Since the 1990s the region has experienced an exceptionally tumultuous period in its regional economy with the collapse of large portions of the ground fishery throughout Atlantic Canada, the closing of coal mines and a steel mill on Cape Breton Island, and the closure of military bases in all three provinces.

Since the middle of the 1820s, numerous works comprising coke blast furnaces as well as puddling and rolling mills were built in the coal mining areas around Liège and Charleroi.

Since the resettlement of Svalbard in the early 20th century, coal mining has been the dominant commercial activity.

Since the middle of the 18th century, coal has been mined.

Since the latter half of the 20th century Artois has suffered along with similar areas because of the decline of the coal industry.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the canal has been used primarily to transport vast amounts of bulk goods such as bricks, gravel, sand, diesel and coal.

Since northeastern Pennsylvania was a rich source of anthracite coal, anthracite-fired furnaces using locally available iron ores were built throughout eastern Pennsylvania, helping to make the state a leader in iron production in the latter half of the 19th century.

Since smoke-producing constituents are driven off during the coking of coal, coke forms a desirable fuel for stoves and furnaces in which conditions are not suitable for the complete burning of bituminous coal itself.

Since the resettlement of Spitsbergen in the early 20th century, coal mining has been the dominant commercial activity.

Since the closing of the 5 Slickville mines by 1942, the nearby Patton and Jamison mines in the 50's, and the near total abandonment of mining of ' high sulfur ' coal in the area since the 1980s, Slickville has benefitted economically from its proximity to other cities in the area.

Since the collapse of the coal mining industry in the 1980s, the local economy has been through difficult times as it re-orientates to service industries and manufacturing.

Since 1980, due to the higher number of people leaving big cities ( Liège and Verviers ) to more rural municipalities, and due to the highway E40 ( European route E40 ) passing on its territory, Soumagne recovers from the loss of coal mining and the end of the " Cooperative ".

Since most of the coal which used the canal travelled onwards via the Coventry Canal and the Oxford Canal, these companies faced a big drop in toll revenues, and fought hard to get the Midland Railway's bill amended.

Since each of these materials – bitumen, coal tar, pine tar, pitch – is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, its viscosity / temperature characteristics can vary greatly, depending on how it was made and treated, though pitch is by definition darker and thicker than tar.

Since the discovery of coal in the province, Zonguldak has become a major coal production center.

Since then, coal gas has almost completely been replaced by natural gas as a fuel, and coal tar as a material for paving roads has been replaced by the petroleum product asphalt.

Since 1950s, as the coal industry around the city went into a decline, the status of economic hub shifted from Otaru to Sapporo.

Since the coal mines closed, Iizuka city has suffered from a consistently declining population base.

Since the 1970s the town has benefited from the proximity of profitable coal mining industry.

Since the mid-1960s, farming and light industry have replaced coal mining as the principle occupations.

Since 1949, Taiyuan has developed a large industrial base with heavy industry ( notably iron and steel ) of prime importance ; local coal production is considerable.

Since the mid-1960s, work in farming and light industry have replaced coal mining.

Since the advent of silicification, diatoms have made a significant impression on the fossil record, with major deposits of fossil diatoms found as far back as the early Cretaceous, and some rocks ( diatomaceous earth, diatomite, kieselguhr ) being composed almost entirely of them.

Since there are less fine-grained deposits near the source, this is a place where aquifers are often unconfined ( sometimes called the forebay area ), or in hydraulic communication with the land surface.

Since organic matter accumulates over thousands of years, peat deposits also provide records of past vegetation and climates stored in plant remains, particularly pollen.

Since juniper prefers a more alkaline soil, it is sometimes possible to locate the margins of the ancient sea from a distance by looking for the distinctive light green color of junipers growing on the more alkaline oceanic dolomite deposits between the island hills.

Since the 1815 eruption, the lowermost portion contains deposits of interlayered sequences of lava and pyroclastic materials.

Since the EGR system recirculates a portion of exhaust gases, over time the valve can become clogged with carbon deposits that prevent it from operating properly.

Since the enactment of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1989 ( FDICIA ), all commercial banks that accept deposits are required to obtain FDIC insurance and to have a primary federal regulator ( the Fed for state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System, the FDIC for " nonmember " state banks, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency for all National Banks ).

Since coarser and denser particles are deposited close to source, fine glass and pumice shards are relatively enriched in ash fall deposits at distal locations.

Since gems and heavy metals like gold are considerably more dense than sand, they tend to accumulate at the base of placer deposits.

Since many early hand axes appear to be made from simple rounded pebbles ( from river or beach deposits ), it is necessary to detach a ' starting flake ', often much larger than the rest of the flakes ( due to the oblique angle of a rounded pebble requiring greater force to detach it ), thus creating an asymmetry in the hand axe.

Since banks would not receive profits from lending out deposits, depositors would have to pay banks for keeping their money safe and providing checking and other banking services.

Since most people prefer to think of rates as a yearly percentage, many governments require financial institutions to disclose the equivalent yearly compounded interest rate on deposits or advances.

Since 1995, Grameen has funded 90 percent of its loans with interest income and deposits collected, hence aligning the interests of its new borrowers and depositor-shareholders.

Since much of the uranium that existed in Europe was under Nazi control, the radium deposits in Canada were vital to the creation of the first atomic bombs.

Since the last ice age, silt deposits, borne mostly from the erosion of the Scarborough Bluffs and the eluvial rivers to the east were swept by strong, natural Lake Ontario currents creating prominent fingers of land away from the lakeshore in the current central waterfront area, including the Toronto Islands.

Since launched, Icesave grew rapidly and at 31 March 2007 Icesave deposits totalled £ 2. 8 bn with over 80, 000 accounts opened.

Since borrowers need money and depositors fear to make these loans individually, banks provide a valuable service by aggregating funds from many individual deposits, portioning them into loans for borrowers, and spreading the risks both of default and sudden demands for cash.

Since 1997, it has also received deposits of digital works.

Since that time, dollar deposits outside the U. S. have been called Eurodollar and banks accepting Eurocurrency deposits have been called Eurobanks.

Since the time when this occurred, some ejecta has been deposited across the top, giving the surface a higher albedo than is typical for deposits of basalt.

Since that time, Golden West grew into one of the largest thrifts in the U. S. with assets of approximately $ 125 billion, deposits of $ 60 billion, and 12, 000 employees.

Since the Ghost Ranch specimens were discovered, more skeletons have been found in Arizona, New Mexico and an as-yet unconfirmed specimen from Utah, including both adults and juveniles, the deposits where Coelophysis has been discovered date from the late Carnian to the early Norian faunal stages of the Triassic Period.

Since deposits constitute part of real money balances, therefore the bank can, in essence, " create " money.

Since the amount of liabilities ( such as deposits ) that a banking institution may have is limited to some multiple of its capital, this regulatory treatment is highly favorable and is why the trust preferred structure is favored by bank holding companies.