The Standard Oil Company was slow to appreciate the economic potential of the Spindletop oil field, and the Gulf Coast generally, which gave greater opportunity to others ; Spindletop became the birthplace of oil giants Texaco and Gulf Oil.

Development Geography is the study of the Earth's geography with reference to the Standard of living and the Quality of life of its human inhabitants, study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities, across the Earth.

In Autumn 2011, Standard & Poor's and Moody's downgraded Italian sovereign debt rating because of " Italy's weakening economic growth prospects.

Standard Japanese has become prevalent nationwide ( including the Ryūkyū islands ) due to education, mass media, and an increase of mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration.

* International Standard Industrial Classification a UN system for economic activities

Standard economic theory states that any voluntary exchange is mutually beneficial to both parties involved in the trade.

One of the more well known trusts was the Standard Oil Company ; John D. Rockefeller in the 1870s and 1880s had used economic threats against competitors and secret rebate deals with railroads to build what was called a monopoly in the oil business, though some minor competitors remained in business.

In Modern Standard Arabic the term refers to markets in both the physical sense and the abstract economic sense ( e. g., an Arab would speak of the souq in the old city as well as the souq for oil, and would call the concept of the free market السوق الحر ّ as-sūq al-ḥurr ).

By 1900, the process of economic concentration had extended into most branches of industry — a few large corporations, some organized as " trusts " ( e. g. Standard Oil ), dominated in steel, oil, sugar, meatpacking, and the manufacture of agriculture machinery.

Standard economic theory suggests that a land value tax would be extremely efficient – unlike other taxes, it does not reduce economic productivity.

Examples of government-granted monopolies include cable television and water providers in many municipalities in the United States, exclusive petroleum exploration grants to companies such as Standard Oil in many countries, and historically, lucrative colonial " joint stock " companies such as the Dutch East India Company, which were granted exclusive trading privileges with colonial possessions under mercantilist economic policy.

* Standard Five: The information literate student understands many of the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information and accesses and uses information ethically and legally.

Moreover, the U. S. Supreme Court has reaffirmed Standard Oil's conclusion that analysis under the Rule of Reason should focus on the economic, and not social, consequences of a restraint.

An op-ed in the Canadian magazine Western Standard reported that the film was " pummelled by experts for getting basic economic facts wrong.

This economic program has culminated in Panama ’ s sovereign debt rating being upgraded to “ investment grade ” by Fitch, Moody ’ s, and Standard & Poor ’ s.

This led Schumpeter to argue that monopolies did not need to be broken up ( as with Standard Oil ) because the next gale of economic innovation would do the same.

Standard economic models (" neoclassical economics ") assume that people pursue only their own self-interest and do not care about " social " goals (" homo economicus ").

* Swedish Standard Industrial Classification, a Swedish economic classification system

According to International Accounting Standard ( IAS ) 16, Fixed Assets are assets whose future economic benefit is probable to flow into the entity, whose cost can be measured reliably.

Colijn's decision to adhere to the Gold Standard until 1937, long after most of the trading partners of the Netherlands had dropped it, also played a role in lengthening the economic crisis.

Its Clone Town campaign in favour of local economic diversity was covered two years running by every major national newspaper and TV news station and it was taken up in the Save Our Small Shops Campaign in the Evening Standard.

Central banks wanted a return to a gold-based economy for easing international trade and facilitating economic stability, but wanted a form of Gold Standard that " conserved " gold stocks-meaning that the gold remained in their vaults and day-to-day transactions were conducted with the representative paper notes.

Founded in 1866 by J. J. Vandergrift, in response to the economic activities of Standard Oil, as of September 2005, according to their site, they have about 80, 000 cars in their fleet.

Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden or latent language.

However, the Standard Model is widely considered to be a provisional theory rather than a truly fundamental one, since it is not known if it is compatible with Einstein's general relativity.

Gravitons are postulated because of the great success of quantum field theory ( in particular, the Standard Model ) at modeling the behavior of all other known forces of nature as being mediated by elementary particles: electromagnetism by the photon, the strong interaction by the gluons, and the weak interaction by the W and Z bosons.

As an approach to the unification of the forces, it is straightforward to apply the Kaluza – Klein theory in an attempt to unify gravity with the strong and electroweak forces by using the symmetry group of the Standard Model, SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ).

Standard theory says that, if set above the equilibrium price, more labor will be willing to be provided by workers than will be demanded by employers, creating a surplus of labor, i. e., unemployment.

* Standard Model, the theory in particle physics which describes certain fundamental forces and particles

On the other hand, the Standard Model of Particle physics uses quantum field theory to describe all interactions.

The current set of fundamental fields and their dynamics are summarized in a theory called the Standard Model, therefore particle physics is largely the study of the Standard Model's particle content and its possible extensions.

The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics.

In fact, gravity is in many ways a much better quantum field theory than the Standard Model, since it appears to be valid all the way up to its cutoff at the Planck scale.

) Furthermore, many theorists agree that even the Standard Model should really be regarded as an effective field theory as well, with " nonrenormalizable " interactions suppressed by large energy scales and whose effects have consequently not been observed experimentally.

Interaction in the subatomic world: world line s of point-like Subatomic particle | particle s in the Standard Model or a world sheet swept up by closed string ( physics ) | strings in string theory

Interaction in the subatomic world: world line s of point-like Subatomic particle | particle s in the Standard Model or a world sheet swept up by closed string ( physics ) | strings in string theory

Standard global warming theory predicts that the stratosphere will cool.

The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, which mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles.

Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is sometimes regarded as a " theory of almost everything ".

The Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general relativity, or predict the accelerating expansion of the universe ( as possibly described by dark energy ).

For theorists, the Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory, which exhibits a wide range of physics including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, non-perturbative behavior, etc.

More recently, theoretical interest in varying constants ( not just α ) has been motivated by string theory and other such proposals for going beyond the Standard Model of particle physics.

To train as a building services engineer, the academic requirements are GCSEs ( A-C ) / Standard Grades ( 1-3 ) in Maths and Science, which are important in measurements, planning and theory.

The usual usage of the term ' transformation ' in linguistics refers to a rule that takes an input typically called the Deep Structure ( in the Standard Theory ) or D-structure ( in the extended standard theory or government and binding theory ) and changes it in some restricted way to result in a Surface Structure ( or S-structure ).