Second, integral reinforcing steel gives modern concrete assemblies great strength in tension, whereas Roman concrete could depend only upon the strength of the concrete bonding to resist tension.

Most modern cannon are similar to those used in the Second World War, although the importance of the larger caliber weapons has declined with the development of missiles.

The arrest and ill-treatment of the envoy of Raja Raja Chola by the king of Kulasekhara dynasty ( Second Cheras ), which is now part of modern India, led to a naval war called Kandalur War in AD 994.

Through such people as Nikola Tesla, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Thomas Edison, Ottó Bláthy, Ányos Jedlik, Sir Charles Parsons, Joseph Swan, George Westinghouse, Ernst Werner von Siemens, Alexander Graham Bell and Lord Kelvin, electricity was turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution.

Second Council of the Vatican ( 1962 – 1965 ) addressed pastoral and disciplinary issues dealing with the Church and its relation to the modern world, including liturgy and ecumenism.

In the third season of what is now considered the modern era of football, Fulham finished top of the Second Division, with a win-loss-draw record of 24 – 9 – 9 ( identical to that which won them the Third Division South seventeen years previously ).

When The Second City opened its doors on December 16, 1959, directed by Paul Sill, his mother Viola Spolin began training new improvisers through a series of classes and exercises which became the cornerstone of modern improv training.

Jackson defeated Adams in 1828, and created the modern Democratic party thus inaugurating the Second Party System.

The origins of modern Jewish prayer were established during the period of the Tannaim, " from their traditions, later committed to writing, we learn that the generation of rabbis active at the time of the destruction of the Second Temple ( 70 C. E.

However, she recanted in accepting the Second Symphony, which has often been seen in modern times as one of his sunniest works.

The history of modern Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games ( MMORPGs ) like World of Warcraft, and related virtual world genres such as the social virtual worlds exemplified by Second Life, traces directly back to the MUD genre.

The first organized army of Afghanistan ( in the modern sense ) was established after the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1880 when the nation was ruled by Emir Abdur Rahman Khan.

This was followed by Cryptonomicon in 1999, a novel concerned with concepts ranging from computing and Alan Turing's research into codebreaking and cryptography during the Second World War at Bletchley Park, to a modern attempt to set up a data haven.

Before the Second World War, researchers in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, independently and in great secrecy, developed technologies that led to the modern version of radar.

The Second Vatican Council ( also known coloquially as Vatican II ) addressed relations between the Roman Catholic Church and the modern world.

Second, to analyze how societies could maintain their integrity and coherence in the modern era, when things such as shared religious and ethnic background could no longer be assumed ; to that end he wrote much about the effect of laws, religion, education and similar forces on the society and social integration.

Many Māori served in the Second World War and learned how to cope in the modern urban world ; others moved from their rural homes to the cities to take up jobs vacated by Pākehā servicemen.

It was probably the only kind of modern firearm that could be manufactured in the forest without the need for sophisticated tools and factory equipment during the Second World War.

During the Second French Empire, Georges-Eugène Haussmann | Haussmann transformed the medieval city of Paris into a modern capital, with long, straight, wide boulevards.

The roots of the modern environmental movement can be traced to attempts in 19th-century Europe and North America to expose the costs of environmental negligence, notably disease, as well as widespread air and water pollution, but only after the Second World War did a wider awareness begin to emerge.

The modern Pax Americana era is cited by both supporters and critics of United States foreign policy after the Second World War.

The modern 419 scam became popular during the 1980s during the hyper-corrupt " Second Republic " governed by President Shehu Shagari.

First, the battle was regarded as a disastrous defeat, then it faded essentially from Arab histories, leading to a modern dispute which regards it as either a secondary loss to the great defeat of the Second Siege of Constantinople, where the Bulgarian Emperor Tervel played a crucial role, or a part of a series of great macrohistorical defeats which together brought about the fall of the first Caliphate.

The term is not particularly current in modern contexts because the region does not exactly correspond to the sovereign states of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, for which an alternative term, Benelux, was employed after the Second World War, though only to describe them as a trading union.

Germany developed modern sabots under the name " Treibspiegel " (" thrust shield ") to give extra altitude to their anti-aircraft guns during the Second World War.

* The Second Manifesto dealing with plural marriage, issued by Joseph F. Smith as president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

* September 25 – The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints President Joseph F. Smith issues a Second Manifesto against polygamy.

Among the new denominations that grew from the religious ferment of the Second Great Awakening are the Churches of Christ, Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( nicknamed the Mormons ), the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada.

Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe that there will be a Second Coming of Jesus to the earth sometime in the future.

Second, it emphasizes the First Vision as an essential part of Latter-day Saint message.

In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the members of the First and the Second Quorums of the Seventy are general authorities of the church with responsibilities covering the church as a whole, including areas of the church where stakes are established.

They had been excommunicated from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) due to their refusal to renounce polygamy as required by the Second Manifesto issued in 1904 by then-LDS Church President Joseph F. Smith.

He currently serves as the Second Counselor in the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and is the eleventh most senior apostle in the ranks of the Church.

Faust was Second Counselor in the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) from 1995 until his death, an LDS Church apostle for 29 years, and a general authority of the church for 35 years.

Willard Richards ( June 24, 1804 – March 11, 1854 ) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and served as Second Counselor in the First Presidency to church president Brigham Young in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) from 1847 until his death.

Category: Members of the Second Quorum of the Seventy of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

In response, church president Joseph F. Smith issued a " Second Manifesto " in 1904 which reaffirmed the church's opposition to the creation of new plural marriages and threatened excommunication for Latter-day Saints who continued to enter into or solemnize new plural marriages.

Category: Members of the Second Quorum of the Seventy of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

It is the largest church originating on American soil, and it is the largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement started by Joseph Smith during the period of religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening.

The game of mall was a fashionable amusement in the reign of Charles the Second, and the walk in Saint James's Park, now called the Mall, received its name from having been appropriated to the purpose of playing at mall, where Charles himself and his courtiers frequently exercised themselves in the practice of this pastime.

In addition to fighting the Second Barons ' War, Henry III made war against Saint Louis and was defeated during the Saintonge War, yet Louis IX did not capitalise on his victory, respecting his opponent's rights.

Saint Isidore presided over the Second Council of Seville, begun on 13 November 619, in the reign of King Sisebut.

One later volume, Catch the Saint, was an experiment in returning The Saint to his period, prior to the Second World War ( as opposed to recent Saint books set in the present day ).

The Second Epistle of Peter, often referred to as Second Peter and written 2 Peter or in Roman numerals II Peter ( especially in older references ), is a book of the New Testament of the Bible, ascribed by some scholars to Saint Peter, though currently, many NT scholars regard it as pseudepigraphical.

* July 19 – August 7 – The Second Congress of the Communist International takes place in Saint Petersburg and Moscow.

* Saint Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the Second Crusade at Vezelay, Burgundy.

During the Second World War, the Battle of the St. Lawrence involved a number of submarine and anti-submarine actions throughout the lower St. Lawrence River and the entire Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Strait of Belle Isle and Cabot Strait from May to October 1942, September 1943, and again in October and November 1944.

Luns did visit the Tridentine Mass held by the assumptionist priest Winand Kotte, who opposed the modernising policies of the Second Vatican Council, in the Saint Wilibrord Church of Utrecht in August 1971.

The commitment to relate religion to daily life through the law has led some ( notably, Saint Paul and Martin Luther ) to infer that the Pharisees were more legalistic than other sects in the Second Temple Era.

His publishing house was complemented during the Second Empire by painter artists ' workhalls for the decoration of churches: three of their main works, in the style of Eugène Delacroix, still remain in the choir of the church of Saint John the Baptist of Audresselles ( Pas de Calais, France ).

A similar approach can be seen in other works from this period: the Second Piano Sonata ( 1962 ), the Concerto for Orchestra ( 1963 ) and The Vision of Saint Augustine ( 1965 ).

* The 2009 auction ( for US $ 36 million ) of two imperial bronze zodiac sculptures collected by Yves Saint Laurent, looted in 1860 from the Old Summer Palace of Beijing by French and British forces at the close of the Second Opium War caused controversy.

File: Flag of the United Kingdom ( 3-5 ). svg | The Second Union Flag, 1801, incorporating Cross of Saint Patrick, following Union of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland.

The Ikarians have historically been under control by Polycrates ' Sea Empire, the Second Athenian League, the Roman province of Asia, the Byzantine Empire, the Republic of Genoa, the Knights of Saint John and the Ottoman Empire before becoming an independent people on the 17th of July, 1917.

The character matches the description of Satan in the Book of Revelation, speaking arrogant words and blasphemies, and is reminiscent of Saint Paul's comments in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians where he describes his public humiliation by the enemy.

** June 22 – Second San Juan USS Saint Paul maintains a blockade by defeating a Spanish sortie.

* Order of Saint George Second Class ( Орден Святого Георгия, 1916, Russian Empire )

Saint Benedict of Aniane ( c. 747 – 11 February 821 ), born Witiza and called the Second Benedict, was a Benedictine monk and monastic reformer, who left a large imprint on the religious practice of the Carolingian Empire.

The Poor Clares, officially the Order of Saint Clare, () -- originally referred to as the Order of Poor Ladies, and later the Clarisses, the Minoresses, the Franciscan Clarist Order, and the Second Order of St. Francis -- are members of a contemplative Order of nuns in the Catholic Church.