* The Military Orientation of the Roman Emperors Septimius Severus to Gallienus ( 146 – 268 C. E.

Alexander's dedication of On Fate to Septimius Severus and Caracalla, in gratitude for his position at Athens, indicates a date between 198 and 209.

Alexander's maternal great-aunt was empress Julia Domna ( also Maesa's younger sister ) and his great-uncle in marriage was emperor Lucius Septimius Severus.

* 193 – Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum ( in the Balkans ).

After siding with Pescennius Niger against the victorious Septimius Severus, the city was besieged by Roman forces and suffered extensive damage in 196 AD.

Byzantium was rebuilt by Septimius Severus, now emperor, and quickly regained its previous prosperity.

It was bound to Perinthos during the period of Septimius Severus.

235 ) (), often seen as just Aelian, born at Praeneste, was a Roman author and teacher of rhetoric who flourished under Septimius Severus and probably outlived Elagabalus, who died in 222.

* 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.

* 211 – Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies at Eboracum ( modern York, England ) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians. He leaves the empire in the control of his two quarrelling sons.

* 211 – Septimius Severus, Roman emperor ( b. 145 )

Galen became physician to Septimius Severus during his reign in Rome.

In Southern's opinion, these reforms and the decline in senatorial influence not only helped Aurelian to salvage the Empire, but they also make Gallienus one of the emperors most responsible for the creation of the dominate, along with Septimius Severus, Diocletian and Constantine I.

Following the short reign of Pertinax, several rivals for the emperorship emerged, including Septimius Severus and Clodius Albinus.

Arch of Septimius Severus in Leptis Magna.

His grandmother Julia Maesa was the widow of the Consul Julius Avitus, the sister of Julia Domna, and the sister-in-law of emperor Septimius Severus.

Since the reign of Septimius Severus, sun worship had increased throughout the Empire.

It was the birthplace of Emperor Septimius Severus, who lavished an extensive public works programme on the city, including diverting the course of a nearby river.

In spite of the steady inflation during the 2nd century, there was no further rise until the time of Septimius Severus, who increased it to 500 denarii a year.

Julius may have served under Septimius Severus against the Osrhoenians in 195.

Septimius Severus (; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211 ), also known as Severus, was Roman Emperor from 193 to 211.

Septimius Severus was born on 11 April 145 at Leptis Magna ( in modern Libya ), son of Publius Septimius Geta and Fulvia Pia.

Severus ' father was an obscure provincial who held no major political status, but he had two cousins, Publius Septimius Aper and Gaius Septimius Severus, who served as consuls under emperor Antoninus Pius.

Septimius Severus considered Antioch to be more degenerate than Laodicea, and sought to punish Antioch for having supported the aspirations of his rival Pescennius Niger.

Following the end of this term, Septimius Severus travelled back to Rome, taking up office as tribune of the plebs, with the distinction of being candidatus of the emperor.

Septimius Severus does not mention her in his autobiography, though he later commemorated her with statues when he became Emperor.

Tondo ( art ) | Tondo, probably from the year 199, Septimius Severus with Julia Domna, Caracalla and Geta, whose face is smeared out.

The women of the Severan dynasty, beginning with Septimius Severus's wife Julia Domna, were notably active in advancing the careers of their male relatives.

* Emperor Septimius Severus has the Senate deify Commodus in an attempt to gain favor with the family of Marcus Aurelius.

* Lucius Septimius Bassianus ( Caracalla ), age 7, changed his name to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to solidify connections with the family of Marcus Aurelius and is given the title Caesar.

* Septimius Severus finally gains control of the Roman Empire, in Britain Clodius Albinus allies with him and accepted the title of Caesar.

* Battle of Issus: Emperor Septimius Severus marches with his army ( 12 legions ) to Cilicia and defeats Pescennius Niger, governor of Syria.

* Septimius Severus forms new naval units, manning all the triremes in Italy with heavily armed troops for war in the East.

Tondo ( art ) | Tondo of the Severan dynasty | Severan family, with portraits of Septimius Severus, Julia Domna, Caracalla, and Publius Septimius Geta | Geta.

Commodus's assassination led to a succession crisis, the so-called Year of the Five Emperors, which culminated in the ascension of a soldier-emperor, Septimius Severus, who, despite giving the Empire a peaceful reign, was accused by Gibbon of catalysing the Crisis of the Third Century, a period of economic, political and military crisis that, together with the Germanic invasions and the rise of the Sassanid Persian Empire in the East, almost led the Empire to collapse.

* The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 43 percent under emperor Elagabalus, down from 50 percent under Septimius Severus, as he empties the treasury with his excesses while his grandmother, Julia Maesa, rules the Empire.

The eldest son of Septimius Severus, for a short time he ruled jointly with his younger brother Geta until he had him murdered in 211.

Caracalla was present and was then proclaimed co-emperor with his brother Publius Septimius Antoninus Geta.

Bassianus ' name probably came from Lucius Septimius Bassianus, better known as Caracalla, a major figure in Africanus, who, like Bassianus in the play, fights with his brother over succession, one appealing to primogeniture and the other to popularity.

During the Late Imperial era, Ceres gradually " slips into obscurity "; the last known official association of the Imperial family with her symbols is a coin issue of Septimius Severus ( AD 193 – 211 ), showing his empress, Julia Domna, in the corona spicea.

Septimius Severus inaugurated his reign and dynasty with games to honour Liber / Shadrapa and Hercules / Melqart, the Romanised founding hero-deities of his native town, Lepcis Magna ( North Africa ); then he built them a massive temple and arch in Rome.

Later emperors like Claudius and Septimius Severus have celebrated the passing of saecula with games at irregular intervals.

Following the defeat of Clodius Albinus and his allies by Septimius Severus at Lugdunum, Roma was removed from the Lugdunum cult ara to the temple, where along with the Augusti she was co-opted into a new and repressive formulation of Imperial cult.

In the civil war that followed, Albinus was initially allied with Septimius Severus, who had captured Rome, took his own name Septimius and accepted the title of Caesar from him ; the two shared a consulship in 194.

In autumn 196, Albinus proclaimed himself Emperor ( Imperator Caesar Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Augustus ), crossed from Britain to Gaul, bringing a large part of the British garrison with him.