As DSM-III chief architect Robert Spitzer and DSM-IV editor Michael First outlined in 2005, " little progress has been made toward understanding the pathophysiological processes and etiology of mental disorders.

Robert Spitzer, a lead architect of the DSM-III, has held the opinion that the addition of cultural formulations was an attempt to placate cultural critics, and that they lack any scientific motivation or support.

However, although the number of identified diagnoses has increased by more than 200 % ( from 106 in DSM-I to 365 in DSM-IV-TR ), psychiatrists such as Zimmerman and Spitzer argue it almost entirely represents greater specification of the forms of pathology, thereby allowing better grouping of more similar patients.

Spitzer has requested that all " ex-gay " therapy organizations such as NARTH, PFOX, American College of Pediatricians, and Focus on the Family stop citing his study as evidence for conversion therapy.

Former New York State Attorney General and former Governor of New York Eliot Spitzer has pursued spyware companies for fraudulent installation of software.

In statewide elections it has gone for Democrats both Eliot Spitzer and Hillary Clinton won it in 2006 with over 60 % of the vote.

NASA also has an airborne IR telescope called SOFIA and an IR space telescope called Spitzer.

* Accounting scandals: New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer has filed civil fraud lawsuits against ex-WorldCom CEO Bernie Ebbers, Qwest Communications executives Philip Anschutz and Joseph Nacchio, Metromedia Fiber Networks chairman Stephen Garofalo, and ex-McLeod USA CEO Clark McLeod.

A different but related problem in evaluating the public health significance of psychiatric conditions has been highlighted by Robert Spitzer of Columbia University: fulfillment of diagnostic criteria and the resulting diagnosis do not necessarily imply need for treatment.

Observations from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope suggest that Epsilon Eridani actually has two asteroid belts and a cloud of exozodiacal dust.

Among other notable alumni, Andover has educated two American presidents, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, NFL head coach Bill Belichick, Law & Order creator Dick Wolf, Lyman Spitzer, namesake of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, six Medal of Honor recipients, inventor Samuel Morse, and author Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.

As Leo Spitzer has written, the actual science of the idea, which is vaguely Darwinian, is rather tenuous, and shortly after Taine's work was published a number of objections were made on scientific grounds.

TAC has been credited by New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer and others with helping pass Kendra's Law in the state.

The pillar structure of the region resembles that of a much larger star formation region, imaged with the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2005, in Cassiopeia, which is designated W5 and has been dubbed the " Pillars of Creation ".

* Of the town fortifications torn down in the 19th century, all that has been left standing is the Spitzer Turm (“ Sharp Tower ”, a prison tower with a dungeon ), the Stumpfer Turm (“ Blunt Tower ”, the powder tower ), the Hexenturm (“ Witches ’ Tower ”, in which in 1602 and 1603 eleven women fell victim to the rife witchhunt madness in Electoral Mainz ) and a small remnant of the formerly 2 km-long town wall on Grabenstraße.

Further analysis of the data that led to the first announcement has cast doubt on the claim that it is a distant object, and follow-up observations in the H-band using the Gemini North Telescope and observations from the orbiting Spitzer Space Telescope were not able to detect it at all, the latter regarding it to be an artefact.

Joseph Bruno, Stone's client, has been a longtime political enemy of Eliot Spitzer.

In addition to these examples, the endowment effect has been observed in a wide range of different populations using different goods ( see Hoffman and Spitzer, 1993 for a review ) including children ( Harbaugh et al., 2001 ) great apes ( Kanngiesser, Santos, Hood, Call, 2011 ), and old world monkeys ( Lakshminaryanan, Chen & Santos, 2008 ).

In 2008, infrared observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope showed that the Carina – Sagittarius Arm has a relative paucity of young stars, in contrast with the Sagittarius and Norma spiral arms.

The galaxy has been studied with most of NASA's telescopes, including the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE ).

Using this data and later observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope, Infrared Space Observatory and the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment implies that the disk is located at 25 Astronomical units and has a thin ( 0. 02 AU ), ring-like structure, with the sharp cutoff in the disk suggesting a planet.

The Ontario government, across the border in Canada, has followed suit at the request of New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer.

After already running for Governor against Spitzer in the Democratic Primaries, and throwing his hat into the ring to replace Hillary Clinton as Senator, Tom Suozzi's name has been attached to a presidential run.

However Robert Spitzer later criticized his own work on it in an interview with Adam Curtis saying it led to the medicalization of 20-30 percent of the population who may not have had any serious mental problems.

* 2008 – The New York Times reveals that Governor of New York Eliot Spitzer had patronized a prostitution service.

Fencing coach Andre Spitzer, who spoke fluent German, and shooting coach Kehat Shorr, the senior member of the Israeli delegation, had a brief conversation with German officials while standing at the second-floor window of the besieged building, with two kidnappers holding guns on them.

By 2005, the Spitzer Space Telescope had produced high resolution infrared images of the dust around Vega.

Before legal actions initiated by New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, which later became known as the Global Settlement enforcement agreement, some large investment firms had initiated favorable research coverage of companies in an effort to aid Corporate Finance departments and retail divisions engaged in the marketing of new issues.

The latter three are part of NASA's series of Great Observatories ; this series also includes the Spitzer Space Telescope, but this was not launched by a Space Shuttle and MSFC had no significant role in its development.

The reviewer Brian Spitzer, a professor of Biology, described Darwin on Trial as the most deceptive book he had ever read.

Two young single men named Spitzer and Reinhardt traveled with another German couple, the Wolfingers, who also had a hired driver, " Dutch Charley " Burger.

Furthermore, the report of Attorney General Elliot Spitzer noted that the WJC had implemented all of his recommendations to improve financial oversight and management.

On September 3, 2003, New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer announced the issuance of a complaint against New Jersey hedge fund company Canary Capital Partners LLC, charging that they had engaged in " late trading " in collusion with Bank of America's Nations Funds.

Nearly all of the fund firms charged by Spitzer with allowing market timing or late trading had settled with his office and the SEC between mid-2004 and mid-2005.

Seligman argued in its suit that Spitzer had overstepped his authority by attempting to oversee how Seligman's funds set their advisory fee and that the regulatory oversight of fees is left by Congress to the SEC.

When then-Governor Eliot Spitzer had the company dissolved, it was still unclear whether the recordings were meant to lay the groundwork for a financial scam, or were an attempt to " taint the jury pool " by spreading untrue rumors suggesting there had been a violent plan in the works.

" They said they had asked New York State Attorney General Andrew Cuomo and Governor Eliot Spitzer to reopen the case.

This was only months after Lyman Spitzer had started work on his stellarator design.

On March 10, 2008, The New York Times reported that New York Governor Eliot Spitzer had on the evening of February 13 patronized a high class prostitution service called Emperors Club VIP and met for over two hours with a $ 1, 000-an-hour call girl in room 871 of the Mayflower Hotel, where Spitzer registered under the pseudonym George Fox, but with his own Fifth Avenue Manhattan address.

Spitzer and Clark argued that the charge of murder was a state charge, not a federal charge, and Ashcroft had no jurisdiction in the matter.

Two days later, then-Attorney General of New York Eliot Spitzer, a supporter of same-sex marriage, issued an " informal opinion " stating that municipal clerks should not issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples since the New York State Legislature had not intended for the Domestic Relations Law to cover same-sex couples.

* March 3, 2004: The Office of New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer issues an " informal opinion " that clerks should not issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples as the state legislature had not intended same-sex marriages to be covered by the domestic relations law.

Suozzi's campaign was funded largely by big business, in the form of Home Depot co-founder Kenneth Langone, former NYSE CEO Richard Grasso, David Mack of the MTA, and many individuals on Wall Street who had been investigated and prosecuted by Eliot Spitzer.

On July 6, 2006, Suozzi announced to his followers that he had collected enough petitions to place himself on the ballot in the primary against Spitzer.

As the first question in the yes / no lightning round, moderator Dominick Carter of NY1 first asked Spitzer if he had plans to run for president and Spitzer said " No " whereupon Suozzi jumped immediately and emphatically and clearly enunciated, " Yes.