The former is often thought to reflect degeneration in the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution and the rise of Stalinism ; the latter, life under totalitarian rule.

Trotsky's ideas formed the basis of Trotskyism, a major school of Marxist thought that is opposed to the theories of Stalinism.

However, it is also used by some who repudiate the repressive aspects of Stalinism, such as the supporters of Nikita Khrushchev.

Stalinism is the ideology that Joseph Stalin conceived and implemented in the Soviet Union, and is generally considered a branch of Marxist – Leninist ideology but considered by some historians to be a significant deviation from this philosophy.

Stalinism is commonly used in a negative or pejorative manner due to the known extremely repressive political actions undertaken by Stalin.

Some analysts like Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in The Mortal Danger: Misconceptions about Soviet Russia and the Threat to America consider the use of the term " Stalinism " is an excuse to hide the inevitable effects of communism as a whole on human liberties.

Ticktin also argues that the problems of post-Soviet Russia-which are exacerbated by the continuing decline of capitalism-show that Russia is still, essentially, a " disintegrating Stalinism ".

A more current term for Left Shachtmanism is Third-Camp Trotskyism, the Third Camp being differentiated from capitalism and Stalinism.

While she is not known to have praised communism and Stalinism, she equally refused to criticize it.

Nowa Huta is the location of an award-winning film by Andrzej Wajda called the Man of Marble (), based on a true story of the rise and fall of a Stakhanovite bricklayer who helped build the new model socialist city in the course of the Stalinism in Poland.

He is well known in Germany, mainly because he has produced a great number of TV documentaries, predominantly about the " Third Reich " and National Socialism, but also about other topics, such as Stalinism.

As Roland appropriately stated in his article, “ the importance of Tarle ’ s books lies not in Tarle himself, or in his descent into falsification of history, it lies in the light it throws on Stalinism .” If this was the case accepted by the historians and by Marxists, it can be said that the high degree of the criticism faced by Tarle is nonsense.

On March 4, 1989 the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of its Soviet vestiges, is founded in Kyiv.

Trotskyism is the theory of communism as advocated by Leon Trotsky, or is more loosely used to denote various political currents claiming a tradition of Marxist and / or socialist opposition to both Stalinism and capitalism.

The Origins of Totalitarianism ( German Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft, i. e. Elements and origins of totalitarian rule ) is a book by Hannah Arendt which describes and analyzes the two major totalitarian movements of the 20th century, Nazism and Stalinism.

Though Serov is generally considered less significant than Lavrentiy Beria in modern literature, his actions helped to bring Stalinism to Europe and to intensify the Stalinist process in the Soviet Union.

Pătrăşcanu again served as the PCdR's representative to the Comintern in 1933, and 1934 ( remaining in Moscow until 1935 ), during which time he is thought to have developed doubts about Stalinism itself.

Although this term is mostly associated with Stalinism, the first major purge of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ranks was performed by Bolsheviks as early as 1921.

Caballero is traveling the country holding lectures against communist synchronizing and Stalinism.

Roy Aleksandrovich Medvedev (; born 14 November 1925, Tbilisi, Georgia ) is a Russian historian renowned as the author of the dissident history of Stalinism, Let History Judge (), first published in English in 1972.

Hari wrote that a meeting of the society at which he attended consisted only " of around 30 people is primarily-as you might expect-elderly to the point of decrepitude " and that " for these people, Stalinism has become a habit they can't shake off " ( although he noted there were a few young people ).

In effect the book exposes how, despite the honest intentions of Pankratov and older Bolsheviks like Kirov, Stalinism is destroying all their hopes.

He broke with Stalinism, becoming a " revisionist Marxist " advocating a humanist interpretation of Marx.

Many labor unions and workers ' parties worldwide were also influenced by Marxist ideas, while various theoretical variants, such as Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism, and Maoism, were developed from them.

Poster " Study the great path of the Lenin-Stalin Party " Simultaneously, however, many people who profess Marxism or Leninism view Stalinism as a perversion of their ideas ; Trotskyists, in particular, are virulently anti-Stalinist, considering Stalinism a counter-revolutionary style of governance that used vaguely Marxist-sounding rhetoric to achieve power.

The SWP has continued to publish numerous books by Trotsky and advocate a number of ideas commonly associated with Trotskyism, including Trotsky's analysis of " Stalinism ".

In 1985 they released a statement What we stand for that proclaimed their adherence to the ideas of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Trotsky but emphasized the theoretical contributions of Marx and Engels, Trotskys fight against Stalinism and Lenins " conception of the party, stress on the importance of national liberation struggles and the anti-statism shown in the State and Revolution ".

Sometimes, although rarely, the compound terms " Marxism – Leninism – Stalinism " ( used by the Brazilian MR-8 ), or teachings of Marx / Engels / Lenin / Stalin, are used to show the alleged heritage and succession.

More nuanced versions of this general view are to be found in the works of other Western historians, such as Robert Service, who notes that " institutionally and ideologically, Lenin laid the foundations for a Stalin ... but the passage from Leninism to the worse terrors of Stalinism was not smooth and inevitable.

With the failure of the worldwide revolution envisaged by Lenin and Trotsky, the Civil War, and finally Lenin's death, war measures that were deemed to be temporary, such as forced requisition of food and the lack of democratic control, became permanent and a tool to boost Stalin's power, leading to the emergence of Marxism – Leninism and Stalinism, as well as the notion that socialism can be created and exist in a single state.

Conquest argued that Stalinism was a natural consequence of the system established by Lenin, although he conceded that the personal character traits of Stalin had brought about the particular horrors of the late 1930s.

The FMLN was inspired by the ideologies of Farabundo Martí and Lenin and rejected Maoism and Stalinism.

Stalin initiated his own process of building a communist society, creating a variant of communism known as Stalinism and as a part of this he abandoned some of the capitalist, free market policies that had been allowed to continue under Lenin, such as the New Economic Policy.

Ström supported Lenin, Trotsky and the October Revolution, but he disagreed with Stalinism and in 1926 he found his way back to the Swedish Social Democratic Party, although he still considered himself a Communist.

Condemning Stalinism, Grimlund remained to call himself a Communist all his life, and kept a signed photograph of Lenin on the wall in his office.

It debated a range of resolutions on the Jewish Question, Stalinism, the colonial countries and the specific situations facing sections in certain countries.

Under Stalinism and until 1956 the Academy enjoyed certain freedoms with its authorities still elected.

They began to concentrate primarily on securing and maintaining their power base by killing all their political adversaries, and secondarily on preserving Albania's independence and reshaping the country according to the precepts of Stalinism so they could remain in power.

In post – Revolutionary Russia, Stalinism ( Socialism in one country ) and Trotskyism ( Permanent world revolution ) were the principal philosophies of Communism that claimed legitimate ideological descent from Leninism ' thus, within the Communist Party, each ideological faction denied the political legitimacy of the opposing faction.

Interspersing the dialogue with a chorus like commentary, the adaptation was heavily political and made reference to numerous twentieth century events, such as the rise of the Third Reich, Stalinism, the erection of the Berlin Wall and the attendant emigration and defection issues, and the 1973 Chilean coup d ' état.

Trotsky's Fourth International was established in France in 1938 when Trotskyists argued that the Comintern or Third International had become irretrievably " lost to Stalinism " and thus incapable of leading the international working class to political power.

Historically, the Fourth International was established in France in 1938: Trotsky and his supporters, having been expelled from the Soviet Union, considered the Comintern or Third International to have become " lost to " Stalinism and incapable of leading the international working class to political power.

In his book Theorizing Crime and Deviance, Hall argues that the idea has deep roots in the post-war cultural current of political catastrophism, an irrational fear that any form of moral condemnation or dialectical politics might lead to the sort of brutal authoritarianism that manifested itself in Nazism and Stalinism.

Nonetheless, since the mid-1950s, despite the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU ) having disowned Stalinism, the political culture of Stalinism — an omnipotent General Secretary, anti-Trotskyism, a five-year planned economy ( post-New Economic Policy ), and repudiation of the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact secret protocols — remained the character of Soviet society until the accession of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of the CPSU in 1985.

Indeed, Laurent Casanova and Marcel Servin pleaded for a critique of Stalinism in the light of the 1956 secret speech by Khrushchev, and they considered the political positions of the Gaullists to be distinct from the atlantist line of the government of the French Fourth Republic.

* The Trotskyist Dissence ( 1928 ): In mid-1928, PC-SBIC suffered its first schism, when a small group of Marxist intellectuals broke with the political theses of PC-SBIC influenced by Leon Trotsky's Left Opposition, and its criticism to Stalinism prevailing as the official ideology of the Communist International and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

He argued that Russia was a bureaucratically degenerated workers state in his work The Revolution Betrayed, where he predicted that if a political revolution of the working class did not overthrow Stalinism, the Stalinist bureaucracy would resurrect capitalism.

Their group in Germany waged a campaign in 1989 calling for political revolution against Stalinism and opposition to the capitalist reunification.

In December 1990, Living Marxism ran an article which argued that the corrosive effect of the collapse of both Stalinism and Reformism on the working class meant that " for the time being at least, the working class has no political existence ".

Yezhov was known as a devout Bolshevik and loyalist of Joseph Stalin, and in 1935 he wrote a paper on Stalinism in which he argued that since political unorthodoxy was impossible in a perfect Communist state ( such as the USSR ), any form of political opposition to Stalinist policies was actually evidence of conspiracy by " disloyal elements " to overthrow the Soviet state, thus requiring violence and state terrorism to " root out " these " enemies of the People "; this became in part the ideological basis of the purges.

Significant cultural ideologies such as Communism and Stalinism became the leading factors toward political and cultural change in the Soviet Union throughout 1914-1945.

Jan Kott ( October 27, 1914 – December 23, 2001 ) was a Polish political activist, critic and theoretician of the theatre ; a leading proponent of Stalinism in Poland after the Soviet takeover of the country.

He studied the genealogy of totalitarianism, arguing that political Messianism stemmed from the French Revolution, and stressed the similarities between Jacobinism and Stalinism.

Mrożek joined the Polish United Workers ' Party during the reign of Stalinism in the People's Republic of Poland, and made a living as political journalist.

He saw the New Deal as another example of the corporatism and concentration of political power which had given rise to Nazism and Stalinism.

The battle line between the political right in Germany and the Bolsheviks had achieved its aggressive contour before Stalinism employed methods that led to deaths of millions of people.

Many Ukrainian exile intellectuals and scholars involved in the analysis of Ukrainian literary history could not accept Tychnya's submission to political authority and apparent abandonment of many of his literary companions to the horrors of Stalinism.