Urartian influences.

In 2001, the discovery of an undisturbed royal Scythian burial-barrow illustrated for the first time Scythian animal-style gold that lacks the direct influence of Greek styles.

They still speak a language half Greek, half Scythian.

According to his friend and fellow-student, Cassiodorus, although by birth a " Scythian ", Dionysius was in character a true Roman and a thorough Catholic, most learned in both tongues ( by which he meant Greek and Latin ), and an accomplished Scripturist.

of the Coins of the Greek and Scythian Kings of Bactria and India ( Brit.

The hero, a young Scythian descended from the famous philosopher Anacharsis, is supposed to repair to Greece for instruction in his early youth, and after making the tour of her republics, colonies and islands, to return to his native country and write this book in his old age, after the Macedonian hero had overturned the Persian empire.

For centuries, the plant has grown wild along the banks of the River Volga, for which the ancient Scythian hydronym was Rhā.

The Cimmerian commoners buried the bodies along the river Tyras and fled from the Scythian advance, across the Caucasus and into Anatolia.

" Finally, in refining the island's location, he places it along the most northerly parallel of those he describes, writing in Book VI, Chapter 34 ,: " Last of all is the Scythian parallel, from the Rhiphean hills into Thule: wherein ( as we said ) it is day and night continually by turns ( for six months ).

According to Herodotus the Neuri were a tribe living beyond the Scythian cultivators, one of the nations along the course of the river Ὕπανις Hypanis ( Southern Bug River ), West of the Βορυσθένης Borysthenes ( Dniepr river ), roughly the area of modern Belarus and Eastern Poland.

According to Herodotus the Neuri ( Νευροί ) were a tribe living North of the Tyres, and the furthest nation beyond the Scythian farmers along the course of the river Hypanis.

), the Neuri ( Νέυροι ) were a tribe living beyond the Scythian cultivators, one of the nations along the course of the river Hypanis ( Bug river ), west of the Borysthenes ( Dniepr river ).

According to the 11th c. Lebor Gabála Érenn, the 14th c. Auraicept na n-Éces, and other Medieval Irish folklore, ogham was first invented soon after the fall of the Tower of Babel, along with the Gaelic language, by the legendary Scythian king, Fenius Farsa.

Diodorus Siculus ( III. 55 ) relates that, centuries before the Trojan war, king Lycurgus of Thrace exiled one of his commanders, Mopsus, along with Sipylus the Scythian.

One of them, close to the town, contained, along with other Scythian antiquities, the well-known precious vase representing the capture of wild horses.