Smelting involves more than just melting the metal out of its ore.

Smelting and melting crucibles types started to become more limited in designs which are produced by a few specialists.

Smelting usually takes place at a temperature above the melting point of the metal, but processes vary considerably according to the ore involved and other matters.

* Zwicker U., Greiner H., Hofmann K. & Reithinger M., 1985, Smelting, Refining and Alloying of copper and copper Alloys in Crucible Furnaces During Prehistoric up to Roman Times, P. Craddock & M. Hughes, Furnaces and smelting Technology in Antiquity, British Museum, London

Prairie Plant Systems, based in Saskatoon, used an inactive underground copper / zinc drift owned by the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company to produce approximately 400 kilograms of medicinal marijuana annually.

The factory, Nassau Smelting and Refining, was purchased by Western Electric in the middle 20th century and used principally to recycle copper and other metals from old wires until it was closed late in the century by Lucent.

A new copper smelter and refinery, the Electrolytic Refinery and Smelting Company of Australia, began production in 1908, followed by the opening of Metal Manufactures in 1917 and finally the arrival of the Hoskins Iron and Steel Works in 1927, which became Australian Iron and Steel in 1928.

Smelting operations by another Renco subsidiary, Doe Run Company, are responsible for elevated levels of lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Herculaneum, Missouri, and elevated levels of lead, copper, zinc, and sulfur dioxide in La Oroya, Peru.

Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy ; its main use is to produce a metal from its ore.

-" Midvale, with its American Smelting and Refining Company ( ASARCO ) the United States Smelting, Refining and Mining Company ( USSRM ), attracted numerous Slavs.

From 1906 to 1947 the United States Smelting, Refining and Mining Company was the primary producer here, with output reaching its peak in the 1930s.

* Iron Smelting – the shau shau iron smelting works has about 60 standing shaft furnaces, which are believed to be the largest historical industrial complex of its time in the West Africa Sub-region

Due to the increasingly high cost of investment and the different nature of this area of the business compared to the rest of the company, Heraeus sold its Vacuum Smelting business to Siemens ( now SMS-MEVAC ) in 1933.

Heraeus Vacuum Smelting started operations as an independent company in 1923, producing a variety of base metal alloys for use in electrics.

Besides financing such Eastern railroads as the Pennsylvania and the Louisville & Nashville, he took part in the reorganization of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in 1896-99, and at various times aided the American Smelting & Refining Company ( ASARCO ), the Westinghouse Electric Company, and the Western Union Telegraph Company.

There were also union locals in non-ferrous smelters in New Jersey — in Perth Amboy at the American Smelting and Refining Company ( ASARCO ), and in Carteret at the U. S. Metals Company.

Beginning with Meyer Guggenheim, who arrived in America in 1847, the family were known for their global successes in mining and smelting ( including the American Smelting and Refining Company ).

These farmers were compensated for lost crops as well as for lost production in past years by the Mitsui Mining and Smelting, Toyama Prefecture, and the national government.

The Australian Smelting Company's works were established on Kanahooka Road and employed over 500 men.

Smelting mills were provided with chimneys to dissipate the fumes from the ore hearths.

In 1872 a group of businessmen led by Judge Hiram Bond ( formerly one of the largest brokers on the New York Gold Exchange ), Joseph Miner and Denver Mayor Joseph E. Bates set up a firm Denver Smelting and Refining Works which built an independent complementary plant which processed ore into ingots which were then assayed, weighed and stamped by the Denver Mint.

The first consignment of Broken Hill ore ( 48 tons, 5 cwt, 3grs ) was smelted at the Intercolonial Smelting and Refining Company's works at Spotswood, Melbourne.

Smelting therefore consists of using suitable reducing substances that will combine with those oxidizing elements to free the metal.

A new company was formed, the Consolidated Arizona Smelting Company, which built a giant smelting plant upon the ashes of the Val Verde works.

He also sold land in nearby Selby, which was used by the Selby Smelting & Lead Co.

Tottenville has been the southern terminus of the Staten Island Railway since the railway was extended to the neighborhood on June 2, 1860, and today the three southernmost stations along this railway are generally regarded as part of the community ; besides the terminal station which bears the neighborhood's name ( which is the southernmost railway station in New York state ), the other two are Atlantic ( named after the defunct Atlantic Terra Cotta Co. factory nearby ) and Nassau ( referring to Nassau Smelting and Refining, the original name of the factory later taken over by Lucent Technologies ).

His father Roger Williams Straus, Sr. ( 1891 – 1957 ) grew up in the family that owned Macy ’ s and was chairman of the American Smelting and Refining Co., which was owned by his wife's family.

Smelting involves thermal reactions in which at least one product is a molten phase.

The Crooke Smelting Company was bought out by the National Lead Company, and Crooke sold the remainder of the land to the firm of McNulty and Fitzgerald, which erected bulkheads and filled in the marshes.

For a short time, Heraeus set up an independent division dedicated to this technology, ‘ Heraeus Vacuum Smelting ’, which registered 84 German patents in 10 years.

Smelting furnaces at Taruga dating from the 4th century BC provide the oldest evidence of metalworking in archaeology.

Smelting in bloomery type furnaces in West Africa and forging of tools appeared in the Nok culture in Africa by 500 BC.

Smelting results in an alloy ( pig iron ) containing too much carbon to be called steel.

Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gasses or slag and leaving just the metal behind.

Electric Smelting and Aluminum Company | Cowles Syndicate of Ohio in Stoke-upon-Trent England, late 1880s.

( 2005 ) Technical Ceramics in Early Iron Smelting.

( 2006 ) Iron Smelting Slag Formation at Tell Hammeh ( Az-Zarqa ), Jordan.

The major industrial enterprises are: НГМК ( Navoi Mining and Smelting Complex ) and the Uzbek U. S. A. Joint Venture " Zarafshan-Newmont ".

Smelting rates can be maximized, slag can be produced at the optimum temperature, fuel consumption is minimized and refractory life may also be lengthened.

Smelting iron by Darby was but one small part of this generalised revolution and was soon superseded by the great iron-smelting areas.

The P & E followed along the Agua Fria and built sidings at Cherry Creek Siding ( Dewey Post Office ), and Val Verde, the site of a smelter built by the Val Verde Smelting Company -- a large plant at the site of Humboldt.

Most suggest the community's name comes from an acronym for " Mining and Smelting Company of Tennessee ," while others suggest it was the name of woman's lost cat.

In 1899, American Smelting & Refining Company ( ASARCO ) was organized by combining the Germania and Hanauer smelters.

In 1890 industrialist W. R. Rust established Tacoma Smelting & Refining Company and a company town for his employees, naming the place " Smelter ".