Historians differ in their assessments as to who was the principal player in the purchase ; the Jefferson biographer Peterson notes a range of opinion among those who credit Napoleon, or others who credit Jefferson, his secretary of state James Madison, and his negotiator James Monroe.

Historians Edward Hyams and George Ordish believe quipus were recording devices, similar to musical notation, in that the notes on the page present basic information, and the performer would then bring those details to life.

Historians disagree on the reasons for his death, and Jill Lepore notes that most relate to his role as " cultural mediator ," negotiating with both sides and no longer belonging to either.

Historians suggest that items which describe the daily lives of the people who created them, such as personal notes, pictures, and documents, would greatly increase the value of the time capsule to future historians.

Hilberg notes that Dawidowicz not only ignored The Destructions findings in The War Against the Jews, but also went on to exclude mention of him in her 1981 historiographic work, The Holocaust and the Historians.

At the time nutmeg was one of the " fine spices " kept expensive in Europe by disciplined manipulation of the market, but a desirable commodity for Dutch traders in the ports of India as well ; economic historian Fernand Braudel notes that India consumed twice as much as Europe.

Economist Robin Hahnel notes that, even if central planning overcame its inherent inhibitions of incentives and innovation, it would nevertheless be unable to maximize economic democracy and self-management, which he believes are concepts that are more intellectually coherent, consistent and just than mainstream notions of economic freedom.

Sheldon Richman notes that " he came of age during the Napoleonic wars, with their extensive government intervention in economic affairs.

Hayek's economic notes from this period have yet to be published.

R. Kendall Soulen notes three categories of supersessionism are identified by Christian theologians: punitive, economic, and structural.

" Kenneth Weiher, an economic historian, notes, " despite the severity of the contraction, the Fed did not move to use its powers to turn the money supply around and fight the contraction.

The combination that produced economic stability was a restriction of supply of new notes, a government monopoly on the issuance of notes directly and, indirectly, a central bank and a single unit of value.

As Rogers notes, " Balzac was interested in any social, political, or economic theory, whether from the right or the left.

" McLynn notes that, " He can be viewed as the man who set back European economic life for a generation by the dislocating impact of his wars.

Private copper tokens became common in Canada due to initial distrust of " army bills ", which were paper notes issued by Brock in response to a currency shortage caused by economic growth.

A number of economic concepts and techniques were applied in early Islamic banking, including bills of exchange, partnership ( mufawada, including limited partnerships, or mudaraba ), and forms of capital ( al-mal ), capital accumulation ( nama al-mal ), cheques, promissory notes, trusts ( see Waqf ), transactional accounts, loaning, ledgers and assignments.

In the introduction the report notes that the farm economy is in a deep slump and that there are major economic challenges facing rural communities within the U. S ..

Originally, as Marx explicitly notes, commercial trade emerged at the boundaries of economic communities based on a non-capitalist mode of production, and it is only when commerce begins to dominate and regulate the bulk of production itself, that it becomes clearer that the ultimate source, or substance, of all surplus-value is really surplus-labour.

That quest, Marx notes, always involves a power relationship between different social classes and nations, inasmuch as attempts are made to force other people to pay for costs as much as possible, while maximising one's own entitlement or claims to income from economic activity.

In brief, the Pirenne Thesis, an early essay in economic history diverging from the narrative history of the 19th century, notes that in the ninth century long-distance trading was at a low ebb ; the only settlements that were not purely agricultural were the ecclesiastical, military and administrative centres that served the feudal ruling classes as fortresses, episcopal seats, abbeys and occasional royal residences of the peripatetic palatium.

He notes that a firm ’ s interactions with the market may not be under its control ( for instance because of sales taxes ), but its internal allocation of resources are: “ Within a firm, ... market transactions are eliminated and in place of the complicated market structure with exchange transactions is substituted the entrepreneur ... who directs production .” He asks why alternative methods of production ( such as the price mechanism and economic planning ), could not either achieve all production, so that either firms use internal prices for all their production, or one big firm runs the entire economy.

The session was largely taken up with problems in Ireland, economic depression and the bullion controversy in England ( a Bill was passed to make bank notes legal tender ), and military operations in the Peninsula.

Johansson notes “ more recent analyses within media and cultural studies ( e. g. Gamson 1994 ; Marshall 1997 ; Giles 2000 ; Turner, Marshall and Bonner 2000 ; Rojek 2001 ; Turner 2004 ) have instead dealt with the idea of a pervasive, contemporary, ‘ celebrity culture ’.” In the analysis of the celebrity culture, “ fame and its constituencies are conceived of as a broader social process, connected to widespread economic, political, technological and cultural developments .”

He notes his opinion relating other changes that have also occurred since 1950, to children becoming more like adults: divorce, economic realities and women ’ s liberation, in his opinion have led to less nurturing of children.

World War I and the world economic crisis of the 1930s brought about temporary or permanent abolition of the convertibility of bank notes to silver and gold coins.

`` I thought I knew more than my education had taught me, '' notes the narrator, `` because I had encountered the militant mobs of a political or religious faith ''.

He played a number of typical situations before observers, other supervisors who kept notes and then explained to him in detail what he did they thought was wrong.

In an essay on conspiracy theories originating in the Middle East, Daniel Pipes notes that " ive assumptions distinguish the conspiracy theorist from more conventional patterns of thought: appearances deceive ; conspiracies drive history ; nothing is haphazard ; the enemy always gains ; power, fame, money, and sex account for all.

" In the earlier phases of the project, he never mentioned a Greek text: " My mind is so excited at the thought of emending Jerome ’ s text, with notes, that I seem to myself inspired by some god.

Remini notes that Adams thought the end of slavery would come by either civil war or the consent of the slave South, but definitely not through the work of abolitionists.

The best evidence of Aristotle's having thought there was a natural law comes from the Rhetoric, where Aristotle notes that, aside from the " particular " laws that each people has set up for itself, there is a " common " law that is according to nature.

The best evidence of Aristotle's having thought there was a natural law comes from the Rhetoric, where Aristotle notes that, aside from the " particular " laws that each people has set up for itself, there is a " common " law that is according to nature.

Mill notes that, contrary to what its critics might say, there is “ no known Epicurean theory of life which does not assign to the pleasures of the intellect … a much higher value as pleasures than to those of mere sensation .” However, he accepts that this is usually because the intellectual pleasures are thought to have circumstantial advantages, i. e. “ greater permanency, safety, uncostliness, & c .” Instead, Mill will argue that some pleasures are intrinsically better than others.

" Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, who made notes of the conversation, thought the Attorney General had merited the President's " admonition ," because Palmer " was seeing red behind every bush and every demand for an increase in wages.

Actress Terry Moore calls Kazan her " best friend ," and notes that " he made you feel better than you thought you could be.

As he later recalled, Tolkien thought about " adventures " that the Company would meet on their way to Mordor and considered employing " Stone-Men " as one of them ; other preserved notes mention a " city of stone and civilized men ", its siege and a " Land of Ond ".

Corning notes that scholars have identified three major strands of thought that have influenced the popular conceptions of Celtic Christianity.

She notes that while it is commonly thought to be more appropriate for women to spin than to write, she herself is better at writing.

Sargent refused to conduct the first performance as he thought it overburdened with notes.

However, Ellwood notes that Eliade " tends to slide over that last qualification ", implying that traditional societies actually thought like homo religiosus.

Indeed, Phil Hutchinson notes that a. if one looks at Putnam's own later criticisms of others ( for example his criticisms of Jaegwon Kim in his book The Threefold Cord ) one finds that implicitly he critiques his own earlier self ; and b. that the persuasive power of the Twin Earth thought experiment / intuition pump relies on our turning a blind eye to aspects of the experiment in order that it establish that which Putnam claims it to.

As each is thought of as an attitude, it could be thought of that Musashi means to practice with each " attitude " so that you do not become over-reliant upon one, something which Musashi repeatedly notes as being worse than bad technique.

He notes that for native peoples “ there is no developed awareness of alternatives to the established body of theoretical texts .” He notes that all further differences between traditional and Western thought can be understood as a result of this factor, for example, the fact that African thought both lacks impersonal theory, or objectivity, and clings to the past as opposed to looking towards the future.

Historian Tom Buchanan notes that in parts of the British public at the time, " Cruelty and violence were thought to be ' old Spanish customs ' — due in equal parts to the legacy of the Inquisition and the bull-ring.

" In the earlier phases of the project, he never mentioned a Greek text: " My mind is so excited at the thought of emending Jerome ’ s text, with notes, that I seem to myself inspired by some god.