In Spain, Adoptionism was opposed by Beatus of Liebana, and in the Carolingian territories, the Adoptionist position was condemned by Pope Hadrian I, Alcuin of York, Agobard, and officially in Carolingian territory by the Council of Frankfurt ( 794 ).

The US also opposed possible agreements between Spain and England.

), the continental part of Spain ( as opposed to the Balearic islands, the Canary Islands, Alboran, etc.

Most White Ecuadorans are of colonial era Spanish origin, also known as criollos ( literally meaning " localSpaniards ", as opposed to " Peninsulares ", which were Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula in Spain ).

This selection of the King of Spain turned out to play an important role in European and world history, since France opposed a German prince's candidacy to the Spanish throne, and this served as the immediate motive for the Franco-Prussian War ( 1870 – 1871 ).

But the English government opposed the idea: involved in the War of the Grand Alliance from 1689 to 1697 against France, it did not want to offend Spain, which claimed the territory as part of New Granada.

The Bourbon Philip of Anjou was designated heir to the throne of Spain as Philip V. The Habsburg Emperor Leopold opposed a Bourbon succession, because the power that such a succession would bring to the Bourbon rulers of France would disturb the delicate balance of power in Europe.

The Federalists strongly opposed the purchase, favoring close relations with Britain over closer ties to Napoleon, and were concerned that the United States had paid a large sum of money just to declare war on Spain.

During the previous pontificate the Jesuits had been expelled from Portugal and from all the Bourbon courts: France, Spain, Naples, and Parma ; now the general suppression of the order was urged by the faction called the " court cardinals ", who were opposed by the diminished pro-Jesuit faction, the Zelanti (" zealous "), who were generally opposed to the encroaching secularism of the Enlightenment.

The visiting mission returned its report on October 15, announcing " an overwhelming consensus " in favor of independence ( as opposed to integration with Morocco or with Mauritania, or continued rule by Spain ).

Spain and Morocco did not consult the Sahrawi population, and the Polisario violently opposed the treaty.

As a French ally he opposed Britain during the American Revolution in June 1779, supplying large quantities of weapons and munitions to the rebels and keeping one third of all the British forces in the Americas occupied defending Florida and what is now Alabama, which were ultimately recaptured by Spain.

The Holy Roman Empire, the United Dutch Provinces, England, Hanover and many other German states opposed Philip's right to succeed because they feared that the French House of Bourbon would become too powerful if it also controlled Spain.

The Battle of Malplaquet, fought on 11 September 1709, was one of the main battles of the War of the Spanish Succession, which opposed the Bourbons of France and Spain against an alliance whose major members were the Habsburg Monarchy, Great Britain, the United Provinces and the Kingdom of Prussia.

On each occasion he was opposed by Spain on account of his work on the " Monarchy of Sicily ," in which he supported the Papal claims against those of the Spanish government.

Following the failed assassination attack against the Admiral de Coligny, which Wanegffelen attributes to the Guise family and Spain, the Italian advisers of Catherine de Medici undoubtedly recommended in the royal Council the execution of about fifty Protestant leaders to benefit from the occasion by eliminating the Huguenot danger, but both the Queen Mother and the King were very firmly opposed.

The confrontational nature of English politics in 1738 led many who were opposed to launching a naval war against Spain to doubt the truthfulness of Jenkins ' story.

They are awarded for actual retail sales ( as opposed to shipments ) of one million albums, in one of the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

Martí was totally opposed to slavery and criticized Spain for failing to abolish the institution.

When the institution of a revolutionary tribunal was proposed, Vergniaud opposed the project, denouncing the tribunal as a more awful inquisition than that of Spain, and avowing that his party would all die rather than consent to it.

Britain also refused to aid Spain and opposed any outside intervention on behalf of Spain by other powers.

His last major service to the Crown was his command of the forces sent to put down a rebellion in early 1554 by a group of disaffected gentlemen who opposed the Queen's projected marriage to Philip II of Spain.

On Raleigh's return to England, James had him executed to the indignation of the public, who opposed the appeasement of Spain.

Immigration from Spain and intermarriage with Spaniards from the surrounding Spanish towns was a constant feature of Gibraltar's history until the then Spanish dictator, General Francisco Franco, closed the border with Gibraltar in 1969, cutting off many Gibraltarians from their relatives on the Spanish side of the frontier.

As Chief Minister, Caruana consistently refused to attend bi-lateral talks between the United Kingdom and Spain as part of the UK delegation, on the basis that the interests of the Gibraltarians were not protected, and he did not want to give any measure of legitimacy to talks over which Gibraltar had no control.

While there are Spanish and British influences, a result of the territory's status as a British overseas territory and its proximity to Spain, the ethnic origins of most Gibraltarians are a mix of Andalusian Spaniards, Genoese, Maltese, Portuguese and British.

Younger Gibraltarians have considerable exposure to popular culture from Spain, and even vice versa, the pop group " Taxi " having found success on the Spanish charts, virtually all of its songs being in Spanish.

While some in Britain's Foreign Office would like to see this closening of ties result in an ' osmosis ' between The Rock and the " Campo de Gibraltar ", there is no prospect of Gibraltarians accepting absorption into Spain.

Gibraltarians going on to higher education attend university in the UK and not in Spain.

While television from Spain is easily received and widely watched, the availability of British television via satellite, particularly Sky and the BBC, means that Gibraltarians are as familiar with British news and popular culture as people in the UK itself.

They opposed dialogue with Spain and wanted to change the Constitution of Gibraltar, and support the right of Gibraltarians to decide their own constitutional arrangements under the principle of self-determination.

The IWBP leader, and then Chief Minister, Sir Robert Peliza, was the mover in 1969 of the Preamble to the Constitution which safeguards Gibraltar from ever passing to Spain without the expressed wishes of the Gibraltarians.

He has always kept a hard line stance against any sovereignty deal with Spain without the consent of the Gibraltarians.

In 1980 he led a demonstrations of about 2, 000 Gibraltarians protesting at the opening of negotiations between Spain and the United Kingdom agreed on the Lisbon Agreement.

The Gibraltarians themselves reject any such claim and no political party or pressure group in Gibraltar supports union with Spain.

They have insisted that the Gibraltar dispute is a purely bilateral matter between Britain and Spain, and that the current Gibraltarians are mere settlers whose role and will are irrelevant.

* Doves ( Gibraltar ) or palomos, a group of Gibraltarians that advocated, in the 1960s, for a settlement with Spain

This optional protocol has been ratified by all EU states except five ( namely Belgium, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, and United Kingdom ).

An example of mutual recognition of Doctor titles among EU countries is the " Bonn Agreement of November 14, 1994 ", signed between Germany and Spain.

Its largest EU trade partners, in order of market share, are Germany ( 12. 9 %), France ( 11. 4 %), and Spain ( 7. 4 %).

Until 2008 the economy of Spain had been regarded as one of the most dynamic within the EU, attracting significant amounts of foreign investment.

Due to its own economic development and the recent EU enlargements up to 28 members ( 2007 ), Spain had a GDP per capita of ( 105 %) of EU average per capita GDP in 2006, which placed it slightly ahead of Italy ( 103 %).

In the first weeks of 2010, renewed anxiety about the excessive levels of debt in some EU countries and, more generally, about the health of the euro has spread from Ireland and Greece to Portugal, and to a lesser extent in Spain and Italy.

Spain recorded a trade surplus in trade with the European Union ( EU ), of 3, 043 million euros in the first ten months of the year.

Even on many international issues beyond western Europe, Spain prefers to coordinate its efforts with its EU partners through the European political cooperation mechanisms.

Spain maintains economic and technical cooperation programs and cultural exchanges with Latin America, both bilaterally and within the EU.

The accession of Spain and Portugal to the EU has helped ease some of their periodic trade frictions by putting these into an EU context.

All designs feature the 12 stars of the EU, the year of minting, and the word España ( Spanish for Spain ).

Germany is still the largest net contributor into the EU budget ; however, as of 2005 France is also a net contributor and the more agriculture-focused Spain, Greece and Portugal are the biggest beneficiaries.

Some countries in the EU have larger agricultural sectors than others, notably France and Spain, and consequently receive more money under the CAP.

Formally, it is a coalition of U. S. and European CEOs, largely from transnational corporations, launched at the urging of former United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown in Seville ( Spain ) in late 1995 at a conference attended by CEOs from more than 100 U. S. and EU companies and by top government representatives led by the Commissioners for Trade and Industry and by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce.

Spain was one of the fastest-growing economies in the European Union ( EU ) in 2001, despite inflation nearing 4 % and signs of an economic slowdown.

Though still outperforming most of its EU partners, Spain failed to escape the effects of the global economic downturn in 2002.

He wrote to Spain ( as President of the EU ) to suggest that the body send a team of foreign ministers to the area in 2010.

Similarly in Spain, mod chips are seen as legal despite the EU copyright legislation.

They currently include 19 EU countries, including all the largest ones: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

In a survey ( 2011 ) for EU funded Flag programme it was reported 90 % of the local maritime catch is exported to France and Spain.

* G5 group, former group of the largest West European countries: France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Spain, now expanded to G6 ( EU ) by Poland's join.

On 27 – 28 November 1995, while Spain held the Presidency of the Council of the EU, Solana convened and chaired the Barcelona Conference.