During the early 20th century, Alicante was a minor capital that enjoyed the benefit of Spain's neutrality during World War I, and that provided new opportunities for the local industry and agriculture.

The reign of Alfonso XIII ( 1886 – 1931 ) saw the Spanish-American War of 1898, culminating in the loss of the Philippines plus Spain's last colonies in the Americas, Cuba and Puerto Rico ; the " Great War " in Europe ( now known as World War I, 1914 – 1918 ), although Spain maintained neutrality throughout the conflict ; the influenza pandemic nicknamed the Spanish Flu ( 1918 – 1919 ); and the Rif War in Morocco ( 1920 – 1926 ).

Then, they also took great profits from Spain's neutrality in World War I, which allowed them to export to both sides, and the Spanish expansion in Morocco, which Catalan industrialists encouraged, since it was to become a fast growing market for them.

Spain's neutrality in World War I greatly benefited Spanish industry and commerce, but those benefits were not reflected in the workers ' salaries.

Eventually a messenger was sent through and offered the demand that after the British evacuated the forts, Americans would garrison them until relieved by Spanish troops which would serve only to ensure Spain's neutrality in the conflict.

Colonial Cuba was a frequent target of buccaneers, pirates and French corsairs seeking Spain's New World riches.

Between 1544 and 1563, Ecuador was an integral Spain's colonies in the New World under the Viceroyalty of Peru, having no administrative status independent of Lima.

Consequently, although Spain itself accepted the rejection of the Constitution, the rejection of the Constitution was not as calmly accepted in Spain's empire in the New World.

Cuba rebelled against Spain in the Ten Years ' War beginning in 1868, resulting in the abolition of slavery in Spain's colonies in the New World.

Despite Mary's marriage to Philip, England did not benefit from Spain's enormously lucrative trade with the New World.

* Spain's Bartolomé de Las Casas publishes his attack on colonial practices in the New World, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies.

Spain's conquest of a New World empire in the 16th century introduced new pigments and colors to peoples on both sides of the Atlantic.

In Spain's former New World empire, the production of cochineal colors employed thousands of low-paid workers.

Spain started a commemorative coin series ( UNESCO World Heritage ) in 2010, commemorating all of Spain's UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which could continue until 2050.

The mission system arose in part from the need to control Spain's ever-expanding holdings in the New World.

He played in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, scoring a hat-trick against South Korea in Spain's second game ( 3 – 1 ), and also a penalty against Belgium in the nation's final group game.

In December 2010, the cup was given to Sevilla, the 2010 winners, to keep in honour of Spain's World Cup win.

Spain's tourism direct industry GDP was € 62. 1 billion ($ 81. 8 billion ) in 2010 according to the World Travel and Tourism Council, the fifth highest tourism direct industry GDP after the United States with $ 510. 8 billion, Japan $ 172. 5 billion, China $ 113. 4 billion and France $ 107. 6 billion all also World Travel and Tourism Council 2010 figures.

This later became the Viceroyalty of Peru, an important center of Spain's New World colonies in the eighteenth century.

Today's independent Belize government holds the viewpoint that treaties signed by the UK are not binding on them, that the International Court of Justice's precedent is that the 1859 treaty is binding on Guatemala unless Guatemala can firmly prove the 1859 treaty was forced upon them by the UK, that international law says any breaches in the 1859 treaty by the UK would not excuse Guatemala's breaches and the UK never made " material breaches ," that Guatemala never inherited Spain's claim because Guatemala never occupied that part of Spain's New World colonies, and the right of a people to self-determination.

The upper reaches of this densely wooded region are almost permanently shrouded in clouds and mist, and as a result are covered in lush and diverse vegetation: they form the protected environment of Spain's Garajonay National Park, which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.

* 1998: Andoni Zubizarreta, Spain's goalkeeper, scored an own goal during Spain's 1998 FIFA World Cup defeat to Nigeria by deflecting a cross into his own net.

In his reign ( 1598 – 1621 ) a ten year truce with the Dutch was overshadowed in 1618 by Spain's involvement in the European-wide Thirty Years ' War.

Charles IV's vacillation, culminating in his failure to honour the alliance by neglecting to enforce the Continental System led to Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, invading Spain in 1808, thereby triggering Spain's War of Independence.

Bourbon France challenged Habsburg Spain's supremacy in the Franco-Spanish War ( 1635 – 59 ); gaining definitive ascendancy in the War of Devolution ( 1667 – 68 ), and the Franco-Dutch War ( 1672 – 78 ), under the leadership of Louis XIV.

** Spanish dictator Francisco Franco dies in Madrid, effectively marking the end of the dictatorship established following the Spanish Civil War and the beginning of Spain's transition to democracy.

* January 14 – Alfonso ( Queen Isabel IIof Spain's son ) arrives in Spain and becomes Alfonso XII ( Third Carlist War ).

* April 30 – Eighty Years ' War: Frederick Henry of Orange lays siege to's-Hertogenbosch, one of Spain's most important fortresses along the Spanish-Dutch border.

Spain's presence in eastern North America was limited to the province of Florida ; it also controlled Cuba and other territories in the West Indies that became military objectives in the Seven Years ' War.

# The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was an alliance among Austria, France, the Dutch Republic and Great Britain-aimed at revising ( principally at Spain's expense ) the treaties which ended the War of the Spanish Succession.

Napoleon enters Spain's capital during the Peninsular War

Six officials, among them Efraín Ríos Montt and Óscar Humberto Mejía, were formally charged on 7 July 2006 to appear in the Spanish National Court after Spain's Constitutional Court ruled in September 2005, the Spanish Constitutional Court declaration that the " principle of universal jurisdiction prevails over the existence of national interests ", following the Menchu suit brought against the officials for atrocities committed in the Guatemalan Civil War

In the War of the Grand Alliance he again fought on the Habsburgs ' side, protected the Rhine frontier, and, being the Emperor's son-in-law and the husband of the King of Spain's niece, was appointed governor of the Spanish Netherlands in late 1691.

Elsewhere he has insisted: With regard to the 1930s, he has written that Gina Herrmann, in her 2010 study of Spanish communists ' memoirs, claimed that " of the many myths that Western Communists lived by, perhaps the most abiding is that of Communist anti-Fascism of the 1930s and 1940s — one that was consolidated in Spain's Civil War of 1936 – 1939.

The monastery, which had already suffered damage during the First Carlist War, was closed down due to the Ecclesiastical Confiscations of Mendizábal in 1835 during Isabella II of Spain's rule.

By the end of the decade, however, Philip's government was faced with the question of whether to prioritise the war in Flanders or Spain's relationship with France during the War of the Mantuan Succession ( 1628 – 31 ).

His preoccupation worsened at the beginning of the Great War: Manuel was fearful that England would ally with Spain, in light of Portugal's instability, and that Spain would want to annex Portugal, as the price for Spain's entry into the War.

Despite Franco's alliance with the Carlists, Franco appointed Juan Carlos I de Borbón as his successor, who is credited with presiding over Spain's transition from dictatorship to democracy by fully endorsing political reforms.

After a brief period as Spain's ambassador in the United Kingdom, which ended with Franco's death ( 1975 ), Manuel Fraga was appointed vice president and Interior Minister ( Ministro de Gobernación ) in 1976, under Carlos Arias Navarro's government, the first with Juan Carlos I as chief of state.

In 2007 Spain's royal family, and in particular Juan Carlos I, faced a difficult year.

Despite accession to Spain's throne of Juan Carlos I in 1975, the court of nobles holding positions and offices attached to the royal household was not restored.

After Napoleon I invaded Spain in 1807 and put his brother, Joseph, on the Spanish throne, Mexican Conservatives and rich land-owners who supported Spain's Bourbon royal family objected to the comparatively liberal Napoleonic policies.

The la Brigada de Carabineros Reales, though dressed as hussars, did however participate in several of Spain's wars, including the Spanish War of Independence against Napoleon I ( part of the Napoleonic Wars ), where they distinguished themselves at Sepúlveda ( 28 November 1808 ), along with the Alcántara and Montesa cavalry regiments, against Lasalle's French 10th Chasseurs a Cheval and 9th Dragoons.

Thérésa's father founded and governed the bank of San Carlos, which became the Royal Bank of Spain, and was King Joseph I of Spain's Minister of Finance.

In 1557, King Philip II of Spain's second wife, Queen Mary I of England, died.

The Spanish National Energy Corporation ( Endesa ) was founded in 1944 and in 1949 it opened Spain's first coal-fueled power plant in Ponferrada, Compostilla I.

It will include the restored building and equipment of Compostilla I, Spain's first coal-fueled power plant opened in 1949 in Ponferrada.

Until 2006, when the project was halted, the work had been assigned to a consortium of Italy's Impregilo, Condotte d ' Acqua, Cooperativa Muratori & Cementisti ( CMC ), and Consorzio Stabile A. C. I., alongside Spain's Sacyr Vallehermoso, and Japan's Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries.

King Juan Carlos I presented Naschy with Spain's Gold Medal Award for Fine Arts in 2001 in honor of his work.

Carolina Herrera is a recipient of The International Center in New York's Award of Excellence as well as Spain's Gold Medal for Merit in the Fine Arts, which was presented to her in 2002 by King Juan Carlos I.

On the other hand, members of Opus Dei say that the letter of Escrivá ( written 8 years after the US, the UN and Allies recognized Franco ) shows his exemplary virtues as a citizen and a Catholic priest, as he says: " Although a stranger to any political activity, I cannot help but rejoice as a priest and Spaniard " that Spain's Head of State should proclaim that Spain accepts the law of God according to the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, a faith which will inspire its legislation.

He is the winner of the 1993 Ortega y Gasset Award of Spain's daily El País, the 1998 Maria Moors Cabot Award of Columbia University, the 2001 King of Spain Award, given out by the Spanish news agency EFE and King Juan Carlos I of Spain, the Overseas Press Club Award in 2002, and the Suncoast Emmy award from the National Academy of Television, Arts and Sciences in 2006.

In addition, her eldest sister Eleonore was married to Emperor Leopold I so Spain's ties with the Austrian branch of the Habsburgs would become even stronger.