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Stanol ester was developed by Ingmar Wester, a Finnish chemist.
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Stanol and ester
Stanol ester is a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds known to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol in blood when ingested, though to a much lesser degree than prescription drugs such as statins.
Stanol ester is often added to rapeseed oil based margarine or other foods for its health benefits.
# REDIRECT Stanol ester
* Stanol ester
Stanol and .
Stanol esters are a heterogeneous group of phytosterol esters with a saturated sterol ring structure known to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol in blood when ingested.
ester and was
According to Ferdinand Bohlmann, the first naturally occurring acetylenic compound, dehydromatricaria ester, was isolated from an Artemisia species in 1826.
The word ' ester ' was coined in 1848 by German chemist Leopold Gmelin, probably as a contraction of the German Essigäther-acetic ether.
This " route " differed from the MIC-free routes used elsewhere, in which the same raw materials were combined in a different manufacturing order, with phosgene first reacting with naphthol to form a chloroformate ester, which was then reacted with methyl amine.
The odor was found to be an ester associated with fenugreek seed processing.
In this context a substitution reaction was one such as alcohol + acid ester + water.
By reversing the ester of the meperidine skeleton, a then-legally uncontrolled drug approaching the potency of morphine was produced.
Initially, the value of the method developed by Evans and coworkers was proved by successfully converting the resulting alpha-hydroxy ester into the corresponding methyl ester, free acid, Weinreb amide and alpha-azido ester, without any racemization, as shown in Figure 18.
In a study with mice, T. terrestris was shown to enhance mounting activity and erection better than testosterone cypionate ; however, testosterone cypionate is a synthetic ester of testosterone engineered for its longer activity, rather than an immediate effect.
The enantiopurity of the chiral sulfoxide is preserved in the ultimate product after oxidation of the boronic ester to the alcohol indicating that a true carbene was never involved in the sequence.
In the original scope the arene was 2-bromobenzoic acid, the carbon nucleophile a malonic ester and other dicarbonyl compounds and the base sodium ethoxide.
ester and developed
More recently, esters of DMSA have been developed which are reportedly more effective ; for example, the monoisoamyl ester ( MiADMSA ) is reportedly more effective than DMSA at clearing mercury and cadmium.
Diazinon ( IUPAC name: O, O-Diethyl O-phosphorothioate ), a colorless to dark brown liquid, is a thiophosphoric acid ester developed in 1952 by Ciba-Geigy, a Swiss chemical company ( later Novartis and then Syngenta ).
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* from reaction of a triphenylphosphinyl ester with an acid halide, a Wittig reaction accompanied by dehydrohalogenation
The peptide or ester bonds between monomers can be hydrolysed by acid catalysts or bacterial enzymes breaking the polymer chain into smaller pieces.
DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds.
Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their explosive properties, while polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties.
In humans, probably the most relevant pathway is the indirect one, which is mediated by cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP ).
The glycerophospholipids are amphipathic molecules ( containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions ) that contain a glycerol core linked to two fatty acid-derived " tails " by ester linkages and to one " head " group by a phosphate ester linkage.
The choice of heroin and morphine over other opioids by former-drug addicts may also be the result of the fact that heroin ( also known as morphine diacetate, diamorphine or di-acetyl-morphine ) is an ester salt of morphine and a morphine prodrug, essentially meaning that they are identical drugs in vivo.
DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds.
In inteins, the new ester bond is broken by an intramolecular attack by the soon-to-be C-terminal asparagine.
The AA is joined by its carboxyl group to the 3 ' OH of the tRNA by an ester bond.
The resulting ethoxylate is converted to a half ester of sulfuric acid, which is neutralized by conversion to the sodium salt.
The borate ester is volatile and can be removed from the reaction mixture by distillation.
The ester and phenolic aspects are produced by the special type of yeast, rather than the high fraction of wheat in the grain bill.
Esters with larger alkoxy groups can be made from methyl or ethyl esters in high purity by heating the mixture of ester, acid / base, and large alcohol and evaporating the small alcohol to drive equilibrium.
Synthetic tetraesters, which are similar to vegetable oils but with four fatty acid chains compared to the normal three found in a natural ester, are manufactured by Fischer esterification.
The amino acid is joined by its carboxyl group to the 3 ' OH of the tRNA by an ester bond.
He cites experiments performed by Julius Rebek and his colleagues at the Scripps Research Institute in California in which they combined amino adenosine and pentafluorophenyl ester with the autocatalyst amino adenosine triacid ester ( AATE ).
ester and .
Chemically, Agent Orange is an approximately 1: 1 mixture of two phenoxyl herbicides – 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2, 4-D ) and 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2, 4, 5-T ) – in iso-octyl ester form.
A carboxylic acid ester.
For example, triphenyl phosphate is the ester derived from phosphoric acid and phenol.
Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants ( typically an alcohol and an acid ) form an ester as the reaction product.
For example, an ester ( RCOOR ') has an ester functional group ( COOR ) and is composed of an alkoxy moiety (- OR ') and an acyl moiety ( RCO -), or, equivalently, it may be divided into carboxylate ( RCOO -) and alkyl (- R ') moieties.
Fats therefore have " ester " bonds.
A plasma enzyme called lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase ( LCAT ) converts the free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester ( a more hydrophobic form of cholesterol ), which is then sequestered into the core of the lipoprotein particle, eventually making the newly synthesized HDL spherical.
Their hydrolysis occurs when the nucleophile ( a nucleus-seeking agent, e. g., water or hydroxyl ion ) attacks the carbon of the carbonyl group of the ester or amide.
Currently, the most widely used extractant for the purification of lanthanum and the other lanthanides is the 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid ; this has better handling characteristics than the previously used bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphate.
The hydrolysis of the ester bonds of triglycerides and the release of glycerol and fatty acids from adipose tissue are the initial steps in metabolising fat.
* EC 6. 5 includes ligases used to form phosphoric ester bonds
For example, while bacterial cell membranes are made from phosphoglycerides with ester bonds, archaean membranes are made of ether lipids.
The macrolide ring is the lactone ( cyclic ester ) at upper-left.
Acidic polysaccharides are polysaccharides that contain carboxyl groups, phosphate groups and / or sulfuric ester groups.
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