Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states.

The prevailing opinion of many scholars outside the Soviet Union is that Stalin intended to use the resulting doctors ' trial to launch a massive party purge.

Because of the manner in which the head of the Soviet project, Lavrenti Beria, used foreign intelligence ( as a third-party check, rather than giving it directly to the scientists, as he did not trust the information by default ) it is unknown whether Fuchs's fission information had a substantial effect ( and considering that the pace of the Soviet program was set primarily by the amount of uranium they could procure, it is hard for scholars to accurately judge how much time this saved the Soviets ).

Most scholars have agreed with the assessment made by Hans Bethe in 1952, which concluded that by the time Fuchs left the thermonuclear program — the summer of 1946 — there was too little known about the mechanism of the hydrogen bomb for his information to be of any necessary use to the Soviet Union ( the successful Teller-Ulam design was not discovered until 1951 ).

Some scholars believe that, from the very beginning of the Tripartite negotiations between the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and France, it was clear that the Soviet position required the other parties to agree to a Soviet occupation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, as well as for Finland be included in the Soviet sphere of influence.

In the Historiography of the Cold War, a controversy over negationist historical revisionism exists, where numerous revisionist scholars in the West have been accused of whitewashing the crimes of Stalinism, overlooking the Katyn massacre in Poland and disregarding the validity of the Venona messages with regards to Soviet espionage in the United States.

Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis ' systematic murder of millions of people in other groups, including ethnic Poles, the Romani, Soviet civilians, Soviet prisoners of war, people with disabilities, gay men, and political and religious opponents.

The official account has been put to question by foreign scholars, who have raised doubts over Lin's choice of the Soviet Union as a destination, the plane's route, the identity of the passengers, and whether or not a coup was actually taking place.

Dmitry Likhachev and other Soviet scholars partly revisited his findings.

Soviet scholars set the divergence between Ukrainian and Russian only at later time periods ( 14th through 16th centuries ).

Some scholars outside the Soviet Union agree with what Nikita Khrushchev said in his " Secret Speech ": Joseph Stalin intended to use the resulting doctors ' trial to launch a massive party purge .< ref >" Doctors ’ Plot.

The archive was moved to Germany, and a significant part of it eventually ended up in the United States, providing Western scholars and intelligence specialists with unique information on the local workings of the Soviet government during its first two decades.

Attempts have been made by Soviet scholars to establish a relationship with either Burushaski or the Sino-Tibetan languages, and it frequently forms part of the Dene – Caucasian hypothesis.

Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states.

The Freie Universität Berlin was founded by students and scholars on December 4, 1948, with the support of the American Allies and Berlin politicians as a response to the persecution of students critical of the system at Humboldt University in the Soviet sector of the divided city of Berlin.

Indeed, most German scholars have rejected the slogan as mere Panslav ( or later, Soviet ) agitation against Germany.

As the Soviet-Romanian relations reached an all-time low in the mid-1960s, Soviet scholars published historical papers on the " Struggle of Unification of Bessarabia with the Soviet motherland " ( Artiom Lazarev ) and the " Development of the Moldovan language " ( Nicolae Corlăţeanu ).

Some time ago, however, Mr. Khrushchev decided that when bigger bombs were made, the Soviet Union would make them.

Mongi Slim of Tunisia and Frederick Boland of Ireland were early favorites in the running, but France didn't like the former and the Soviet Union would have none of the latter.

If the new Soviet series has followed the general pattern of previous Russian tests, the shots were roughly half fission and half fusion, meaning a fission yield of 30 to 40 megatons thus far.

He and other Soviet leaders responsible for the document were proud of having brought forward some new formulas, such as the early replacement of the dictatorship of the proletariat by an `` All People's State '', and also of having laid down the lines for a much greater `` democratization '' of the whole hierarchy of Soviets, starting with the Supreme Soviet itself.

We were to discover, in fact, that quite a number of people share with us the impression that, in contrast to other Soviet regions, Moscow's atmosphere is depressingly subdued and official.

Suppose, he says, that the tables were turned, and we were in the Soviets' position: `` There would be more than 2,000 modern Soviet fighters, all better than ours, stationed at 250 bases in Mexico and the Caribbean.

The Pathet Lao, stiffened by Communist Veterans from neighboring North Viet Nam, were supplied by Soviet aircraft.

The episode tended to confirm the U. S. belief that propaganda, the hope of one-sided concessions, and the chance to split the Allies, rather than genuine negotiation, were the Soviet leader's real aims in summitry.

After the Revolution of 1917, views expressed by anthropologists in the USSR, and later the Soviet Bloc countries, were highly shaped by the requirement to conform to Marxist theories of social evolution.

Newly independent Armenia needed the income from foreign sales of Nairit rubber and chemical products, many of which had been assigned exclusively to that plant under the Soviet system and were still unavailable elsewhere to the former Soviet republics in the early 1990s.

Under Soviet rule, both the villages were forced to disband and residents were moved to the Russian dominated Zaporozhye rural settlement in Ust-Bolsheretsky Raion.

During the Soviet times, people with Ainu surnames were sent to gulags and labor camps, as they were often mistaken for the Japanese.

These studies were performed mainly in the former Soviet Union, at the Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Republic of Georgia.

In the Dymshits – Kuznetsov hijacking affair on 15 June 1970, a group of Soviet refuseniks attempted to hijack a civilian aircraft in order to escape to the West, were caught and spent many years in Soviet prisons.

Post-war, specialised designs were built, culminating in the Soviet BTR-60 and US M113.

The reforms and the PDPA's affinity to the Soviet Union were met with heavy resistance among the population, especially as the government attempted to enforce its Marxist policies by arresting or simply executing those who resisted.

Assault guns were primarily used during World War II by the forces of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union and the United States were the most attracted to the idea of providing this capability to traditionally light airborne forces.

Their answers to the problem were similar, with the United States developing the M56 Scorpion and the Soviet Union developing the ASU-57, both essentially air-droppable light anti-tank guns.

It represented a powerful branch of communism that existed in opposition to the Soviet Union's " Marxist revisionism ".

The dispute between Ordzhonikidze and Molotov, who represented the Soviet leadership, was settled by the establishment of a Congress Commission, which consisted of Stalin, Molotov, Ordzhonikidze, other Politburo members and certain economic experts.

The 1936 Constitution also split the Soviets into two legislatures, the Soviet of the Union – representing electoral districts, and the Soviet of the Nationalities – that represented the ethnic makeup of the country as a whole.

Up to this time, North Korean politics were represented by four factions: the Yan ' an faction made up of returnees from China, the Soviet Koreans, native Korean communists, and Kim's own group, those who had fought guerrilla actions against Japan in the 1930s and 1940s.

Bukharin then represented the Moscow Soviet in their report to the revolutionary government in Petrograd.

A test Soviet connection to Austria in 1982 existed, in 1982 and 1983 there were series of " world computer conferences " at VNIIPAS initiated by the U. N. where USSR was represented by a team of scientists from many Soviet Republics headed by biochemist Anatoly Klyosov ; the other participating countries were UK, USA, Canada, Sweden, FRG, GDR, Italy, Finland, Philippines, Guatemala, Japan, Thailand, Luxembourg, Denmark, Brazil and New Zealand.

The term Third World arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either capitalism and NATO ( which along with its allies represented the First World ), or communism and the Soviet Union ( which along with its allies represented the Second World ).

In a clear allusion to the United States ( represented by A-Io ) and the Soviet Union ( represented by Thu ), one has a capitalist economy and patriarchal system and the other is an authoritarian system that claims to rule in the name of the proletariat.

The characterization demeaned the Soviet Union and angered Soviet leaders ; it represented the rhetorical side of the escalation of the Cold War.

In several following episodes of the original series that were intended as allegories to the then-current Cold War tensions, the Federation took on the role resembling the United States while the Klingons represented the Soviet Union.

The Tashkent Soviet of Soldiers ' and Workers ' Deputies was soon set up, but primarily represented Russian residents, who made up about a fifth of the Tashkent population.

He represented the Soviet Union at the San Francisco Conference, which created the United Nations.

Molotov, an old-guard Stalinist, seemed increasingly out of place in this new environment, but he represented the Soviet Union at the Geneva Conference of 1955.

Overall, the Soviet attack represented a defeat for Masood's forces, who lost 600 fighters killed and wounded.

Following the success of the Salyut programme, Mir represented the next stage in the Soviet Union's space station programme.

According to communist ideologists, the Soviet political system was a true democracy, where workers ' councils (" soviets ") represented the will of the working class.

Johns and Heritage also argued that Mengistu's decision to permit a Soviet naval and air presence on the Red Sea ports of Eritrea represented a strategic challenge to U. S. security interests in the Middle East and North Africa.

The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference, held February 4 – 11, 1945, was the wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin, respectively, for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization.