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Shemini Atzeret is often referred to as the eighth day of the Festival of Sukkot, which occupies the seven preceding days ( this term is slightly erroneous, however ).
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Shemini and Atzeret
Jews have two holiday seasons: the Spring Feasts of Pesach ( Passover ) and Shavuot ( Weeks, called Pentecost in Greek ); and the Fall Feasts of Rosh Hashanah ( Head of the Year ), Yom Kippur ( Day of Atonement ), Sukkot ( Tabernacles ), and Shemini Atzeret ( Eighth Day of Assembly ).
Sukkot concludes with Shemini Atzeret, where Jews begin to pray for rain and Simchat Torah, " Rejoicing of the Torah ", a holiday which marks reaching the end of the Torah reading cycle and beginning all over again.
Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are technically considered to be a separate holiday and not a part of Sukkot.
Outside of Israel, meals are still taken in the Sukkah on the eighth day, Shemini Atzeret, a holiday in its own right.
* Shemini Atzeret – 22 Tishrei ( combined with Simchat Torah in Israel )
The holiday of Shemini Atzeret immediately follows the conclusion of the holiday of Sukkot.
This name reflects the fact that while in many respects Shemini Atzeret is a separate holiday in its own right, in certain respects its celebration is linked to that of Sukkot.
Outside Israel, Shemini Atzeret is two days long, and Simchat Torah is observed on the second day.
The first day ( and second in the diaspora ) is a sabbath-like yom tov when work is forbidden, followed by the intermediate Chol Hamoed and Shemini Atzeret.
The holiday immediately following Sukkot is known as Shemini Atzeret ( lit.
Shemini Atzeret is viewed as a separate holiday.
In the Land of Israel, Simchat Torah is celebrated on Shemini Atzeret.
On Shemini Atzeret the sukkah is left and meals are eaten inside the house.
Shemini Atzeret ( – " the Eighth of Assembly "; Ashkenazic pron.
In Israel, as well as in Reform Judaism, the holidays of Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are combined into one and the names are used interchangeably.
The Talmud, in Tractate Sukkah 48a, describes Shemini Atzeret with the words " a holiday in its own right " (, regel bifnei atzmo ) with respect to six specific halakhic ( Jewish law ) issues.
However, on Shemini Atzeret, lots were drawn as on all other festivals.
Rashi at Sukkah 48a states that this specifically means ( a ) that one does not dwell in the sukkah on Shemini Atzeret and ( b ) that one does not describe the day as " Sukkot " during one's prayers.
On Shemini Atzeret, the offering included one ram, seven lambs and a single bull.
Those of Sukkot refer to agricultural gifts to the poor required to be separated from the crops by Sukkot ; that of Shemini Atzeret is entirely different.
Just below this discussion, the Mishnah ( at Sukkah 48a or at Mishnah Sukkah 4: 7 ) describes Shemini Atzeret as ( yom tov aḥaron shel ḥag, final holiday of the Festival Sukkot ).
With respect to these two obligations, Shemini Atzeret is part of Sukkot.
This is why one of Sukkot's liturgical aliases, ( zman simḥatenu, " Time of Our Happiness ,") continues to be used to describe Shemini Atzeret ( and by extension Simchat Torah ) in prayers.
Indeed, the biblical name of the holiday, Shemini Atzeret, is a clear reference to the fact that it falls on the eighth day, counting from the first day of Sukkot.
Shemini and is
This dual nature of Shemini Atzeret ( both part of Sukkot and apart from it ) is reflected in the observances and customs of the day ( s ).
Given a day mandated for seasonal rejoicing ( Shemini Atzeret ) with no specific obligations as to the focus of the rejoicing ( such as sukkah, lulav or etrog ), it is not surprising that the celebration of the conclusion of the annual reading was absorbed into the celebration of Shemini Atzeret.
The Simchat Torah celebration is now the most distinctive feature of this festival – so much so that in Israel, where Shemini Atzeret lasts only one day, it is more common to refer to the day as " Simchat Torah " than as " Shemini Atzeret.
In Israel, as well as in Reform congregations, Shemini Atzeret is observed for one day.
In other communities outside Israel, Shemini Atzeret is observed for two days.
Shemini and referred
The first day is referred to as " Shemini Atzeret " and the second day as " Simchat Torah ," although both days are officially Shemini Atzeret according to Halakha, and this is reflected in the liturgy.
Shemini and eighth
*( on Shemini Atzeret / Simchat Torah ): the eighth day, the Festival of Assembly, the time of our happiness
Shemini and day
He introduces the notion that just as one rejoices during the seven days with sukkah, lulav and etrog, so one rejoices equally on Shemini Atzeret, even ( the restriction ) without using sukkah, lulav and etrog on that day.
But because Shemini Atzeret is also a holiday in its own right, certain things which should happen on the seventh day ( ḥol hamoed ) are not permitted on Shemini Atzeret.
Others eat the evening meal of Shemini Atzeret indoors but the day meal outdoors.
When Shemini Atzeret falls on Shabbat, Kohelet is read on that day outside of Israel.
For Karaites, followers of a branch of Judaism that accepts the Written Law, but not the Oral Law, Shemini Atzeret is observed as a single day of rest, not associated with the practices of Simkhat Torah, which are a rabbinic innovation.
Because of that, the 22nd day of the 7th month is not necessarily celebrated on the same date as 22 Tishrei in the ( conventional, Rabbinic ) Jewish calendar ( in 2010, Shemini Atzeret fell out on October 1 for Karaites, one day later than in the conventional Jewish calendar ).
Samaritans, followers of an Abrahamic religion closely related to Judaism that recognizes only the first five ( or six ) books of the Bible as canonical, celebrate only one day of Shemini Atzeret.
In Orthodox and Conservative communities outside Israel, Shemini Atzeret is a two-day holiday and the Simchat Torah festivities are observed on the second day.
Shemini and Festival
The Torah only includes a limited direct reference to Shemini Atzeret: its date ( relative to Sukkot ) and its restrictions on work ( similar to other Festival days ).
Shemini and Sukkot
In this grouping Sukkot includes Shemini Atzeret-Simḩat Torah.
The Talmud describes happiness (, simcha ) and recitation of Hallel as the two obligations of Sukkot that carry over to Shemini Atzeret.
In Israel and in Reform Judaism, none of the unique observances of Sukkot ( sukkah, lulav and etrog ) carry over to Shemini Atzeret.
In the Diaspora in Ashkenazic Orthodox communities, the ceremony is performed only on Pesach, Shavuot, Sukkot, Shemini Atzeret, Rosh Hashanah, and Yom Kippur.
Simchat Torah is a component of the Biblical Jewish holiday of Shemini Atzeret (" Eighth Day of Assembly "), which follows immediately after the festival of Sukkot in the month of Tishrei ( mid-September to early October on the Gregorian calendar ).
On the Hebrew calendar, the holiday of Sukkot in the autumn ( late mid-September to late mid-October ) is immediately followed by the holiday of Shemini Atzeret.
This version of kiddush is said on the festival nights of Passover, Shavuot, Sukkot, and Shemini Atzeret / Simchat Torah.
It is a Jewish prayer recited on all seven days of Sukkot, on Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah ), on Shavuot, on the first two days of Pesach ( only the first day in Israel ), and on the eight days of Hanukkah.
* holidays, including Rosh HaShana, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Simchat Torah, Shemini Atzeret, Purim, Pesach, Shavuot ;
In some communities, the cantor wears it during certain special services during the year, such as the first night of Selichot, the seventh day of the Holiday of Sukkot ( also known as Hoshanah Rabbah ), the Musaf prayers of Shemini Atzeret and the first day of Passover, where the prayers for rain ( Tefilat HaGeshem ) and dew ( Tefilat HaTal ) are respectively recited.
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