The defeat of the British invasions of the Río de la Plata in South America ( 1806 and 1807 ) emboldened an independent attitude in Spain's American colonies.

Spain's military options were highly limited, yet the Ottoman defeat before Vienna on 12 September had emboldened them.

During the Spanish-American war of 1898, Cámara's Flying Relief Column was a naval task force of Spain's most powerful warships, under the command of Rear Admiral Manuel de la Cámara, to relieve Spanish forces in Manila after the defeat of Spanish Pacific Squadron under Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón by the American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey in the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.

The movement was at its strongest in the 1830s but had a revival following Spain's defeat in the Spanish-American War in 1898, when Spain lost its last remaining significant colonies, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

* 1998: Andoni Zubizarreta, Spain's goalkeeper, scored an own goal during Spain's 1998 FIFA World Cup defeat to Nigeria by deflecting a cross into his own net.

Growing opposition was first apparent, above all in Catalonia, after Spain's defeat in the Spanish-American War.

On October 21 the French and Spanish fleets suffered a humiliating defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar, ending Spain's last hopes to be a world power.

One of Spain's best and most famous armies had suffered total defeat on the battlefield.

He came on as a substitute on 61 minutes in Spain's opening World Cup game on 16 June, a 1 – 0 defeat to Switzerland.

In Spain's 1 – 0 group stage defeat to Switzerland, just before Gelson Fernandes scored the only goal of the game, Swiss striker Eren Derdiyok tumbled over Spain goalkeeper Iker Casillas and accidentally kicked Piqué in the face, knocking him over and leaving him with a nasty cut beside his right eye.

He was sent off after 60 minutes of the famous 1 – 0 win over Spain in Valencia, for the offence of shoving Spain's José Antonio Camacho, but returned for Northern Ireland's final match, the 4 – 1 defeat by France in Madrid.

The defeat of the Spanish Armada essentially marked the end of Spain's dominace in the New World and sea lanes as overall control of the high seas well into the 17th century.

This " English Armada ", was thus an unsuccessful attempt to follow the defeat of the Spanish Armada and bring the war to the ports of Spain's northern coast and to Lisbon.

Only in the 18th century did a steady economic and demographic growth begin, an effect of the reforms by Spain's Bourbon dynasty and a more stable situation along the frontier.

On May 25, 1577, King Philip II of Spain ordered by royal cédula the preparation of a general description of Spain's holdings in the Indies.

Cartier was followed by nobleman Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts who was accompanied by explorer / cartographer Samuel de Champlain in a 1604 expedition where they established the second permanent European settlement in North America, following Spain's settlement at St. Augustine.

La Fontaine's model was subsequently emulated by England's John Gay ( 1685 – 1732 ); Poland's Ignacy Krasicki ( 1735 – 1801 ); Italy's Lorenzo Pignotti ( 1739 – 1812 ) and Giovanni Gherardo de Rossi ( 1754 – 1827 ); Serbia's Dositej Obradović ( 1742 – 1811 ); Spain's Félix María de Samaniego ( 1745 – 1801 ) and Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa ( 1750 – 1791 ); France's Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian ( 1755 – 94 ); and Russia's Ivan Krylov ( 1769 – 1844 ).

It was designed by Secundino Zuano, one of Spain's leading architects of the 20th century and first opened in 1963.

In his reign ( 1598 – 1621 ) a ten year truce with the Dutch was overshadowed in 1618 by Spain's involvement in the European-wide Thirty Years ' War.

Charles IV's vacillation, culminating in his failure to honour the alliance by neglecting to enforce the Continental System led to Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, invading Spain in 1808, thereby triggering Spain's War of Independence.

This was capitalized upon by King Hassan II of Morocco, who ordered the ' Green March ' into Western Sahara, Spain's last colonial possession.

During the period leading up to the conquest of Honduras by Pedro de Alvarado, many indigenous people along the north coast of Honduras were captured and taken as slaves to work on Spain's Caribbean plantations.

The United States, reflecting concerns raised by Great Britain, ultimately hoped to avoid having any European power take over Spain's colonies.

Occitan (; ; ), known also as Lenga d ' òc by its native speakers (; ), is a Romance language spoken in southern France, Italy's Occitan Valleys, Monaco, and Spain's Val d ' Aran: the regions sometimes known unofficially as Occitania.

The majority of Spain's peninsular region consists of the Meseta Central, a highland plateau rimmed and dissected by mountain ranges.

Between 2008 and 2012 this process was rapidly reversed, characterized by the fact that almost a quarter of Spain's workforce is currently unemployed.

According to calculations by the German newspaper Die Welt, Spain's economy had been on course to overtake countries like Germany in per capita income by 2011.

Among these, according to the Financial Times, was Spain's rapidly growing trade deficit, which had reached a staggering 10 % of the country's GDP by the summer of 2008, the " loss of competitiveness against its main trading partners " and, also, as a part of the latter, an inflation rate which had been traditionally higher than the one of its European partners, back then especially affected by house price increases of 150 % from 1998 and a growing family indebtedness ( 115 %) chiefly related to the Spanish Real Estate boom and rocketing oil prices.

The estimation of the IMF was proven to be somewhat too pessimistic, as Spain's GDP sank less than that of most advanced economies in 2009 and by the first quarter of 2010 had already emerged from the recession.

His mother, Maria Antonia, had been Leopold's daughter by his first marriage, to Philip IV of Spain's younger daughter Margaret Theresa.

Pitt urged that such a clear threat should be met by a pre-emptive strike against Spain's navy and her colonies-with emphasis on speed to prevent Spain bringing the annual Manila galleon safely to harbour.

Carl Schmitt, a legal and political scholar, was also a vocal fascist supporter of both the Nazi regime and Spain's Franco ; however, he published works of political philosophy that remained studied by philosophers and political scholars with radically different views, such as Alain Badiou, Slavoj Žižek, and his contemporaries Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, and Leo Strauss.

The conquest of a port in Spain's American empire was widely considered a foregone conclusion by many Patriot Whigs and opposition Tories who pressed a reluctant Walpole to launch larger naval expeditions to the Gulf of Mexico.

The largest action of the war was a major amphibious attack launched by the British under Admiral Edward Vernon in March, 1741 against Cartagena de Indias, one of Spain's principal gold-trading ports in their colony of New Granada ( today Colombia ).

Philip V of Spain's family by Louis-Michel van Loo.

Rising inflation, financially draining wars in Europe, the ongoing aftermath of the expulsion of the Jews and Moors from Spain, and Spain's growing dependency on the gold and silver imports, combined to cause several bankruptcies that caused economic crisis in the country, especially in heavily burdened Castile.

In September 1999 a combined group of ETA members and Breton separatists raided a factory at Plevin, Brittany, stealing over eight tonnes of Titadyn ( some of which was subsequently sold to the Islamist resistance group Hamas, according to Spain's El Mundo newspaper ).

As a result, Spain's population, and especially Castile's, never dense on the generally very dry, rocky, mountainous peninsula, grew much more slowly than France's ; by Louis XIV's time, France had a population greater than that of Spain and England combined.

Some have argued that this disparity is wider than in other European leagues where the top flight is combined with at least one division below in a league, such as Germany's Bundesliga, Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga.

Spain's alliance with the French pitched them into direct conflict with the British, and in 1762 a British expedition of five warships and 4, 000 troops set out from Portsmouth to capture Cuba.

This ensured an alliance with the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire, a powerful, far-reaching territory that assured Spain's future political security.

# The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was an alliance among Austria, France, the Dutch Republic and Great Britain-aimed at revising ( principally at Spain's expense ) the treaties which ended the War of the Spanish Succession.

Despite Franco's alliance with the Carlists, Franco appointed Juan Carlos I de Borbón as his successor, who is credited with presiding over Spain's transition from dictatorship to democracy by fully endorsing political reforms.

This increased military power appeared to be directed principally to thwart Spain's policy objectives, as witnessed by the Dutch interventions in Germany in 1614 and 1619, and the Dutch alliance with the enemies of Spain in the Mediterranean, like Venice and the Sultan of Morocco.

It was this alliance that led to Spain's entry into the war against Great Britain, leading to the loss of Trinidad and Menorca in 1798 and the attacks on Ferrol and Cadiz in 1800.

On 27 October 1807, Spain's Prime Minister Manuel de Godoy signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau with France, by which in return for the alliance and passage of French armies through its realm, Spain would receive Portuguese territory.

Spain's wars during that century became increasinly more to do with preserving the hegemonic power of the Habsburg alliance in Europe ; although it should be noted that the Habsburg alliance was successful in buttressing the Catholic Church against the rise of Protestantism.

Alava served as a naval aide-de-camp during the time of Spain's alliance with France but switched sides following Napoleon's invasion of his homeland in 1808.

In 1616 Venice concluded an alliance with France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands to counter Spain's power.

In " The Queen of Spain's Beard ", King Richard plans to wed Harry to the Infanta of Spain ( Miriam Margolyes ) in order to form an alliance.

Most of the UCD ’ s electorate became supporters of the AP-PDP alliance, which later became the People's Party, today Spain's principal conservative party.

An alliance of France, Britain, and the Netherlands condemned Spain's ambitions which threatened the peace of Europe ; in 1717, Philip invaded Sardinia, one of the territories lost to Austria after the War of the Spanish Succession.

After the successful alliance with France in the War of the Austrian Succession, he advised strengthening that bond as a means of protecting Spain's vulnerable security and checking British interests in her empire.

Carvajal believed that the key to Spain's defense and modernization was a closer alliance with Britain, whose naval power could complement Spain's empire and whose commercial strength could encourage economic development in Spain.

Spanish Light Infantry in Afghanistan, operating as part of Spain's military commitment to the NATO alliance.

Although not a full-fledged military alliance, the pact did result in a substantial United States contribution to the improvement of Spain's defense capabilities.