According to the Soviet archeologist Mikhail Artamonov, remains of a large town have been found deep in the woods along the lower Terek.

* 1991 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union, August Coup: Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is placed under house arrest while on holiday in the town of Foros, Ukraine.

* 1989 – Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in Havana, Cuba to meet with Fidel Castro in an attempt to mend strained relations.

* 1991 – Collapse of the Soviet Union – Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.

* 1985 – Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev declares a moratorium on the deployment of middle-range missiles in Europe.

Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union was able to depose Karmal and replace him with Mohammad Najibullah.

Later, Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, one of the most prominent officers of the Red Army of the Soviet Union during the inter-war years, developed the concept of deep operations from his experiences of the Polish-Soviet War.

According to Pasternak, during the 1937 show trial of General Iona Yakir and Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, the Union of Soviet Writers requested all members to add their names to a statement supporting the death penalty for the defendants.

The Brezhnev Doctrine stayed in effect until it was finally ended with the Soviet non-invasion of Poland during the 1980-1981 crisis and later refusal of Mikhail Gorbachev to use military force when Poland held free elections in 1989 and Solidarity defeated the Communist Party.

Allied with a number of Chinese Communists and advised by Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin, Wang declared the National Government as having moved to Wuhan.

Chiang allowed for the " escape " of Soviet agent and advisor Mikhail Borodin and Soviet military officer Vasily Blücher ( Galens ) to safety after the purge.

From then on, until the ascension of Mikhail Gorbachev, the Central Committee played a minor role in the running of the party and state – the Politburo was the highest political organ in the Soviet Union.

From 1966 to 1976, Alexei Kosygin, Podgorny and Mikhail Suslov, all leading officials, attended a Central Committee meeting once ; it was in 1973 to ratify the Soviet Union's treaty with West Germany.

Greater political and social freedoms, instituted by the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, created an atmosphere of open criticism of the communist regime.

His most significant legacy to the Soviet Union was his discovery and promotion of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Following the death of terminally ill Konstantin Chernenko, the Politburo elected Mikhail Gorbachev to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU ) in March 1985, marking the rise of a new generation of leadership.

* 1986 – Revolt in Kazakhstan against Communist Party of Kazakhstan, known as Zheltoksan, which becomes the first sign of ethnic strife during Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev's tenure

* 1989 – Cold War: In a meeting off the coast of Malta, US President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev release statements indicating that the cold war between Nato and The Soviet Union may be coming to an end.

* 1949 – Mikhail Boyarsky, Soviet / Russian actor and singer

Only after the ascendancy of Mikhail Gorbachev to Soviet leadership in 1985 did mass media in Finland gradually begin to criticize the Soviet Union more.

Soviet engineer Mikhail Kalashnikov quickly adapted the German concept, using a less-powerful 7. 62 × 39mm cartridge derived from the standard 7. 62 × 54mmR Russian battle rifle round, to produce the AK-47, which has become the world's most widely used assault rifle.

Mikhail Illarionovich Artamonov (; in the village of Vygolovo, Tver guberniya, now Tver Oblast-July 31, 1972 in Leningrad ) was a Soviet historian and archaeologist, who came to be recognized as the founding father of modern Khazar studies.

* Alexei Artamonov ( 1916 – 1941 ), Soviet pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union

* Mikhail Artamonov ( 1898 – 1972 ), Soviet historian and archaeologist

* Nikolay Artamonov ( 1906 – 1965 ), Soviet rocket scientist

After this essay was circulated in samizdat and then published outside the Soviet Union ( initially on July 6, 1968, in the Dutch newspaper Het Parool through intermediary of the Dutch academic and writer Karel van het Reve, followed by The New York Times ), Sakharov was banned from all military-related research and returned to FIAN to study fundamental theoretical physics.

The Soviet Union, anticipating a communist victory in the Italian polls, initially supported returning Eritrea to Italy under trusteeship or as a colony.

Some < sup > 238 </ sup > U atoms, however, could absorb another two neutrons ( for a total of 17 ), resulting in < sup > 255 </ sup > Es, as well as in the < sup > 255 </ sup > Fm isotope of another new element, fermium .< ref >< sup > 254 </ sup > Es, < sup > 254 </ sup > Fm and < sup > 253 </ sup > Fm would not be produced because of lack of beta decay in < sup > 254 </ sup > Cf and < sup > 253 </ sup > Es </ ref > The discovery of the new elements and the associated new data on multiple neutron capture were initially kept secret on the orders of the U. S. military until 1955 due to Cold War tensions and competition with Soviet Union in nuclear technologies.

The East Pakistan initially allied with Soviet Union where the tendency of communism was far more greater than the West.

It was not initially realized that espionage was being committed, but due to multiple wartime Soviet use of one-time pad ciphers, which are normally unbreakable, redundancies were created, enabling some intercepts to be decoded, which established the espionage.

Soviet power was initially established in the region in 1918, and in 1924, the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast was created within the Russian SFSR.

A former U. S. Marine who had defected to the Soviet Union between October 1959 and June 1962, Oswald was initially arrested for the murder of police officer J. D. Tippit, on a Dallas street approximately 40 minutes after Kennedy was shot.

Soviet Russia was also initially excluded, as communist views were not welcomed by the victors of the war.

The true cause and time of her death was not made public until 2002 ; instead, it was widely reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six, or as the Soviet government initially claimed, she was euthanised prior to oxygen depletion.

The rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis in Germany in 1933 resulted in the Soviet Union initially terminating the political connections it previously had established with Germany in the 1920s and Stalin turned to accommodate Czechoslovakia and the West against Hitler.

The war brought the threat of physical disintegration of the Soviet Union, as German forces were initially welcomed as liberators by many Belarussians, Georgians, and Ukrainians.

Soviet forces initially faced disastrous losses from 1941 to 1942.

U. S. President Carter initially hoped that continued American aid to the new government would keep the Sandinistas from forming a doctrinaire Marxist-Leninist government aligned with the Soviet bloc, but the Carter administration allotted the Sandinistas minimal funding to start them off, and the Sandinistas resolutely turned away from the U. S., investing Cuban and East European assistance into a new army of 75, 000.

The governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU ) was the Party Congress which initially met annually but whose meetings became less frequent, particularly under Joseph Stalin.

The concept of " mutual aerial observation " was initially proposed to Soviet Premier Nikolai Bulganin at the Geneva Conference of 1955 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower ; however, the Soviets promptly rejected the concept and it lay dormant for several years.

For example, Mikhail Gorbachev initially did not hold the presidency of the Soviet Union, that office being given as an honour to former Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko.

The Soviet Air Force, though equipped with relatively modern aircraft, initially performed poorly against the Luftwaffe.

The CIS states also agreed that Russia initially would take over Soviet embassies and other properties abroad.

One irony of the ' Sputnik " event was the initially low-key response of the Soviet Union.

Like other parts of SDI, the sensor system initially was very large-scale, but after the Soviet threat diminished it was cut back.

The only exception was the Soviet Union, who initially refused to supply Iraq on the basis of neutrality in the conflict, although in his memoirs, Mikhail Gorbachev claimed that Leonid Brezhnev refused to aid Saddam over infuriation of Saddam's treatment of Iraqi communists.

Although initially beginning with the idea that Soviet capitalism differed little from western capitalism, they later began to argue that the bureaucracy held its property in common, much like the Catholic Church's.

The reality was that a " Warsaw "- type pact had been in existence since 1945, when Soviet forces initially occupied Eastern Europe, and maintained there after the war.

Many Poles initially hated the building because they considered it to be a symbol of Soviet domination, and at least some of that negative feeling persists today.