Short-run variation in economic growth is termed the business cycle.

Short-run total cost is given by

Short-run equilibrium of the firm under monopolistic competition.

Short-run soaps, including 49th & Main and North / South, have also aired.

Short-run average cost will vary in relation to the quantity produced unless fixed costs are zero and variable costs constant.

In recent years America's partners and friends in Western Europe and Japan have made great economic progress.

Continuing deficits of anything like this magnitude would, over time, impair our own economic growth and check the forward progress of the Free World.

In several significant cases, such as India, a decade of concentrated effort can launch these countries into a stage in which they can carry forward their own economic and social progress with little or no government-to-government assistance.

Throughout the world the people of the newly developing nations are struggling for economic and social progress which reflects their deepest desires.

This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions.

The book made many Americans appreciate their country's economic progress and sold over 40, 000 copies, mostly in the U. S.

Likewise, Joseph E. Stiglitz, speaking not only on China but East Asia in general, comments " The countries that have managed globalization ... such as those in East Asia, have, by and large, ensured that they reaped huge benefits ..." According to The Heritage Foundation, development in China was anticipated by Milton Friedman, who predicted that even a small progress towards economic liberalization would produce dramatic and positive effects.

According to the Center for Economic and Policy Research ( CEPR ), the period from 1980 – 2005 has seen diminished progress in terms of economic growth, life expectancy, infant and child mortality, and to a lesser extent education.

Throughout the postwar period, economic progress also was assisted substantially by a level of internal and external political stability unseen in other East European countries during the same period, that was also a change in Bulgarian political scene was a lot of turbulence preceded the ascent to power of the BCP.

The Economy of Cambodia has seen rapid economic progress in the last decade.

But in 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 4 %.

A bricklayer in Paoua, Central African Republic. In the 40 years since independence, the CAR has made slow progress toward economic development.

By 1972, the economic progress of Allende's first year had been reversed, and the economy was in crisis.

The country has made significant progress since the Revolution towards a more even distribution of income and Cuba has been placed under economic embargo by the United States.

One of the focus themes in the environmental skeptics movement is the idea that environmentalism is a growing threat to social and economic progress and the civil liberties.

* Technological progress — For over a century, economists have known that capital and labor do not account for all of economic growth.

This is reflected in total factor productivity and the Solow residual used in economic models called production functions that account for the contributions of capital and labor, yet have some unexplained contributor which is commonly called technological progress.

With useful work as a factor of production they are able to reproduce historical rates of economic growth with considerable precision and without recourse to exogenous and unexplained technological progress, thereby overcoming the major flaw of the Solow Theory of economic growth.

Historically, Fianna Fáil has been seen as to the left of Fine Gael and to the right of the Labour Party and is generally seen as a classic " catch all " populist party-representing a broad range of people from all social classes with the belief in the coincidence of economic growth and social progress.

The shift to the peaceful development of Finnish society was facilitated by the outcome of World War I, the marked post-war economic progress and recovery, and by the pre-1918 cultural and national unity of the majority of the nation.

This has brought on difficulties for Guatemala as more people puts pressure in the nation's economic progress in a country where 70 % live in dire poverty, and political stability was weakened by an inability to have effective population growth programs.

Critics of the East German state have claimed that the state's commitment to communism was a hollow and cynical tool Machiavellian in nature, but this assertion has been challenged by studies that have found that the East German leadership was genuinely committed to the advance of scientific knowledge, economic development, and social progress.

This argument has been challenged by some scholars who claim that the Party was committed to the advance of scientific knowledge, economic development, and social progress.

A modicum of stability and economic progress was restored to Spain during Alfonso XII's rule ( 1874 – 1885 ), although progress was cut short by his sudden death at age 28.

Whether any of us remain in it long will depend on what happens as a result of the technological and economic revolutions now going on in the countries of Asia and Africa, and also of course on how long the cold war remains cold.

Armenia's unemployment rate, however, remains high, despite strong economic growth.

Industry remains greatly overstaffed, a holdover from the socialist economic structure of Yugoslavia.

It has experienced rapid economic growth, even though its income level remains the lowest within the EU with an average monthly wage of 754 leva ( 386 euro ).

Controlling the budget deficit remains the single biggest challenge for the country's economic policy makers, as interest costs on the accumulated central government debt consumes the equivalent of 30 % of the government's total revenues.

In acknowledgment of the Turkish Cypriot community's support for reunification, however, the EU made it clear that trade concessions would be reached to stimulate economic growth in the north, and remains committed to reunification under acceptable terms.

In the 21st century, U. S. influence remains strong but, in relative terms, is declining in terms of economic output compared to rising nations such as China, India, Russia, Brazil, and the newly consolidated European Union.

In 1952 it created the Helmand Valley Authority to manage the economic development of the Helmand and Arghandab valleys through irrigation and land development, a scheme which remains one of the country's most important capital resources.

Application of EBM data therefore depends on patient circumstances and preferences, and medical treatment remains subject to input from personal, political, philosophical, ethical, economic, and esthetic values.

While most of his proposals-" to abandon the gold standard, let international exchange rates float, use federal surpluses and deficits as macroeconomic policy tools that could counter cyclical trends, and establish bureaus of economic statistics ( including a consumer price index ) in order to facilitate this effort "-are now conventional practice, his critique of fractional-reserve banking still " remains outside the bounds of conventional wisdom ".

These movements or styles tend to classify the artists by their relationship to their social and economic contexts, since, in most countries, graffiti art remains illegal in many forms except when using non-permanent paint.

In his June 2009, budget speech, Chief Minister Peter Caruana noted that Gibraltar's economy remains in good shape and Government finances remain healthy, solid, stable and robust, despite global economic and financial turmoil.

Germany remains one of the economic powerhouses of Europe, contributing about one quarter of the Eurozone's annual gross domestic product.

While implementation of governance reforms and peaceful resolution of the political stalemate are key to long-term growth, external support remains critical in avoiding economic collapse.

Since World War II France has been a leading member in the UN, the European Union and NATO, and remains a strong economic, cultural, military and political influence in the 21st century.

Nevertheless, Italian remains an important language in the education and economic sectors in Libya.

Even while Madagascar's conservation crisis remains high, its economic crisis remains still higher.

Although no longer a member of the OAU ( Organisation of African Unity ) since November 12, 1984 — following the admission of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as the government of Western Sahara — Morocco remains involved in developing the regional economy, as the city of Casablanca contains North Africa's busiest port and serves as the country's economic center.

The material cultural remains that are discovered by maritime archaeologists along former trade routes can be combined with historic documents and material cultural remains found on land to understand the economic, social and political environment of the past.

Out of all these categories, oil and gas extraction remains one of the largest in terms of its global economic importance.

Agriculture remains Nepal's principal economic activity, employing 80 % of the population and providing 37 % of GDP.

The acquisition of natural resources for industrial use remains the primary component of the world's economic system.

So far, the Toledo government remains committed to neoliberal economic policies and structural reform in the hope of attracting sufficient international investment to generate growth and job creation.