* Socratic Puzzles ( 1997 ) ISBN 0-674-81653-6

* Socratic Puzzles

* Reprinted in Nozick, Socratic Puzzles, 1997, ISBN 0-674-81653-6.

However, since the teachers associated with perennialism are in a sense the authors of the Western masterpieces themselves, these teachers may be open to student criticism through the associated Socratic method, which, if carried out as true dialogue, is a balance between students, including the teacher promoting the discussion.

Perennialists believe that reading is to be supplemented with mutual investigations ( between the teacher and the student ) and minimally-directed discussions through the Socratic method in order to develop a historically oriented understanding of concepts.

This is a major goal of the Socratic discussions.

The teaching is Socratic, typically with small classes, and often boasts a lower student-to-teacher ratio than at large universities ; professors teaching classes are allowed to concentrate more on their teaching responsibilities than primary research professors or graduate student teaching assistants, in contrast to the instruction common in universities.

This is in part because of the influence of the definition of knowledge as " justified true belief " often associated with a theory discussed near the end of the Socratic dialogue Theaetetus.

The Socratic method ( also known as method of elenchus, elenctic method, Socratic irony, or Socratic debate ), named after the classical Greek philosopher Socrates, is a form of inquiry and debate between individuals with opposing viewpoints based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas.

The Socratic method is a negative method of hypothesis elimination, in that better hypotheses are found by steadily identifying and eliminating those that lead to contradictions.

Plato famously formalized < nowiki > the </ nowiki > Socratic elenctic style in prose — presenting Socrates as the curious questioner of some prominent Athenian interlocutor — in some of his early dialogues, such as Euthyphro and Ion, and the method is most commonly found within the so-called " Socratic dialogues ", which generally portray Socrates engaging in the method and questioning his fellow citizens about moral and epistemological issues.

The term Socratic questioning is used to describe a kind of questioning in which an original question is responded to as though it were an answer.

Elenchus () is the central technique of the Socratic method.

The essence of the Socratic method is to convince the interlocutor that whereas he thought he knew something, in fact he does not.

It is with this in mind that the Socratic method is employed.

The Parmenides shows Parmenides using the Socratic method to point out the flaws in the Platonic theory of the Forms, as presented by Socrates ; it is not the only dialogue in which theories normally expounded by Plato / Socrates are broken down through dialectic.

; A Socratic Circle ( also known as a Socratic Seminar ): is a pedagogical approach based on the Socratic method and uses a dialogic approach to understand information in a text.

A Socratic Circle is not a debate.

; Socratic Circle texts: A Socratic Circle text is a tangible ( part or whole ) document that creates a thought-provoking discussion.

Memorabilia ( original title in Ancient Greek: Ἀπομνημονεύματα / Apomnemoneumata ) is a collection of Socratic dialogues by Xenophon, a student of Socrates.

The Socratic Movement, Cornell University Press, 1994. collection of essays from a variety of perspectives, many on Xenophon's Socrates.

The Socratic method, named for Socrates and his method of teaching, involves the teacher's keeping the discussion on topic and guiding it away from errors of logic.

His most famous pupil, Arrian, studied under him when a young man ( c. 108 AD ) and claimed to have written the famous Discourses from his lecture notes, though some argue they should be considered an original composition by Arrian, comparable to the Socratic literature.

The literature states that good texts provoke critical thinking and raise important questions if the Socratic text is able to be legitimately considered and discussed from a variety of different perspectives, including perspectives that seem mutually exclusive.

Instead, there are a variety of Socratic texts to choose from and can be divided into two main categories: ( 1 ) Print texts ( e. g. short stories, poems, and essays ) and non-print texts ( e. g. photographs, sculptures, and maps ) or ( 2 ) Subject area which can draw from print or non-print artifacts.

Socratic circles generally start with an open-ended question either by the leader or asked from participants to encourage critical thinking and to develop skills.

A number of American universities and boarding schools employ a system known as the Harkness method, a style of teaching directly derived from the Socratic method.

However, important as this objective is, the principal aim of Socratic activity seems to be to improve the soul of his interlocutors, by freeing them from unrecognized errors.

He describes ideology as rather like teaching philosophy by the Socratic method, but without extending the vocabulary beyond what the general reader already possessed, and without the examples from observation that practical science would require.

We shall see later on that Stoic ethics takes its cue from this Socratic insight.

Already in his Natural Right and History, he defended a Socratic ( Platonic, Ciceronian, Aristotelian ) reading of divinity, distinguishing it from a materialistic, conventionalist, Epicurean reading.

Different techniques may be used by mentors according to the situation and the mindset of the mentee, and the techniques used in modern organizations can be found in ancient education systems, from the Socratic technique of harvesting to the accompaniment method of learning used in the apprenticeship of itinerant cathedral builders during the Middle Ages.

His Pantheisticon, sive formula celebrandae sodalitatis socraticae ( Pantheisticon, or the Form of Celebrating the Socratic Society ), of which he printed a few copies for private circulation only, gave great offence as a sort of liturgic service made up of passages from pagan authors, in imitation of the Church of England liturgy.

However, Socratic method for critical thinking skills can become confusing if an instructor or leader uses the method too rigidly, the student may not know what the instructor or leader wants from him.

McLaughlin's role often resembles a professorial figure, asking follow-up questions and trying to elicit further responses from a panelist who thinks he or she has fully answered the question, as if McLaughlin were conducting a Socratic class at a university.

All that is known of Polus derives from the Socratic dialogues of Plato, which suggests he was an associate of Socrates.

Some other artists, authors and works published in transition included Samuel Beckett ( Assumption, For Future Reference ), Kay Boyle ( Dedicated to Guy Urquhart ), H. D. ( Gift, Psyche, Dream, No, Socratic ), Max Ernst ( Jeune Filles en des Belles Poses, The Virgin Corrects the Child Jesus before Three Witnesses ), Stuart Gilbert ( The Aeolus Episode in Ulysses, Function of Words, Joyce Thesaurus Minusculus ), Juan Gris ( Still Life ), Ernest Hemingway ( Three Stories, Hills like White Elephants ), Franz Kafka ( The Metamorphosis ), Alfred Kreymborg ( from: Manhattan Anthology ), Pablo Picasso ( Petite Fille Lisant ), Muriel Rukeyser ( Lover as Fox ), Gertrude Stein ( An Elucidation, The Life and Death of Juan Gris, Tender Buttons, Made a Mile Away ), William Carlos Williams ( The Dead Baby, The Somnambulists, A Note on the Recent Work of James Joyce, Winter, Improvisations, A Voyage to Paraguay ).

Generally, the works which are most often assigned to Plato's early years are all considered to be Socratic dialogues ( written from 399 to 387 ), but many of his Middle dialogues ( written from 387 to 361, after the establishment of his Academy ), and Later dialogues ( written in the period between 361 and his death in 347 ) incorporate Socrates ' character and are often included here as well.

" Also Bakhtin derivates carnival and the carnivalization of literature from the reign of the “ Serio-comical ” with the examples of Socratic dialogs and Menippean satire.

* The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault ( 1998 )

* The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault: University of California Press ( 2000 )

One of the school's most distinguishing features is the Frederick M. Supper Honors Program, which places students in a Socratic dialogue regarding primary texts from all the major historical epochs: all supplemented with a Christian perspective.