The doctrine was specifically enshrined in some state constitutions, and by 1803 it had been employed in both State and Federal courts in actions dealing with state statutes, but only insofar as the statutes conflicted with the language of state constitutions.

State constitutions provide free speech protections similar to those of the U. S. Constitution.

All three constitutions contain, in the section on Principles, the sentence, " The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable ", echoing Jefferson's famous phrase.

Following the Sonderbund war and the formation of the Swiss Federal State, Zurich voted in favour of the Federal constitutions of 1848 and of 1874.

State constitutions determine what role a governor plays.

Although the theory has been codified into both the State and Party constitutions alongside Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory, its actual effect has yet to be assessed, and it seems to be losing ground to Hu Jintao's Scientific Development Concept and Harmonious Society ideologies within the party.

Category: State constitutions of the United States

Category: State constitutions of the United States

State legislatures reduced voting by blacks by passing more restrictive electoral and voter registration rules, amending constitutions to the same ends from 1890 – 1910, and passing Jim Crow laws to establish racial segregation and restrict labor rights, movement and organizing by blacks.

* establishing the foundations of state sovereignty during the course of the Second World War, by the decisions of the Antifascist Council of National Liberation of Croatia ( 1943 ), as opposed to the proclamation of the Independent State of Croatia ( 1941 ), and subsequently in the Constitution of the People's Republic of Croatia ( 1947 ) and all later constitutions of the Socialist Republic of Croatia ( 1963-1990 ), on the threshold of the historical changes, marked by the collapse of the communist system and changes in the European international order, the Croatian nation by its freely expressed will at the first democratic elections ( 1990 ) reaffirmed its millenniary statehood.

Suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt calculated that the campaign for women's right to vote had involved 56 referendum campaigns directed at male voters, plus 480 campaigns to get Legislatures to submit suffrage amendments to voters, 47 campaigns to get constitutional conventions to write woman suffrage into state constitutions ; 277 campaigns to get State party conventions to include woman suffrage planks, 30 campaigns to get presidential party campaigns to include woman suffrage planks in party platforms and 19 campaigns with 19 successive Congresses.

Each State, irrespective of whether it has a Sultan as its Ruler, has its own State constitution but for uniformity, all State constitutions must have a standard set of essential provisions ( See Art.

State constitutions and laws also mandate which body has responsibility over drawing the state legislature boundaries.

: D. Specific stipulations concerning Holy Places, religious buildings or sites and the rights of religious communities shall be inserted in the constitution or constitutions of any independent Palestinian State or States which may be created.

This contrasted with many 1920s constitutions, notably the Irish Free State Constitution of 1922, which, following the secularism of the initial period following the First World War, simply prohibited any discrimination based on religion or avoided religious issues entirely.

The present Constitution of the State of Kansas was originally known as the Wyandotte Constitution to distinguish it from three proposed constitutions that preceded it.

Category: State constitutions of the United States

Alabama has had 6 constitutions to date: 1819 ( Converting Alabama Territory into a State ), 1861 ( Secession ), 1865 ( Reconstruction ), 1868 ( Ending reconstruction ), 1875, and the current 1901 constitution.

The Alabama Constitution, in common with all State constitutions, defines the standard tripartite government.

* Section 86 mandates that " The legislature shall pass such penal laws as it may deem expedient to suppress the evil practice of dueling " ( this is not unique to the Alabama Constitution ; other State constitutions have similar provisions ).

Category: State constitutions of the United States

and now, therefore, do I, John A. Notte, Jr., governor of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, proclaim the week of april 29th to may 7th, 1961, as Rhode Island Heritage Week, advising our citizens that throughout this week many historic houses and beautiful gardens will be open to visitors as well as industrial plants, craft shops, museums and libraries and I earnestly urge all to take advantage of these opportunities to see as many of these places as they can during this outstanding week.

and ( C ) to finance, for not more than three years beyond the end of said period, such activities as are required to correlate, coordinate, and round out the results of studies and research undertaken pursuant to this Act: Provided, That funds available in any one year for research and development may, subject to the approval of the Secretary of State to assure that such activities are consistent with the foreign policy objectives of the United States, be expended in cooperation with public or private agencies in foreign countries in the development of processes useful to the program in the United States: And provided further, That every such contract or agreement made with any public or private agency in a foreign country shall contain provisions effective to insure that the results or information developed in connection therewith shall be available without cost to the United States for the use of the United States throughout the world and for the use of the general public within the United States.

This may just be pride in my adopted State of Washington, but certainly I love to visit their mound cities near Yakima and Prosser in July or August, when the bees are in their most active period.

Justices Frankfurter and Jackson dissented: `` One State may cherish formalities more than another, one State may be more responsive than another to procedural reforms.

The reason for this bears explaining for those who may wonder why State spends so much of its diplomatic energy on Congress when the Russians are so available.

The statutes, similar in both the Bay State and Rhode Island and dating back in some instances to colonial times, severely limit the types of merchandise that may be sold on the Sabbath.

With regard to historic properties ( those properties that are listed or that are eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, or properties designated as historic under State or local law ), those facilities must still comply with the provisions of Title III of the ADA to the " maximum extent feasible " but if following the usual standards would " threaten to destroy the historic significance of a feature of the building " then alternative standards may be used.

Rogers stated that " one may see that Solitude and Retirement from the World is not such an unsufferable State of Life as most Men imagine, especially when People are fairly call'd or thrown into it unavoidably, as this Man was ".

In terms of ultra vires actions in the broad sense, a reviewing court may set aside an administrative decision if it is unreasonable ( under Canadian law, following the rejection of the " Patently Unreasonable " standard by the Supreme Court in Dunsmuir v. New Brunswick ), Wednesbury unreasonable ( under British law ), or arbitrary and capricious ( under U. S. Administrative Procedure Act and New York State law ).

Smaller containers may be made of glass, aluminum or plastic. Lone Star State Edition Budweiser On August 3, 2011, Budweiser announced its twelfth can design since 1936, one which emphasizes the bowtie.

* Even if victims recognize their own role as victims, they may not have the resources to investigate and seek legal redress for the injuries suffered: the enforcers formally appointed by the State often have better access to expertise and resources.

People may find such law acceptable, but the use of State power to coerce citizens to comply with that law lacks moral justification.

Species in the Appendices may be proposed for addition, change of Appendix, or de-listing ( i. e., deletion ) by any Party, whether or not it is a range State and changes may be made despite objections by range States if there is sufficient ( 2 / 3 majority ) support for the listing.

First, State coercion may very easily be arbitrary – indeed technically very specific, according to the above definition.

In May 2010, the Washington State Supreme Court provided an opinion after it was asked to certify a question referred by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington: “ Whether a public library, consistent with Article I, § 5 of the Washington Constitution, may filter Internet access for all patrons without disabling Web sites containing constitutionally-protected speech upon the request of an adult library patron .” The Washington State Supreme Court ruled that NCRL ’ s internet filtering policy did not violate Article I, Section 5 of the Washington State Constitution.

" Refusing to give a literal reading to the state-granted charter of the Southern Pacific Railroad, which specified that the company could " collect and receive such tariffs ... as it may prescribe, Hughes contended that this clause " necessarily implies that the charges shall be reasonable and does not detract from the power of the State ... to prescribe reasonable rates.

Trap Pond State Park in Sussex County, for example, supports what may be one of the northernmost stands of bald cypress.

The following table shows, for selected years, the authorizations, appropriations, allotment base, Federal grants to States and State matching funds for this part of the grant program:

* 1865 – The New York State Senate creates Cornell University as the state's land grant institution.

In 1968, with the help of a grant from the New York State Council on the Arts, McLean began reaching a wider public, with visits to towns up and down the Hudson River.

The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New York State Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

Iowa Agricultural College ( Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts as of 1898 ), as a land grant institution, focused on the ideals that higher education should be accessible to all and that the university should teach liberal and practical subjects.

State courts have varied as to whether they grant property to congregations or presbyteries in disputes, with states like Louisiana and Kansas deferring to local congregations.

According to the constitution, it is incumbent upon the King: to sanction and promulgate laws ; to summon and dissolve the Cortes Generales ( the Parliament ) and to call elections ; to call a referendum under the circumstances provided in the constitution ; to propose a candidate for prime minister, and to appoint or remove him from office, as well as other ministers ; to issue the decrees agreed upon by the Council of Ministers ; to confer civil and military positions, and to award honors and distinctions ; to be informed of the affairs of the State, presiding over the meetings of the Council of Ministers whenever opportune ; to exercise supreme command of the Spanish Armed Forces, to exercise the right to grant pardons, in accordance to the law ; and to exercise the High Patronage of the Royal Academies.

In 2008, the New York State budget provided St. John Fisher College with a $ 2 million grant to explore the feasibility of opening a law school in downtown Rochester.

* February 16 – Kansas State Agricultural College is established as the first land grant college created under the 1862 Morrill Act.

Phil Karn sued the State Department in 1994 over cryptography export controls after they ruled that, while the book Applied Cryptography could legally be exported, a floppy disk containing a verbatim copy of code printed in the book was legally a munition and required an export permit, which they refused to grant.

The Governor has the powers and responsibilities to: sign or veto laws passed by the Legislature, including a line item veto ; appoint judges, subject to ratification by the electorate ; propose a state budget ; give the annual State of the State address ; command the state militia ; and grant pardons for any crime, except cases involving impeachment by the Legislature.

If new hospitals are set up in occupied territory and if the competent organs of the occupied State are not operating there, the occupying authorities shall, if necessary, grant them the recognition provided for in Article 18.

He even entertained a peace treaty proposed by Botha and the other Boer leaders that would have maintained the sovereignty of the South African Republican and the Orange Free State while requiring them to sign a perpetual treaty of alliance with the UK and grant major concessions to the UK such as equal rights for English with Dutch in their countries, voting rights for Uitlanders, and a customs and railway union with the Cape Colony and Natal, although he knew the government in the UK would reject the offer.

Commonly known as NC State, the university is part of the University of North Carolina system and is a land, sea, and space grant institution.

On 17 May 1948, on the third day of Israel's independence, the Soviet Union granted de jure recognition to the State of Israel, becoming only the second country to recognise Israel ( preceded only by the United States ' de facto recognition ) and the first country to grant Israel de jure recognition.

Their efforts proved successful and the Danbury Museum and Historical Society received a grant from the State of Connecticut, relocated the structure, restored it, and opened it to the public in 2004.

Using the ZAR refusal to grant Uitlander franchise as a pretext, the British therefore planned annexation of Transvaal, as a continuation of their seizure years prior of the former Orange Free State and the immense diamond fields of Kimberley therein.

When the General Colonization Law went into effect in 1824, followed by the 1825 State Colonization Law of Coahuila y Tejas, Robert Leftwich obtained a grant to settle 800 families in Texas.

In August 2006, it was announced that a new ethanol production facility would receive a package of $ 5. 5 million Opportunity Returns grant from the State.

:* Piman Settlement Survey in the Middle Santa Cruz River Valley, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, report submitted to Arizona State Parks in fulfillment of survey and planning grant contract requirements, 1993.

In August 2001, the City of Fillmore introduced its first traffic enforcement motorcycle, a BMW bike, which was purchased with technology grant funds from the State.

In 1994, the city bought the Schaumburg Regional Airport from its formerly-private owners and refurbished it with 90 % of the funds for the purchase and refurbishment acquired by federal grant, 5 % from the State of Illinois, 2. 5 % Cook County and the Village putting up the remaining 2. 5 % with the village gaining 100 % control of the property.

In 2006 the Towanda Area Historical Society partnered with the Towanda District Library to obtain a digital imaging grant from the Illinois State Library entitled “ Capturing Towanda ’ s Past for Eternity ”.