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Sipahi ( Ottoman Turkish: Sipahi (); also transliterated as Spahi, Sepahi, and Spakh ; traditionally rendered as Spahia or Spahiu in Albanian and Romanian, Σπαχής in Greek and Spahija-Cyrillic спахиjа, спахия — in Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian and Bulgarian ) was the name of several Ottoman cavalry corps.
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Sipahi and Ottoman
* Sipahi ( Ottoman )
Sipahi refers to all mounted troops other than akıncıs and tribal horsemen in Ottoman army.
Armour of an Ottoman Sipahi 1480-1500
Timarli Sipahi ( timariot ) was the holder of a fief of land ( tîmâr ) granted directly by the Ottoman sultan or with his official permission by beylerbeys.
The right to govern and collect taxes in a timar fief was merely given to a Timarli Sipahi by Ottoman State.
The Sipahi eventually became the largest of the six divisions of the Ottoman cavalry.
Earlier times Silahtar division was accompanied sultan on parades, though The Sipahi division took their place because sons of Ottoman " aristocracy " exclusively joined this regiment.
* The Sipahi is the unique unit for the Ottoman Empire in the computer games Civilization III and Civilization V ( where the game itself was made by Firaxis ), the other unique unit is Janissary.
As well as numerous units of Sipahi, the elite mounted force of the Ottoman cavalry, and thousands of janissaries, the Ottoman army incorporated a contingent of Moldavia and the Serbs.
A timariot ( or tımar holder ; tımarlı in Turkish ) was another name given to the Timarli Sipahi cavalry that served the Ottoman sultan and in return was granted a fief called a timar.
In the Ottoman Empire the term Sipahi was used to refer to elite cavalry troopers.
Disguising himself as a Turkish Sipahi, he infiltrated and destroyed Ottoman camps.
The Imperial infantry held their position, and General Enea Silvio Piccolomini with some of his cavalry regiments successfully counterattacked and stopped the attack of the Ottoman Sipahi cavalry.
Sipahi and Turkish
Kanunname-i Sipahi ( Book of law of Sipahis ), that was written in Mehmed II era, clearly states that every sipahi ( kapıkulu or timarli ) must be of Turkish ancestry.
* Provincial soldiers, which were fiefed ( Turkish Tımarlı ), the most important being Timarli Sipahi ( lit.
Sipahi and ;
* Sipahis are employed by the Turks in Medieval II Total War in three different forms: Sipahis, mounted archers ; Sipahi Lancers, heavy cavalry, and Dismounted Sipahi Lancers, heavy infantry.
Sipahi and was
According to David Nicolle, the number of Janissaries in the 14th century was 1, 000, and estimated to be 6, 000 in 1475, whereas the same source estimates 40, 000 as the number of Timarli Sipahi, the provincial cavalry which constituted the main force of the army.
A tîmâr was the smallest unit of land held by a Sipahi, providing a yearly revenue of no more than 20, 000 akçe, which was between two and four times what a teacher earned.
A tîmâr Sipahi was obliged to provide the army with up to five retainers ( jebelu ), a ziamet Sipahi with up to twenty, and a has Sipahi with far more than twenty.
They were usually sons, brothers or nephews of the Sipahi and their position was probably more similar to squires than men at arms.
The Sipahi division was the most prestigious of six divisions.
If a freeman was promoted to one of Kapikulu Sipahi divisions, he considered automatically switched to kul ( servant ) status.
Equipment of Silahtar, Sipahi and Ulufeci divisions was plated mail, chainmail, round shield, sword, composite bow, arrows, lance, bozdogan mace and axe.
A Sipahi or a sepoy was an infantryman in both the Mughal Empire and the Sultanate of Mysore.
His honesty and energy seem to have made it hard for other officials to work with Köprülü, and he was transferred to the Sipahi ( cavalry ) corps in the provinces.
In 4 January 1657 the household cavalry Sipahi troops in Istanbul started a rebellion and this was cruelly suppressed by Köprülü Mehmed Pasha with the help of Janissary troops.
Sipahi and name
The name Sunamganj is derived from its founder, Sipahi Sunamuddin, who established a bazaar on the bank of the river Surma.
Sipahi and cavalry
Changes in European military tactics and weaponry in the military revolution caused the once-feared Sipahi cavalry to lose military relevance.
Facing the desperate circumstance the king, with experienced Hunyadi fighting and breaking the Sipahi cavalry, decided to gamble and attack the very person of the sultan, protected by the guard cavalry and formidable Janissary infantry.
During the battle, Timarli Sipahi tactics were used, opening the conflict with skirmishes and localized contacts with enemy cavalry.
The Sultan received critical assistance from the loyalist Sipahi cavalry in order to forcefully dismiss the infuriated Janissaries.
Sipahi and corps
He eventually held important offices as head of the market police in Istanbul, supervisor of the imperial arsenal, chief of the Sipahi corps, and head of the corps armorers.
Sipahi and .
Jebelu means armed or armored, and those retainers ( jebelu ) expected to be mounted and fully equipped as Sipahi themselves.
Ottoman and Turkish
Ahmed I ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد اول Aḥmed-i evvel, ) or Ahmed Bakhti ( April 18, 1590 – November 22, 1617 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death in 1617.
Ahmed II Khan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( February 25, 1643 – February 6, 1695 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.
Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).
* 1909 – The Turkish military reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
After the Ottoman conquest of Greece, the Parthenon was used as the garrison headquarters of the Turkish army, and the Erechtheum was turned into the Governor's private Harem.
Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / ` Abdü ’ l -` Azīz ; February 9 / 18, 1830 – June 4, 1876 ) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.
Abdülhamid I, Abdul Hamid I or Abd Al-Hamid I ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد اول ` Abdü ’ l-Ḥamīd-i evvel ), which translates to the Servant of God ( March 20, 1725 – April 7, 1789 ), was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
* Agha ( Ottoman Empire ), Aga, Agha, or Ağa, an Ottoman Turkish military and administrative rank
It was influenced by its non-Slavic neighbors in the Balkan language area ( mostly grammatically ) and later also by Turkish, which was the official language of the Ottoman Empire, in the form of the Ottoman Turkish language, mostly lexically.
As a national revival occurred towards the end of the period of Ottoman rule ( mostly during the 19th century ), a modern Bulgarian literary language gradually emerged which drew heavily on Church Slavonic / Old Bulgarian ( and to some extent on literary Russian, which had preserved many lexical items from Church Slavonic ) and later reduced the number of Turkish and other Balkanic loans.
Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد اول, Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım ( Ottoman: ییلدیرم ), " the Thunderbolt "; 1354 – March 8, 1403 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1389 to 1402.
Bayezid II or Sultân Bayezid-î Velî ( December 3, 1447 – May 26, 1512 ) ( Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد ثانى Bāyezīd-i < u > s </ u > ānī, Turkish: II.
This name was used in Turkish side by side with Kostantiniyye, the more formal adaptation of the original Constantinople, during the period of Ottoman rule, while western languages mostly continued to refer to the city as Constantinople until the early 20th century.
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