A notable example of this penalty was the Shamarpa, once the most powerful subordinate of the Karmapa, whose recognition of reincarnation was banned by order of the Dalai Lama in 1792.

This ban remained in place until after the Dalai Lama lost power in Tibet during the 1950s, although it was later revealed that the Karmapa had recognized emanations of the Shamarpa secretly during the intervening period.

The first Shamarpa, Khedrup Drakpa Senge ( 1283 – 1349 ), was the principal disciple of the third Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje.

Rangjung Dorje gave this disciple a ruby-red crown and the title Shamarpa, establishing the second line of reincarnate lamas in Tibetan Buddhism, Karmapa being the first.

When the fourth Karmapa, Rolpe Dorje, returned the red crown to the second Shamarpa, he recalled Karma Pakshi's prediction, saying, " You are the one manifestation, while I am the other.

" The Shamarpa is often referred to as the " Red-hat Karmapa ," especially in early Kagyu texts.

The successive Shamarpa reincarnations are listed in " The Garland of Moon Water Crystal " by the 8th Tai Situpa Chökyi Jungne and Belo Tsewang Künkhyab.

The Shamarpa in turn, recognized and enthroned 12th Karmapa as the 12th Karmapa and acted as his Root-guru.

A dispute over his claim to his stepbrother's material inheritance led to an armed conflict in which the Shamarpa conspired with the Nepalese Gurkha army in 1788.

This, and other disputes between the Gelug and Kagyu schools led to the exile from Tibet of the Shamarpa and a legal ban by the Tibetan government on further Shamarpa incarnations This ban remained in place until after the Dalai Lama lost power in Tibet during the 1950s, although it was later revealed that the Karmapa had recognized reincarnations of the Shamarpa secretly during the intervening period.

In 1792, the Tibetan government found the 10th Shamarpa guilty of inciting a war between Tibet and Nepal.

He was exiled from Tibet and a ban placed on his future incarnations, thereby abolishing the Shamarpa line.

The present ( 14th ) Shamarpa is Mipham Chokyi Lodro, born in Derge, Tibet in 1952.

The Nydahls also became students of Mipham Chokyi Lodro, the fourteenth Shamarpa.

From the Shamarpa, they took the Bodhisattva vows and learned about Gampopa's Jewel Ornament of Liberation.

In 1983, the Shamarpa named Nydahl a Buddhist master.

" Nydahl was expressly confirmed as a lama by the Shamarpa in 2006.

His teaching activity was described and commended by the Shamarpa in 2012.

Nydahl, along with the Fourteenth Shamarpa, who was one of only four lineage-holders appointed to recognize the incarnation of the Karmapa at that time, supported Trinley Thaye Dorje.

Nydahl, the Shamarpa, and Topgala requested that the letter's authenticity be tested.

As a result of this, Thaye Dorje was enthroned as Vidhyadhara ( Knowledge Holder ) by the 14th Shamarpa in December 2003 at the Karmapa International Buddhist Institute.

Ogyen Trinley Dorje had mentioned his desire to meet the Shamarpa, and requested Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche arrange a personal meeting with him.

The Shamarpa had declined the first invitation in 2005, which was received by telephone call from Drikung Chetsang Rinpoche, because to have accepted it " at that time would invite unwarranted suspicions from the India government upon himself.

In 1994 Thaye Dorje was enthroned by the 14th Kunzig Shamarpa as the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa at the Karmapa International Buddhist Institute in New Delhi, India.

Shamarpa wrote, " Although this matter is not easily resolved, since it is connected to the politics of China and India as well, with His Holiness Dalai Lama's blessing and support I am confident that there will be an amicable solution, which will be beneficial for the Karma Kagyü lineage, as well as for Tibetan Buddhism in general.

The 14th Shamarpa, who is the second longest recognized tulku ( reincarnate Lama ) incarnation lineage in the Karma Kagyu tradition and who, in previous incarnations, has held and transmitted the Kagyu lineage between Karmapas, does not recognize Ogyen Trinley Dorje and instead has proclaimed Thaye Dorje (), whom he purportedly identified a few years earlier ( than the recognition of Orgyen Thrinley Dorje ) in a dream, as the true Karmapa.

In the 1790s, shortly before the recognition of the 14th Karmapa, the Tibetan government in Lhasa banned the Shamarpa from reincarnating as a result of alleged political intrigues.

The Shamarpa recognised the 5th, 6th, 9th ( together with Tai Situ ), 10th, 11th, and ( via a search party ) 12th Karmapas.

Tai Situ recognised the 8th, 9th ( together with the Shamarpa ), 14th, and ( together with Jamgon Kongtrul ) 16th Karmapas.

Ogyen Trinley Dorje met with the Shamarpa in the Oberoi International Hotel in New Delhi on 9 January 2007.

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