* Strabo Geographia 17 Books Commentary Isaac Casaubon Paris 1620

In Chapter XVI of his Geographia, Strabo mentions several " Chaldaen " astronomers.

5, 31 ( see under " cenabuns ); Strabo Geographia iv. 2-3 ; Ptolemy Geographia, ii. 8.

* Rhinocorura, a desert location on the border between Ancient Egypt and the Land of Israel mentioned by Strabo ( Geographia XVI, 2, 31-32 ) and Diodorus Siculus ( Historic Library Vol 1, Chap.

The Greek geographer Strabo mentioned the Seres in his " Geographia ", written early in the 1st century, in two passages.

" ( Strabo, Geographia, Book XV, Chap I ).

:" they extended their empire even as far as the Seres and the Phryni " ( Strabo, quoting Apollodorus of Artemita, Geographia, XI. XI. I ).

According to Strabo ( Geographia, v 1 ), at the beginning the name indicated the land between the strait of Messina and the line connecting the gulf of Salerno and gulf of Taranto ; later Italia was extended to include the whole Italian peninsula, as well as the Istrian town of Colonia Pietas Iulia ( Pola ); finally, Julius Caesar gave Roman citizenship to the people of the Gallia Transpadana — that part of Cisalpine Gaul that lay " beyond the Po "—, thus extending Italia up to the Alps.

" ( Strabo, Geographia, 11. 11. 1 )

:" Accordingly, if the distance from Hyrcania to Artemita in Babylonia is eight thousand stadia, as is stated by Apollodorus of Artemita, and the distance from there to the mouth of the Persian Sea another eight thousand, and again eight thousand, or a little less, to the places that lie on the same parallel as the extremities of Ethiopia, there would remain of the above-mentioned breadth of the inhabited world the distance which I have already given, 14 from the recess of the Hyrcanian Sea to the mouth of that sea " ( Strabo, Geographia, 11. 11. 1 )

Strabo also registers stray comments on Myron, especially a large group at Samos ; several surviving heads were identified as copies of Myron's Samian Athena by C. K.

Fra Mauro also comments that the account of this expedition, together with the relation by Strabo of the travels of Eudoxus of Cyzicus from Arabia to Gibraltar through the southern Ocean in Antiquity, led him to believe that the Indian Ocean was not a closed sea and that Africa could be circumnavigated by her southern end ( Text from Fra Mauro map, 11, G2 ).

Strabo ( 7. 2. 1, 4 and 7. 3. 1 ) states that the Cimbri still live on the peninsula ( Jutland ) where they always did, even though some of them liked to wander.

According to Strabo, writing two centuries after the events, rather than being destroyed by the Romans like their Celtic neighbours, " the Boii were merely driven out of the regions they occupied ; and after migrating to the regions round about the Ister, lived with the Taurisci, and carried on war against the Daci until they perished, tribe and all — and thus they left their country, which was a part of Illyria, to their neighbours as a pasture-ground for sheep.

The classicist Roger Bagnall estimated that there was one bureaucrat for every 5 – 10, 000 people in Egypt based on 400 or 800 bureaucrats for 4 million inhabitants ( no one knows the population of the province in 300 AD ; Strabo 300 years earlier put it at 7. 5 million, excluding Alexandria ).

There is reference on a Greek papyrus from 163 BCE to the procedure being conducted on girls in Memphis, the ancient Egyptian capital, and Strabo ( c. 64 BCE – c. 23 CE ), the Greek geographer, reported it when he visited Egypt in 25 BCE.

Strabo, writing late in Augustus's reign, claims that taxes on trade brought in more annual revenue than any conquest could.

Strabo states that the Lombards dwelt on both sides of the Elbe.

* Labyrinth of Egypt Archaeological site reconstruction and 3D diagrams based on the writings of Herodotus and Strabo.

The last link is supplied by Strabo, who says that an emporium on the island of Corbulo in the mouth of the Loire was associated with the Britain of Pytheas by Polybius.

Strabo wants to discredit Pytheas on the grounds that 40000 stadia is outrageously high and cannot be real.

Strabo uses the degrees, based on Hipparchus.

Hipparchus, relying on the authority of Pytheas ( says Strabo ), states that the ratio is the same as for Byzantium and that the two therefore are on the same parallel.

Strabo gives it as 24 °, which may be based on a previous tangent of Pytheas, but he does not say.

Hipparchus, through Strabo, adds that Byzantium and the mouth of the Borysthenes, today's Dnepr river, were on the same meridian and were separated by 3700 stadia, 5. 3 ° at Strabo's 700 stadia per a degree of meridian arc.

Hipparchus, relying on Pytheas, according to Strabo, places this area south of Britain, but he, Strabo, calculates that it is north of Ierne.

Strabo, based on theory alone, states that Ierne is so cold that any lands north of it must be uninhabited.

In the hindsight given to moderns Pytheas, in relying on observation in the field, appears more scientific than Strabo, who discounted the findings of others merely because of their to him strangeness.

Still, some of the Celtic lands were on the channel and were visible from it, which Pytheas should have mentioned but Strabo implies he did not.

In fact, observations made by Polybius, in conjunction with passages from Strabo and Scylax, allowed the discovery of the location of the lost city of Kydonia on Crete.

According to Strabo ( 1. 1. 9 ), Seleucus was the first to state that the tides are due to the attraction of the Moon, and that the height of the tides depends on the Moon's position relative to the Sun.

* Strabo publishes his book on the shape of the Earth.

The major source of materials on the Celts of Gaul was Poseidonios of Apamea, whose writings were quoted by Timagenes, Julius Caesar, the Sicilian Greek Diodorus Siculus, and the Greek geographer Strabo.

Observations on tides were recorded by Aristotle and Strabo.

Unlike the Aristotelian Xenarchus and Tyrannion that preceded him in teaching Strabo, Athenodorus was Stoic in mindset, almost certainly the source of Strabo's diversion from the philosophy of his former mentors.

Arsaces, the chieftain of the nomadic ( Dahae ) tribe of the Parni, fled before him into Parthia and there defeated and killed Andragoras, the former satrap and self-proclaimed king of Parthia, and became the founder of the Parthian Empire ( Strabo l. c .).

The Megali Idea implied the goal of reviving the Byzantine Empire by establishing a Greek state, which would be, as ancient geographer Strabo wrote, a Greek world encompassing mostly the former Byzantine lands from the Ionian Sea to the west, to Asia Minor and the Black Sea to the east, and from Thrace, Macedonia and Epirus to the north, to Crete and Cyprus to the south.

Strabo also attests two rivers viz: Cyrus ( modern Kura ) and Cambyses or Kambyses ( modern Jori or Jora ), the latter was a tributary of the former.

The presence of the former was because it was the starting-point of a canal which ran parallel to the road through the Pontine Marshes, and was used instead of it at the time of Strabo and Horace ( see Appian way ).

The new town which Strabo saw was remarkable for its temple of Artemis Leucophryeno, which in size and the number of its treasures was surpassed by the temple of Ephesus, but in beauty and the harmony of its parts was superior to all the temples in Asia Minor.

In legend, Amarynthus ( a form of Amarantus ) was a hunter of Artemis and king of Euboea ; in a village of Amarynthus, of which he was the eponymous hero, there was a famous temple of Artemis Amarynthia or Amarysia ( Strabo x.

The settlements to which Strabo refers ( viii.

The 4th century BC writer Theopompus, quoted by Strabo, describes how heating earth from Andeira in Turkey produced " droplets of false silver ", probably metallic zinc, which could be used to turn copper into oreichalkos.

Both terms, vasco and basque, are inherited from Latin ethnonym Vascones which in turn goes back to the Greek term οὐασκώνους ( ouaskōnous ), an ethnonym used by Strabo in his Geographica ( 23 CE, Book III ).

Diogenes says that he abdicated the kingship ( basileia ) in favor of his brother and Strabo confirms that there was a ruling family in Ephesus descended from the Ionian founder, Androclus, which still kept the title and could sit in the chief seat at the games, as well as a few other privileges.

Greek sources including Strabo say that Midas committed suicide by drinking bulls ' blood during an attack by the Cimmerians, which Eusebius dated to around 695 BC and Julius Africanus to around 676 BC.

Several works among the best known during this long period could be cited as an example, from Strabo ( Geography ), Eratosthenes ( Geography ) or Dionisio Periegetes ( Periegesis Oiceumene ) in the Ancient Age to the Alexander von Humboldt ( Cosmos ) in the century XIX, in which geography is regarded as a physical and natural science, of course, through the work Summa de Geografía of Martín Fernández de Enciso from the early sixteenth century, which is indicated for the first time the New World.

Moreover, says Strabo, none of the other authors mention Thule, a fact which he uses to discredit Pytheas, but which to moderns indicates Pytheas was the first explorer to arrive there and tell of it.

Strabo says that Pytheas gave an account of " what is beyond the Rhine as far as Scythia ", which he, Strabo, thinks is false.

Nevertheless Pytheas did obtain latitudes, which, according to Strabo, he expressed in proportions of the gnōmōn (" index "), or trigonometric tangents of angles of elevation to celestial bodies.

Nansen and others prefer to give the cotangent 209 / 600, which is the inverse of the tangent, but the angle is greater than 45 ° and it is the tangent that Strabo states.

A statement of Eratosthenes attributed by Strabo to Pytheas, that the north of the Iberian Peninsula was an easier passage to Celtica than across the Ocean, is somewhat ambiguous: apparently he knew or knew of both routes, but he does not say which he took.

He, along with Philo of Byzantium, Strabo, Herodotus and Diodoros of Sicily, is attributed with the list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which he described in a poem composed about 140 BC:

Strabo speaks of it as one of the places on the north coast of Sicily which, in his time, still deserved the name of cities ; and Pliny gives it the title of a Colonia.

Strabo is most famous for his 17-volume work Geographica, which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known to his era.

< p > But Strabo rejects this theory as insufficient to account for all the phenomena, and he proposes one of his own, the profoundness of which modern geologists are only beginning to appreciate.

According to the Roman historian Strabo, the river named Aesontius which in Roman times flowed past Aquileia to the Adriatic Sea was essentially the Natisone and Torre river system.

A lost passage of Pindar quoted by Strabo was the earliest traceable reference in this context: " the pillars which Pindar calls the ' gates of Gades ' when he asserts that they are the farthermost limits reached by Heracles.

Livy says merely that the colony was sent in Thurinum agrum, and does not mention anything of a change of name ; but Strabo tells us that they gave to the new colony the name of Copiae, and this statement is confirmed both by Stephanus of Byzantium, and by the evidence of coins, on which, however, the name is written " COPIA ".