It should be noted that in some medieval codices of Herodotus the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta before the battle is given as Philippides and in a few modern editions this name is preferred.

Another reputed male lover of Heracles is Elacatas, who was honored in Sparta with a sanctuary and yearly games, Elacatea.

Its administrative capital is Sparti ( Sparta ).

Taygetus, known as Pentadaktylos ( five-fingers ) throughout the Middle Ages, is west of Sparta and the Evrotas valley.

He is told that they returned to Sparta after a long voyage by way of Egypt.

In Sparta, biting and eye gouging are allowed, but in national Events ( Olympics ) it is strictly forbidden.

In one case, an ephor dreamed that some of his colleagues ' chairs were removed from the agora, and that a voice called out " this is better for Sparta "; inspired by this, King Cleomenes acted to consolidate royal power.

An example of this is Sparta, which had two kings but was not considered a normal monarchy as it also had ephors representing the common people.

His great contribution to history and historiography is contained in this one dense history of the 27-year war between Athens and Sparta, each with their respective allies.

* The Athletic Club Královské Vinohrady, later Sparta Prague, is founded.

* 488 BC: Leonidas I succeeds his brother Cleomenes I as king of Sparta after Cleomenes is judged insane

* 476 BC: Archidamus II succeeds his grandfather Leotychides, who is banished to Tegea, as king of Sparta.

* 419 BC: The Peace of Nicias is broken when Sparta defeats Argos.

* 406 BC: Athens defeats Sparta in the Battle of Arginusae and the blockade of Conon is lifted.

* 400 BC: After Cyrus has been killed, his Greek mercenaries make their way back to Greece, where Sparta is so impressed with their feats in and march through Persia that they declare war on the Persians.

Athens is unwilling to place her forces under Sparta and its king Leonidas.

However, Athens loses all its foreign possessions and what is left of its fleet and is required to become an ally of Sparta.

* The Eurypontid King of Sparta, Agis IV, is called away from Sparta when Aratus of Sicyon, temporarily Sparta's ally, requests Agis ' aid in his war against the Aetolians.

Leontini is being threatened by Syracuse which is allied to Sparta.

* Cleomenes I is forced to flee Sparta when his plot against Demaratus is discovered, but the Spartans allow him to return when he begins gathering an army in the surrounding territories.

" Many Greek philosophers, especially Platonists, would often describe Sparta as an ideal state, strong, brave, and free from the corruptions of commerce and money.

Later generations ' fascination with ancient Sparta, and particularly the Battle of Thermopylae, has led to Xerxes's portrayal in works of popular culture, though more often than not in a negative light, often portraying him as ranging from unsympathetic to megalomaniacal.

Besides Feyenoord there are Sparta Rotterdam and Excelsior and the city is often referred to as " Voetbalstad nummer 1 " ().

Later in the Classical period, the leagues would become fewer and larger, be dominated by one city ( particularly Athens, Sparta and Thebes ); and often poleis would be compelled to join under threat of war ( or as part of a peace treaty ).

As so often in other matters, Sparta was a notable exception to the rest of Greece, ruled through the whole period by not one, but two hereditary monarchs.

But Tissaphernes was unwilling to take action and tried to achieve his aim by astute and often perfidious negotiations ; Alcibiades persuaded him that Persia's best policy was to keep the balance between Athens and Sparta, and rivalry with his neighbour Pharnabazus of Hellespontic Phrygia still further lessened his energy.

During this time, the Tennessee Supreme Court ( including then-Judge Andrew Jackson ) often met in Sparta, and the town was even considered by the Legislature as a potential site for the state capital, narrowly losing to Nashville.

The ancient Greeks didn't always refer to Athens, Sparta, Thebes and other poleis as such ; they often spoke instead of the Athenians, Lacedaemonians, Thebans and so on.

This text is important to scholars ' understanding of literacy in Sparta because it indicates that Spartans were able to read and that they often put written documents to use in their public affairs.

Socrates himself is portrayed as having often praised the laws of Sparta and Crete.

In later centuries, Greek philosophers, especially Platonists, would often describe Sparta as an ideal state, strong, brave, and free from the corruptions of commerce and money.

* Medes: Brothers to the Persians and often identified with them as rivals of Greece, they benefit from the ongoing war between Athens and Sparta ( line 108 ).

The most prominent Greek oligarchy, and the state with which democratic Athens is most often and most fruitfully compared, was Sparta.

It is the home venue of Sparta Prague and often the home stadium of the Czech Republic national football team.

The city of Sparta is said to have been named after her ; however, the city was often called Lacedaemon as well.

There is a contrast between the mythical and historical events portrayed: depictions of Theseus ' victory over the Amazonians and the Fall of Troy are juxtaposed sharply with the portrayal of the historic Battle of Oenoe ( conjectured to have occurred in the pentecontaetia at Oenoe, Attica on the Thriasian Plain near Eleutherae ), the first important Athenian victory over Sparta, and the Battle of Marathon.

Vickers believes that the link to current events and to Sparta accounts for why Hearcles is portrayed so coldly in the play.

Even though this war was won by a pan-Greek army, credit was given to Sparta, who besides being the protagonist at Thermopylae and Plataea, had been the de facto leader of the entire Greek expedition.

Even during its decline, Sparta never forgot its claims on being the " defender of Hellenism " and its Laconic wit.

Probably the best-known was his elopement with Helen, queen of Sparta, this being one of the immediate causes of the Trojan War.

* King Agis II of Sparta escapes having his house razed and being fined 100, 000 drachmae for his failure to press his advantage by promising more successful outcomes in the future.

Various plans were made, one of them being a joint stadium for Excelsior and Sparta, but eventually none of the plans were implemented.

Sparta Rotterdam () is the oldest professional football team in the Netherlands being established on 1 April 1888.

Gorgophone is a central figure in the history of Sparta, having been married to two kings, Oebalus of Laconia and Perieres of Messenia, and being considered the first woman to have married twice.

He is eventually persuaded by local politicians to remain in Sparta, as they are desperate to improve the local squad's reputation of being anti-black and underskilled.

Other episode plots in this season included: a prominent citizen being murdered due to sexual abuse in his family ; Virgil ’ s ex-partner and Althea ’ s ex-lover coming back to Sparta and being exposed as a murderer ; Chief Gillespie having to confront the legacy of his own bigoted past when he's duty-bound to arrest a close, lifelong friend — who is also the sheriff of the neighboring county — for committing a racially-motivated murder in his jail ; Bubba getting caught up in a love triangle ; Althea ’ s niece visiting from Philadelphia ; Virgil and Althea going to an all-White church ; Joanne being stalked by a murderous ex-con, which eventually exposes that she had been a prostitute out of necessity in a different city, long ago ; the arrest of councilwoman White ’ s son ; Chief Gillespie witnessing, and being deeply affected by, an execution ; a plant strike that leads to murder ; Bubba being accused of rape ; and, a manhunt for a drunk driver who killed three of Sparta's most popular high school cheerleaders, and crippled a fourth.

The third place finish qualified Sociedad for the 1998-99 UEFA Cup where they beat Sparta Prague of the Czech Republic and Dynamo Moscow of Russia before being knocked out in the third round by another Spanish club, Atletico de Madrid.

In the spring of 209 BC, Philip received requests for help from his ally the Achaean League in the Peloponnesus who were being attacked by Sparta and the Aetolians.

Darius ' conciliatory policies were used as a type of propaganda campaign against the mainland Greeks, so that in 491 BC, when Darius sent heralds throughout Greece demanding submission ( earth and water ), initially most city-states accepted the offer, Athens and Sparta being the most prominent exceptions.

Cythera was independent, and issued her own coins, in 195, after the Achaean defeat of Sparta ; in Augustus ' time, it was again subject to Sparta, being the property of Gaius Julius Eurycles, who was both a Spartan magnate and a Roman citizen.

The Ambraciots asked for help from Eurylochus of Sparta, who managed to march his army past the Acarnanians without being observed.

Gylippus (; was a Spartan general of the 5th century BC ; he was the son of Cleandridas, who was the adviser of King Pleistoanax and had been expelled from Sparta for accepting Athenian bribes in 446 BC and fled to Thurii, a pan-Hellenic colony then being founded in the instep of Italy with Athenian help and participation.

In the years following the defeat of the reformist king Cleomenes III of Sparta at the Battle of Sellasia ( 222 BC ), Sparta experienced a power vacuum that eventually led to the Spartan kingship being bestowed on a child, Pelops, for whom first Machanidas ( d. 207 BC ) and then Nabis acted as regents.

Initially, Sparta was reluctant, but Alcibiades, the Athenian general who had argued for the Sicilian Expedition, defected to the Spartan cause upon being accused of grossly impious acts and convinced them that they could not allow Athens to subjugate Syracuse.