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Stilicho is alleged by some to have wanted control of both Emperors, and is supposed to have had Rufinus assassinated by Gothic mercenaries in 395 ; though definite proof of Stilicho's involvement in the assassination is lacking, the intense competition and political jealousies engendered by the two figures compose the main thread of the first part of Arcadius ' reign.
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Stilicho and is
* 406 – Radagaisus is executed after he is defeated by the Roman army under Stilicho.
Her scheduled marriage is mentioned in the text as the third union between Stilicho's family and the Theodosian dynasty, following those of Stilicho to Serena and Maria, their daughter, to Honorius.
In the Eunapian section, for example, he is pessimistic, vague, and critical of Stilicho ; in the Olympiodoran section, he offers precise figures and transliterations from the Latin, and favors Stilicho.
He spends the winter in the Po Valley and is observed by Stilicho, who lacks sufficient strength to prepare an offensive against the invading German tribes.
His 3-year-old half-sister, Galla Placidia, is send to Rome where she spent her childhood in the household of Stilicho and his wife Serena.
* August 22 – Stilicho is accused of treason against Honorius and is decapitated at Ravenna.
Despite his father's origins there is little to suggest that Stilicho considered himself anything other than a Roman, and his high rank within the Empire suggests that he was probably not Arian like many Germanic Christians but rather a Nicene Christian like his patron Theodosius I, who declared Nicene Christianity the official religion of the Empire.
The exact reasons for this are unclear, but it is possible that Stilicho planned to employ Alaric and his battle-hardened troops as allies against the bands of Alans, Vandals and Sueves that were threatening to invade the West.
They were angry at Stilicho for this, and one of the most outspoken of them, Lampadius, famously said “ Non est ista pax, sed pactio servitutis ( This is not a treaty of peace, but of servitude ).”
* Stilicho is the main protagonist in the 1901 novel Stilicho by Felix Dahn ( a part of the Kleine Romane aus der Völkerwanderung series ), where he is portrayed as a loyal and honest general.
* In Invasio Barbarorum, a modification of the strategy game Rome: Total War, Stilicho is a western Roman general.
For events after 404, Zosimus is a main source, although as a Byzantine, he felt a strong distaste for Stilicho.
It is noteworthy that Rutilius speaks of the crime of Stilicho in terms far different from those used by Orosius and the historians of the later empire.
This crime of Stilicho alone is sufficient, in the eyes of Rutilius, to account for the disasters that afterwards befell the city, just as Flavius Merobaudes, a generation or two later, traced the miseries of his own day to the overthrow of the ancient rites of Vesta.
Stilicho and by
Alaric's first appearance was as the leader of a mixed band of Goths and allied peoples who invaded Thrace in 391, who were stopped by the half-Vandal Roman General Stilicho.
In 401 Alaric invaded Italy, but he was defeated by the Roman half-Vandal general Flavius Stilicho at Pollentia ( modern Pollenza ) on April 6, 402.
According to Claudian, Stilicho was in a position to destroy the Goths when he was ordered by Arcadius to leave Illyricum.
From there Alaric escaped with difficulty, and not without some suspicion of connivance by Stilicho, who supposedly had again received orders to depart.
After spreading desolation through North Italy and striking terror into the citizens of Rome, Alaric was met by Stilicho at Pollentia, today in Piedmont.
As emperors, Honorius was under the control of the Romanized Vandal magister militum Flavius Stilicho while Arcadius was dominated by one of his ministers, Rufinus.
Arcadius was dominated for the rest of his rule by Anthemius, the Praetorian Prefect, who made peace with Stilicho in the West.
His reign was supported by his principal general, Flavius Stilicho, who was successively Honorius's guardian ( during his childhood ) and his father-in-law ( after the emperor became an adult ).
During the first part of his reign Honorius depended on the military leadership of the general Stilicho, who had been appointed by Theodosius and was of mixed Vandal and Roman ancestry.
It was eventually subdued by Stilicho, under the local command of Mascezel, the brother of Gildo.
In 405 Stilicho met an invasion of Italy led across the Danube by Radagaisus.
In early 408, Stilicho attempted to strengthen his position at court by marrying his second daughter, Thermantia, to Honorius after the death of the empress Maria in 407 Another invasion by Alaric was prevented in 408 by Stilicho when he forced the Roman Senate to pay 4, 000 pounds of gold to persuade the Goths to leave Italy.
According to " De Consulatu Stilichonis " by Claudian, Placidia was betrothed to Eucherius, only known son of Stilicho and Serena.
Around 396 there were increasing barbarian incursions into Britain, and an expedition — possibly led by Stilicho — brought naval action against the raiders.
Finally, after the western general Stilicho was executed by Honorius in 408 and the Roman legions massacred the families of 30, 000 barbarian soldiers serving in the Roman army, Alaric declared war.
Stilicho and some
Stilicho was forced to send some of his Eastern forces home.
Stilicho and have
To do so, Stilicho may have needed to legitimize Alaric's control of Illyricum.
The historical or political poems connected with Stilicho have a manuscript tradition separate from the rest of his work, an indication that they were likely published as an independent collection, perhaps by Stilicho himself after Claudian's death.
In the East, Arcadius died on 1st May 408 and was replaced by his son Theodosius II ; Stilicho seems to have planned to march to Constantinople, and to install there a regime loyal to himself.
The conspirators seem to have let their main army disintegrate, and had no policy except hunting down supporters of Stilicho.
Stilicho and control
In late 406, Stilicho demanded the return of the eastern half of Illyricum ( which had been transferred to the administrative control of Constantinople by Theodosius ), threatening war if the Eastern Roman Empire resisted.
Without a strong general like Stilicho to control the by-now mostly barbarian army, Honorius could do little to break the siege, and adopted a passive strategy trying to wait out Alaric, hoping to regather his forces to defeat the Visigoths in the meantime.
In addition, Stilicho tried for the rest of his life to reunite the Eastern and Western courts under his personal control, but in doing so achieved only the continued hostility of all of Arcadius's successive supreme ministers.
alt = The Monza diptych, Stilicho with his familyStilicho moved with his remaining mobile forces into Greece, a clear threat to Rufinus's control of the Eastern empire.
Stilicho and both
Stilicho joined the Roman army and rose through the ranks during the reign of Theodosius I, who ruled the Eastern half of the Roman Empire from Constantinople, and who was to become the last Emperor to rule both the Eastern and Western halves of the Empire jointly.
As both were underage, Theodosius had appointed Stilicho as the caretaker for Honorius until he came of age.
Stilicho has appeared in a number of fictional works, both as protagonist and as antagonist.
* Claudian at LacusCurtius ( A collection of Claudian's works in both Latin and English, including his panegyrics for Stilicho.
One of the most powerful late Roman generals, a Vandal called Stilicho, was born of parents who were both from the ranks of the foederati.
For most of the time, the actual rulers in the West were military strongmen who took the titles of magister militum, patrician, or both, such as Stilicho, Aetius, and Ricimer.
She and Stilicho had a son, Eucherius, and two daughters, Maria and Thermantia, both of whom married Honorius.
It fell upon the generals Flavius Stilicho and Timasius both to restore discipline to the legions and to bring them back up to strength through recruitment and conscription.
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