Both Finnish and Soviet troops at the Finnish front dug to defensive positions, and the front remains stable until the end of the war.

These interventions were meant to put an end to democratic liberalization efforts and uprisings that had the potential to compromise Soviet hegemony inside the Eastern bloc, which was considered by the Soviets to be an essential defensive and strategic buffer in case hostilities with NATO were to break out.

On September 7, Soviet Ambassador to the United States Anatoly Dobrynin assured United States Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai Stevenson that the USSR was supplying only defensive weapons to Cuba.

On October 18, President Kennedy met with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko, who claimed the weapons were for defensive purposes only.

This " long-term strategic offensive ," which " contrasts with the essentially reactive and defensive strategy of " containment ", accelerated the fall of the Soviet Union by encouraging it to overextend its economic base.

However this theory ignores the fact that the Soviet Union had already suffered several important setbacks during “ reactive and defensive strategy ” of “ containment ”.

Contrary to America's policy which restrained armament ( limited equipment was provided for infantry and police forces ) to South Korea, Stalin extensively armed Kim Il Sung's North Korean army and air forces with military equipment ( to include T-34 / 85 tanks ) and " advisors " far in excess of those required for defensive purposes ) in order to facilitate Kim's ( a former Soviet Officer ) aim of conquering the rest of the Korean peninsula.

In December 1942, during a meeting with the Italian Foreign Minister Count Galeazzo Ciano, who brought a message from Mussolini asking for the Germans to go on the defensive in the Soviet Union in order to focus on North Africa, Ribbentrop joined with Hitler in belittling Italy's war effort.

He insisted that his control of Eastern Europe was a defensive measure against possible future attacks and believed that it was a legitimate sphere of Soviet influence.

This stands in sharp contrast to the 1980s, before the fall of the Soviet Union, when Sweden could gather up to 800, 000 men when total mobilization had been declared ; but the importance placed on defensive spending during the Cold War is perhaps best reflected by the fact that Sweden in the late 1950s ran the world's fourth-largest air force.

The first salvo of the Soviet nuclear attack on the central United States ( as shown from the point of view of the residents of Kansas and western Missouri ) occurs at 3: 38 p. m. Central Daylight Time when a large-yield nuclear weapon is air burst at a high altitude over Kansas City, Missouri, in order to generate an electromagnetic pulse and disable any defensive weapons covering the nearby Minuteman III missile silos of Whiteman AFB.

Despite Finnish resistance, a peace treaty was signed in March 1940, wherein Finland ceded some key territory to the Soviet Union, including the Karelian Isthmus, containing Finland's second-largest city, Viipuri, and the critical defensive structure of the Mannerheim Line.

While serving in the White House, Brzezinski emphasized the centrality of human rights as a means of placing the Soviet Union on the ideological defensive.

The Heritage Foundation's Michael Johns wrote that U. S. support for the mujahideen would not only place the Soviets on the defensive in Afghanistan but would also dispel the global perception that other Soviet military conquests around the world were irreversible.

Although the defensive wall was never completed the Wall's existence has served to explain away concerns of the Soviet Union for why the Second Front was not opened until June 6, 1944 ( less than a year before the end of the war in Europe ).

This word is apparently used as the name of a reactive or defensive squadron in Soviet military training, and, just like the Soyuz 5, it was constructed and its crew was trained to be the responsive ( not entirely passive ) or female spacecraft in its docking.

The most successful Soviet use of snipers during the second world war were during their defensive stages of the war ( 1941 – 1943 ), after which the advantage of defense shifted to the German side and German snipers became a real danger to the advancing Soviets.

A number of defensive lines crossed the isthmus during the Soviet-Finnish hostilities in World War II, such as Mannerheim Line, VKT-line, VT-line, Main line ( Finnish ) and KaUR ( Soviet ), and fronts moved back and forth over it.

A notable exception to this rule was seen in the defensive lines at the Battle of Kursk during World War II, where German forces deliberately attacked into the strongest part of the Soviet defences seeking to crush them utterly.

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War put practically all Leftist parties in Europe on the defensive, and made neoliberal reforms the order of the day, many Eurocommunist parties split, with the Right factions ( such as Democratici di Sinistra or Iniciativa per Catalunya ) adopting social democracy more whole-heartedly, while the Left strove to preserve some identifiably Communist positions ( Partito della Rifondazione Comunista or PSUC viu / Communist Party of Spain ).

Despite the commands issuing from the Führerbunker, by April 25 the Soviets had consolidated their investment of Berlin, and leading Soviet units were probing and penetrating the S-Bahn defensive ring.

The VVS soon learned that established Soviet air defence procedures derived from the Spanish Civil War, such as forming defensive circles when attacked, did not work well against the Finns, who employed dive-and-zoom tactics to shoot down their Soviet opponents in great numbers.

The main reason for the large aircraft losses in the initial period of war with Germany was not the lack of modern tactics, but the lack of experienced pilots and ground support crews, the destruction of many aircraft on the runways due to command failure to disperse them, and the rapid advance of the Wehrmacht ground troops, forcing the Soviet pilots on the defensive during Operation Barbarossa, while being confronted with more modern German aircraft.

The tactics of guerrilla warfare were used successfully in the 20th century by — among others — the Soviet partisans and the Polish Home Army and the OSS in Burma in World War II ; Mao Zedong and the People's Liberation Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War.

It did not prevent the German army from conquering Poland in a matter of weeks with its innovative Blitzkrieg tactics and helped by the Soviet Union's attack on Poland.

Soviet organization led to different tactics between the " light " and " heavy " varieties of mechanized infantry.

From their ranks, using Soviet advisers and equipment, Kim constructed a large army skilled in infiltration tactics and guerrilla warfare.

In response, the Mujahideen prepared dug-in firing positions with top cover, and again, Soviet forces altered their tactics by using air-dropped fuel-air bombs on such landing zones.

Blitzkrieg style tactics were used by several nations throughout World War II, predominantly by the Germans in the invasion of Poland, Western Europe and the Soviet Union.

In 1951, the Psychological Strategy Board ( PSB ), made up of the deputies at State and Defense and the Director of Central Intelligence, was created to coordinate the response to Soviet unconventional Cold War tactics.

Most notably the CIA donated FIM-92 Stinger anti-aircraft missile systems, which caused notable changes to Soviet tactics.

The 87th maintained four T-33 aircraft to provide target support for the squadron interceptors, simulating Soviet bomber tactics.

Up until the end of the Cold War, determining realistic orders of battle was generally an orderly but extremely frustrating process for NATO because although the Warsaw Pact nations had well known doctrines, tactics, techniques and procedures, in actuality, the characteristics of Soviet forces fluctuated often, significantly, and changes often went undetected for years at below-division levels.

In an early example of a proxy war, both sides quickly received support from other countries, most notably the Soviet Union and Germany, who wanted to test their tactics and equipment.

Air Force F-86 Sabre jets took control of the skies, as American fighter pilots bested Soviet-built MiG-15 fighters in combat against aircraft, Soviet tactics, and, on some occasions, Soviet pilots.

Chennault preached a radically different approach to air combat based on his study of Japanese tactics and equipment, his observation of the tactics used by Soviet pilots in China, and his judgment of the strengths and weaknesses of his own aircraft and pilots.

The use of scare tactics about the Soviet Union led to tens of thousands leaving.

In the winter of 1927, Liu was sent to the Soviet Union by the CPC to study military strategies and tactics.

As a result off these tactics, the Finnish Air Force managed to shoot down 218 Soviet aircraft during the Winter War while losing only 47 to enemy fire.

To counter these tactics, Soviet sub-machine gunners rode the tanks and sprayed every doorway and window, but this meant the tank could not traverse its turret quickly.

Using these tactics, the ISU-152 became greatly feared by German heavy tank commanders, robbing them of their prior sense of invulnerability to Soviet guns and forcing them to commit their forces more cautiously and sparingly.

Back in Japan, he began to analyze Soviet tactics at Nomonhan, where Japanese forces were defeated, proposing counter-strategies to be adopted by the Army.