This magnificent but greatly underestimated book, which bodies forth the very form and pressure of its time as no other comparable creation, has suffered severely from having been written about an historical event -- the Spanish Civil War -- that is still capable of fanning the smoldering fires of old political feuds.

As a result of international pressure ( France, USA, Great Britain ,...), Spain abandoned Western Sahara on Nov. 14, 1975, going so far as to even exhume Spanish corpses from cemeteries.

But at the same time, Morocco and Mauritania began to put pressure on the Franco government: both countries argued that Spanish Sahara formed a historical part of their own territories.

Walpole gave in to the pressure and approved the sending of troops to the West Indies and a squadron to Gibraltar under Admiral Haddock, causing an immediate Spanish reaction.

But, when the Supreme Central Junta dissolved itself on 29 January 1810, under extreme pressure from Napoleonic forces, most of the main cities of Spanish America refused to acknowledge its successor, a Regency Council, as the legitimate depositary of sovereignty.

By spring of 1648 however he was back in Piedmont, fighting on the Piedmont-Milan border to distract the Spanish from their pressure on Modena ; in the summer, he was put in charge of an army sent on a fleet to Naples-the Naples revolt had already collapsed by then, so the expedition found no support when it landed and after some pointless actions it re-embarked, a complete failure ( some details in Naples revolt ).

By spring of 1648 however he was back in Piedmont, fighting on the Piedmont-Milan border to distract the Spanish from their pressure on Modena ; in the summer, he was put in charge of an army sent on a fleet to Naples-the Naples revolt had already collapsed by then, so the expedition found no support when it landed and after some pointless actions it re-embarked, a complete failure ( some details in Naples revolt ).

By 444, all the Spanish provinces bar Hispania Tarraconensis had been lost to the Germanic tribe, and even Tarraconensis was under pressure due to continued Bagaudic uprisings.

This proved challenging to enforce, and Louis had to apply pressure to Edward II of England in order to prevent Spanish vessels trading with the embargoed Flemish, and to local Church leaders in the border area.

Spanish pressure forced the American evacuation in 1813.

The Habsburg Spanish army of about 27, 000 men, advanced from Flanders, through the Ardennes, and into northern France to relieve French pressure on the Franche-Comté and Catalonia.

In Spain the Spanish Senate functions as a de facto territorial-based upper house, and there has been some pressure from the Autonomous Communities to reform it into a strictly territorial chamber.

In 1689 the Duke of Noailles had led French forces there aimed at bringing further pressure to bear on the Spanish by re-igniting a peasant rising against Charles II, which initially broke out in 1687.

On weather maps, high-pressure centers are associated with the letter H in English, or A in Spanish ( because alta is the Spanish word for high ), within the isobar with the highest pressure value.

British diplomats increased pressure on the French and Spanish, demanding that they close their ports to American shipping.

The French did not recognise any superior Spanish title to the islands, but the French and Spanish royal families were linked by the Bourbon Family Compact and France simply gave in to Spanish pressure.

Although it is in decline under pressure from Spanish, it is still widely spoken.

She alienated many U. S. Catholics ( including some clerical leaders ) with her condemnation of Falangist leader Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War ; and, possibly in response to her criticism of Cardinal Francis Spellman, she came under pressure by the Archdiocese of New York in 1951 to change the name of her newspaper, " ostensibly because the word Catholic implies an official church connection when such was not the case.

On January 23, 1824, Lieutenant General Miguel Luciano De La Torre y Pando ( 1822 – 1837 ), the Spanish appointed governor of Puerto Rico, issued several anti-piracy measures based on the economic losses that the Spanish government was sustaining and the political pressure from the United States.

This change was probably forced by external pressure to avoid any possible personal union of the Crown of Spain with a foreign monarchy ( the War of the Spanish Succession had been fought to prevent Spain and France from being ruled by the same king ).

When the Anglo-Spanish Wars intensified after 1585, Elizabeth approved further raids against Spanish ports in the Americas and against shipping returning to Europe with treasure.

European settlement of this region reportedly started with the Spanish, and intensified when New Mexico was admitted to the United States.

The Spanish political and social climate had greatly intensified after the murder of prominent monarchist and anti-Popular Front spokesman José Calvo Sotelo by Republican Assault Guards ( Guardia de Asalto ).

Conflict in the region intensified after the independence of the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the first quarter of the 19th century.

The rule of Mary I, the attack of the Spanish Armada, and the Great Fire of London in 1666 were other events that were important contributors to anti-Catholic sentiment and intensified Protestant hatred of Catholics, making the plot against Charles II seem believable.

His diplomatic activity intensified when Richelieu declared war to Spain in 1635, and with the successive defeats of the Spanish troops by the French armies.

Numerous subsequent Spanish expeditions followed, eventually leading to the first Spanish colony, Villa Bruselas in Costa Rica in 1524.

The Seven Years ' War, which erupted in 1754 across three continents, eventually arrived in the Spanish Caribbean.

In the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies, Columbus's speculative proposal, to reach the East Indies by sailing westward, eventually received the support of the Spanish crown, which saw in it a promise, however remote, of gaining the upper hand over rival powers in the contest for the lucrative spice trade with Asia.

They afforded his first contact with the Spanish monarchy that was to eventually appoint him court painter.

When the border between Spain and Gibraltar was eventually closed by the Spanish dictator in 1969, the newspaper changed its ownership and begun to be published in English.

At one time Ghent was a Calvinist republic, but eventually the Spanish army reinstated Catholicism.

King Louis XIV of France eventually " won " the War of Spanish Succession, and control of Spain passed to the Bourbon dynasty.

Since the Spanish guerrillas seemed to be uncontrollable, the French troops eventually evacuated Spain.

The imported Spanish cuisine was eventually incorporated into the indigenous cuisine.

Ussher says that Ninian left Candida Casa for Cluayn-coner in Ireland, and eventually died in Ireland ; that his mother was a Spanish princess ; that his father wished to regain him after having assented to his training for an ecclesiastical state ; that a bell comes from heaven to call together his disciples ; that a wooden church was raised by him, with beams delivered by stags ; and that a harper with no experience at architecture was the builder of the church.

Another uprising in 1956 – 1958, initiated by the Moroccan-backed Army of Liberation, led to heavy fighting, but eventually the Spanish forces regained control-again with French aid.

He and Admiral John Benbow, commander of the smaller British fleet, avoided one another, and Château-Renault eventually escorted home the Spanish treasure fleet from Vera Cruz that met its end at Vigo Bay.

* December 21 – Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spaniards troops in southern Chile ; all Spanish cities south of the Biobio river are eventually taken by the Mapuches, and all conquest of Mapuche territories by Europeans practically ceases, until the 1870s " Pacification of Araucania ".

In due course, Spanish and other European sailors adopted the hobby of smoking rolls of leaves, as did the Conquistadors, and smoking primitive cigars spread to Spain and Portugal and eventually France, most probably through Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal, who gave his name to nicotine.

It developed in 16th century England, and was quickly adopted on the Continent where it eventually became the final movement of the mature Baroque dance suite ( the French gigue ; Italian and Spanish giga ).

The Canary Islands would eventually be part of the Spanish Empire.

Evidence of this are the many uprisings in Spanish America after the end of the war, which eventually led to the wars of independence.

Lezo four of the ships went to the aid of the 500 soldiers defending Desnaux position with the head, but the Spanish eventually had to retire to the city, which was already beginning to be evacuated by civilians.

Peach was brought to the Americas by Spanish explorers in the 16th century, and eventually made it to England and France in the 17th century, where it was a prized and expensive treat.

After the death of Moctezuma II, the empire fell into the hands of severely weakened emperors, such as Cuitláhuac, before eventually being ruled by puppet rulers, such as Andrés de Tapia Motelchiuh, installed by the Spanish.

Early in 1797, the Spanish fleet of 27 ships of the line, which were supposed to join the French fleet at Brest lay at Cartagena, on the Mediterranean Sea, with the intention of sailing to Cádiz as an escort of a 57 merchant convoy, carrying mainly mercury — necessary for gold and silver production — which would eventually enter that Spanish harbour along with warships Neptuno, Terrible and Bahama, prior to running into the British force.

Parts of Italy were annexed to the Spanish, the Austrian and Napoleon I's empire, while the Holy See maintained control over Rome, before the Italian Peninsula was eventually liberated and unified in the late 19th century.

Along with an archaeological record that suggests the consumption of a food similar to ceviche nearly 2, 000 years ago, historians believe the predecessor to the dish was brought to Peru by Moorish women from Granada who accompanied the Spanish conquistadors and colonizers, and this dish eventually evolved into what now is considered ceviche.