Sociologist William H. Whyte conducted an extensive study of plazas in New York City: his study humanized the way modern urban plazas are conceptualized, and helped usher in significant design changes in the making of plazas.

Sociologist Brian Martin states that sociologists have typically viewed opposition to water fluoridation as irrational, although critics of this position have argued that this rests on an uncritical attitude toward scientific knowledge.

As expressed by German Sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in his study The Present Problems of Social Structure, society can no longer operate successfully using outmoded methods of social management.

Sociologist Kai T. Erikson, son of distinguished psychologist and sociologist Erik Erikson, was called as an expert witness and published a study on the effects of the disaster entitled Everything In Its Path: Destruction of Community in the Buffalo Creek Flood ( 1978 ).

Sociologist Gerhard Lenski differentiates societies based on their level of technology, communication, and economy: ( 1 ) hunters and gatherers, ( 2 ) simple agricultural, ( 3 ) advanced agricultural, ( 4 ) industrial, and ( 5 ) special ( e. g. fishing societies or maritime societies ).

Sociologist Carl L. Bankston has argued that a secular, leftist view of social justice entails viewing the redistribution of goods and resources as based on the rights of disadvantaged categories of people, rather than on compassion or national interest.

Sociologist Edward A. Ross argued that belief systems exert a greater control on human behavior than laws imposed by government, no matter what form the beliefs take.

Sociologist John Carroll described the practice of " booing the Members " as dismissive of any claim to authority or superior social status on the members ' part, although good-natured and based on the egalitarian nature of watching sports.

Based on his original article appearing in the American Sociologist ( The American Sociologist, Vol.

Sociologist Jonathan H. Westover, Ph. D. found that much of the evidence on the effectiveness of microfinance for alleviating poverty is based in anecdotal reports or case studies.

Sociologist Brian Longhurst explains, his work on epistemology represents the height of his early " idealist " phase, and transition to hermeneutic " issues of interpretation within culture ".

Sociologist Jonathan H. Westover says that much of the evidence on the effectiveness of microfinance for alleviating poverty is based in anecdotal reports or case studies.

Sociologist Geoff Dench has stated that Hewitt discourages male involvement in child rearing by questioning " whether we can trust men with children " and she concluded that it would be necessary to adopt the practice of " not leaving men on their own with groups of children ".

Sociologist Max Weber wrote that the state has a " monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force ", or, in Karl Marx's words, the state was only the repressive apparatus of the bourgeois class.

" Sociologist John Theobald argued that instead of providing factual material on the Soviet Union, Hergé depicted the Bolsheviks rigging elections, killing opponents and stealing the grain from the people, all of which was done in order to portray them in a negative light in the minds of his young readers.

Sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild in The Second Shift and The Time Bind presents evidence that in two-career couples, men and women, on average, spend about equal amounts of time working, but women still spend more time on housework.

According to Caribbean Sociologist, Corey Alexander Lane, " The reaction from music is based on the memory induced emotion that some songs create.

H. Freyer, as Philosopher and Sociologist, and the first Bearer of the German professorship for Sociology in Leipzig, keeps the mind that the notion of “ Ideal Type ” is “ a logical peculiarity of historical and cultural cognition ” and “ oversees the contrast of personal and general methods of thinking, on one hand, by defining the logical character in individual, and on the other, by progressing on the way to generalization only till showing the typicalness and not the pure general rule ”.

The British Sociologist David Lockwood argued for a contrast between social content and social transmission in his work on social structure and agency.

His research, focusing on whiteness, critical race theory, race and ethnic relations, social inequality, quantitative research methods, and statistics, has appeared in the journals Social Forces, Social Problems, and The American Sociologist.

Sociologist Lewis Mumford, who often criticized the effect of superhighway construction on contemporary cities, always advised friends traveling up from New York to visit him at his house in Amenia that they should take the Taconic to do so.

Presided over the University for Peace Council and participated on Food Presidential Commission, formerly directed by late Sociologist Herbert " Betinho " de Souza.

Sociologist Phoebe Price posed three possible hypotheses as to why brats are better behaved: firstly, military parents have a lower threshold for misbehavior in their children ; secondly, the mobility of teenagers might make them less likely to attract attention to themselves, as they want to fit in and are less secure with their surroundings ; and thirdly, normative constraints are greater, with brats knowing that their behavior is under scrutiny and can affect the military member ’ s career.

Sociologist Charles Kurzman argues that rather than being indecisive, or sympathetic to the revolution, the Carter administration was consistently supportive of the Shah and urged the Iranian military to stage a " last-resort coup d ' etat " even after the regime's cause was hopeless.

Sociologist Henry Watanabe showed that military and civilian teenagers share the same concerns and desires, but that growing up in a mobile community offers opportunities and experiences generally unavailable to geographically stable families.

Sociologist Richard N. Pitt argues that these organizations are only available to LGBT members of liberal denominations, as opposed to those in conservative denominations.

Sociologist William H. Whyte was among those who saw the tests as helping to create and perpetuate the oppressive groupthink of " The Organization Man " mid-20th century corporate capitalistic mentality.

Sociologist Amy Ryan has argued for the need to differentiate those groups that may be dangerous from groups that are more benign.

Sociologist Roy Wallis commented that this interpretation seemed to be " contradicted by the words on the page, and by actions taken against those regarded as enemies of the movement.

Sociologist Andrew Holden claims his research indicated many Witnesses who would otherwise defect because of disillusionment with the organization and its teachings retain affiliation out of fear of being shunned and losing contact with friends and family members.

Sociologist Susie Scott, in her book Shyness and Society ( 2007 ), is one expert who has sought to challenge the pathological interpretation and treatment of shyness.

Sociologist Louis Wirth defined a minority group as " a group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.

Mention must also be made of the term " Conversational analysis ", which was influenced by the Sociologist Harold Garfinkel who is the founder of Ethnomethodology.

Shyamji Krishnavarma ( Shyamji Krishna Nakhua ) ( 1857 – 1930 ) was an Indian revolutionary, lawyer and journalist who founded the Indian Home Rule Society, India House and The Indian Sociologist in London.

Sociologist W. Phillips Davison, who first articulated the third-person effect hypothesis in 1983, explains that the phenomenon first piqued his interest in 1949 or 1950 upon learning of a Japanese attempt during World War II to dissuade black U. S. soldiers from fighting at Iwo Jima using propaganda.

His involvement with The Indian Sociologist brought him into contact with Har Dayal, who combined anarchism with his Indian Nationalism, based on his view of ancient Aryan culture and Buddhism.

Sociologist David Armor in court testimony and in his book Forced Justice: School Desegregation and the Law ( 1995 ) said that efforts to change the racial compositions of schools had not contributed substantially to academic achievement by minorities.

Sociologist John Theobald noted that by the 1980s, when the book had begun to see widespread publication in the western world, the plot was being " rendered socially and politically acceptable in the climate of the Reaganite repolarisation of the ' Cold War ' and the final push towards the demise of the Soviet Union ".

" Sociologist Simon Frith asserts that the mod subculture had its roots in the 1950s beatnik coffee bar culture, which catered to art school students in the radical bohemian scene in London.

Sociologist Daniel Chirot claims that around 100 million people suffered and at least one million people, and perhaps as many as 20 million, died in the Cultural Revolution.

Dr Neville Yeomans, an Australian Psychiatrist, Clinical Sociologist, Psychologist and Barrister pioneered Self-Help and Mutual Help in Australia through his pioneering work at Australia's first therapeutic community Fraser House ( 1959 – 1968 ), an 80 bed residential unit in North Ryde Sydney ; and former inmates of this unit started many self-help groups around Sydney.

* Sociologist Baruch Kimmerling, ' new historian ,' dies at age 67 Obituary in Haaretz, 21 May 2007

Sociologist Susan J. Palmer said that Cristini, a nurse, diagnosed Vorilhon as clinically depressed after he appeared at her door step in 1987, burnt out from the tasks he carried out within the movement.

* Finlay, Barbara ; Lester Frank Ward as a Sociologist Of Gender: A New Look at His Sociological Work ; Gender & Society, Vol.

Theda Scokpol: American Sociologist and Political Scientist at Harvard University

In 1905 he founded the India House and The Indian Sociologist, which rapidly developed as an organised meeting point for radical nationalists among Indian students in Britain at the time and one of the most prominent centres for revolutionary Indian nationalism outside India.

* Ravi Arvind Palat-Political Economist and Historical Sociologist, State University of New York at Binghamton.

*( 1946 ): A Sociologist Looks at the Community.