Some home sewage treatment systems use biological treatment, usually beds of plants and aquaria, that absorb nutrients and bacteria and convert greywater and sewage to clear water.

Some strains of bacteria with an integrated F-plasmid can be isolated and grown in pure culture.

Some examples are in improving crop technology ( not a medical application per se ; see BioSystems Engineering ), the manufacture of synthetic human insulin through the use of modified bacteria, the manufacture of erythropoietin in hamster ovary cells, and the production of new types of experimental mice such as the oncomouse ( cancer mouse ) for research.

Some hypothesize that large quantities of wood were buried during this period because animals and decomposing bacteria had not yet evolved that could effectively digest the new lignin.

Some bacteria, such as E. coli, have several flagella per cell ( 4 – 10 typically ).

Some soil bacteria use organic nitrogen-containing compounds as a source of carbon, and release ammonium ions into the soil.

Some lactic acid bacteria manufacture nisin.

Some species form extraordinarily resilient spores, but for bacteria this is a mechanism for survival, not reproduction.

Some prokaryotes, including many archaea and the bacterial order Actinomycetales also share homologs of the 20S proteasome, whereas most bacteria possess heat shock genes hslV and hslU, whose gene products are a multimeric protease arranged in a two-layered ring and an ATPase.

Some bacteria use conjugation to transfer genetic material between cells ; while not the same as sexual reproduction, this also results in the mixture of genetic traits.

Some brands of nutritional yeast, though not all, are fortified with vitamin B < sub > 12 </ sub >, which is produced separately by bacteria.

Some specialise in the liquid in pitchers of particular species of pitcher plants, their larvae feeding on decaying insects that had drowned there or on the associated bacteria ; the harmless genus Wyeomyia provides such examples — Wyeomyia smithii breeds only in the pitchers of Sarracenia purpurea.

Some acetic acid bacteria, a notable one being Acetobacter xylinum, are known to synthesize cellulose, something normally done only by plants.

Some classes of bacteria can turn into exospores, also known as microbial cysts, instead of endospores.

Some biochemical processes, like the activity of bacteria, can affect minerals in a rock and are therefore seen as part of diagenesis.

Some researchers believe the total biomass of bacteria exceeds that of all plants and animals.

Some have even suggested that it is useful, if not vital, in the establishment of healthy bacteria within the digestive tract, addressing the problems presented by Crohn's Disease and Leaky Gut Syndrome.

Some fixation occurs in lightning strikes, but most fixation is done by free-living or symbiotic bacteria.

Some nitrogen fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium, live in the root nodules of legumes ( such as peas or beans ).

* Some proteins encoded in the nucleus are transported to the organelle, and both mitochondria and plastids have small genomes compared to bacteria.

Some microorganisms – for example, bacteria of the genus Shigella – secrete substances known as cytotoxins, which kill and damage intestinal tissue on contact.

Some types of soluble fiber absorb water to become a gelatinous, viscous substance and is fermented by bacteria in the digestive tract.

Some largely unicellular anaerobic microbes are protists, but most of the anaerobic microbes are bacteria or Archaea.

Some anaerobic bacteria produce toxins ( e. g., tetanus )

Some lichens have the aspect of leaves ( foliose lichens ); others cover the substrate like a crust ( crustose lichens ) ( illustration, right ), others such as the genus Ramalina adopt shrubby forms ( fruticose lichens ), and there are gelatinous lichens such as the genus Collema.

Some ground-dwelling lichens, such as members of the subgenus Cladina ( reindeer lichens ), however, produce allelopathic chemicals which leach into the soil and inhibit the germination of plant seeds and growth of young plants.

Some lichens, like Lobaria pulmonaria, are sensitive to air pollution.

Some species of green algae, particularly of genera Trebouxia and Pseudotrebouxia ( Trebouxiophyceae ), can be found in symbiotic associations with fungi to form lichens.

Some associate with fungi as lichens, with liverworts, with a fern, and with a cycad.

Some lichens contain both green algae and cyanobacteria.

Some study all aspects of plant life, including algae, fungi, lichens, mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants ; others specialize in areas such as identification and classification of plants, the structure and function of plant parts, the biochemistry of plant processes, the causes and cures of plant diseases, the interaction of plants with other organisms and the environment, the geological record of plants and their evolution.

Some of the amoebae become spores to begin the next generation, but some of the amoebae sacrifice themselves to become a dead stalk, lifting the spores up into the air.

Some bryophytes, most lycophytes, and some ferns are heterosporous ( two kinds of spores are produced ).

Some filamentous colonies show the ability to differentiate into several different cell types: vegetative cells, the normal, photosynthetic cells that are formed under favorable growing conditions ; akinetes, the climate-resistant spores that may form when environmental conditions become harsh ; and thick-walled heterocysts, which contain the enzyme nitrogenase, vital for nitrogen fixation.

Some also kill fungi ( fungicidal ), bacterial spores ( sporicidal ) and / or viruses ( virucidal ).

Some zygomycetes disperse their spores in a more precise manner than simply allowing them to drift aimlessly on air currents.

Some studies indicate that bracken consumption and spores are correlated with incidence of stomach cancer, though causality has yet to be established.

Some species of thrips feed on other insects or mites and are considered beneficial, while some feed on fungal spores or pollen.

Some of the possible animal embryos are in an early stage of cellular division ( that was first interpreted as spores or algal cells ), including eggs and embryos which are most probably of sponges or cnidarians, as well as adult sponges and a variety of adult cnidarians.

Some dispersed, fragmentary fossils of disputed affinity, primarily spores and cuticles, have been found in rocks from the Ordovician Period in Oman, and are thought to derive from liverwort-or moss-grade fossil plants ().

Some species of Amanita look similar, but Amanita has white spores and often have a ring.

Some scientists believe that spores blew in from the tropics.

Some cheeses may be deliberately left to ferment from naturally airborne spores and bacteria ; this generally leads to a less consistent product but one that is highly valuable in a niche market for exactly that reason, no two are ever quite the same.

Some blue cheeses are injected with spores before the curds form and others have spores mixed in with the curds after they form.

Some strains form short chains of spores on substrate hyphae.

Some basidiospores germinate repetitively by forming small spores instead of hyphae.