These groups — the Nazi party and government leadership, the German General Staff and High Command ( OKW ); the Sturmabteilung ( SA ); the Schutzstaffel ( SS ), including the Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ); and the Gestapo — had an aggregate membership exceeding two million, making a large number of their members liable to trial if the organisations were convicted.

* 1921 – The Sturmabteilung or SA, whose members were known as " brownshirts ", physically assault Adolf Hitler's opposition after his speech in Munich.

Instead of large mass assaults, the Sturmabteilung were organised into small squads of a few soldiers each.

Like nearly all senior Army officers, Rundstedt welcomed the July 1934 purge of Ernst Röhm and the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) leadership, although he was angered that two generals, Schleicher and Ferdinand von Bredow, were killed: he was among the senior officers who later persuaded Hitler to have these two officers posthumously ( but secretly ) rehabilitated.

* Brown has been associated with Nazism, because the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) were called " brownshirts.

The ethos and sometimes the uniform were later copied by others who shared Mussolini's political ideas, including Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany, who issued brown shirts to the " Storm Troops " ( Sturmabteilung ) and black uniforms to the " Defense Squad " ( Schutzstaffel, also colloquially known as " Brownshirts ", because they wore black suit-like tunics with brown shirts ), Sir Oswald Mosley in the United Kingdom ( whose British Union of Fascists were also known as the " Blackshirts "), William Dudley Pelley in the United States ( Silver Legion of America or " Silver Shirts "), in Mexico the Camisas Doradas or " Golden Shirts ", Plínio Salgado in Brazil ( whose followers wore green shirts ), and Eoin O ' Duffy in the Irish Free State ( Army Comrades Association or " Blueshirts ").

The uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) were Nazi party paramilitary ranks and uniforms used by SA stormtroopers from 1921 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945.

Early SS ranks were identical to the SA, since the SS was originally considered a sub-organization of the Sturmabteilung.

Leadership ranks of the Sturmabteilung were the titles and positions held by the commanders of the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) of the Nazi Party between the years of 1920 and 1945.

The Nazi Party was disbanded between 1923 and 1925, but upon returning the very first uniform and insignia regulations were published, albeit for the Nazi Party's paramilitary group the Sturmabteilung ( SA ).

The ranks were based closely on the ranks and insignia of the Sturmabteilung ( SA ), of which the NSKK had originally been a part.

The ranks were designed after paramilitary rank titles of the Sturmabteilung.

By September 1921 the name Sturmabteilung was being used informally for the group.

From 1921 to 1925, the phrase Oberführer was used as a title in the Sturmabteilung ( SA ), but became an actual SA rank after 1926.

Sturmführer was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party which began as a title used by the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) in 1925 and became an actual SA rank in 1928.

Sturmhauptführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank used by both the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) and the SS.

Scharführer was first used as a title in the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) as early as 1921 and became an actual rank in 1928.

" (" Brown-shirt " is a term that was used to describe the Sturmabteilung paramilitary organization of the German Nazi party ).

This term occurs as early as the 1920s in the literature of Germanic mysticism, and it came to be widely used within the NSDAP and Nazi Germany, e. g. in official prescriptions for the various uniforms of the Sturmabteilung.

The rank of Sturmmann was used by the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) and the Schutzstaffel ( SS ).

The rank of Rottenführer was used by several Nazi paramilitary groups, among them the Sturmabteilung ( SA ), the Schutzstaffel ( SS ) and was senior to the paramilitary rank of Sturmmann.

Haupttruppführer was mainly used as a rank of the Sturmabteilung ( SA ), but was also used by the Schutzstaffel ( SS ) in the early days of that group ’ s existence.

Translated as “ senior squad leader ”, Oberscharführer was first used as a rank of the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) and was created due to an expansion of the enlisted positions required by growing SA membership in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

From 1925 on was part of the Sturmabteilung, in which he reached the rank of Obergruppenführer by 1936.

* Sturmabteilung ( SA ) — " storm battalion ," stormtroopers, not part of the army.

The same was true of some Sturmabteilung ( SA ) units, along with other subsidiary organizations, which functioned as part of the armed forces particularly towards the end of the war.

Beginning in April 1934, and at Hitler's request, Heydrich and Himmler began building a dossier on Sturmabteilung ( SA ) leader Ernst Röhm in an effort to remove him as a rival for party leadership.

In November 1933, he joined the Sturmabteilung to pass the state exam for teachers.

By 1926 Wessel had become too radical for the German National People's Party, and in December of that year he joined the National Socialist German Workers ' Party ( Nazi Party ), and its paramilitary organisation, the Sturmabteilung ( SA ).

It included Hitler's NSDAP party and their Sturmabteilung or SA for short, the Oberland League and the Reichskriegsflagge.

These alienated paramilitary groups would help form a foundation for the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung ( also known as Brown Shirts ).

Translated as “ senior assault ( or storm ) leader ”, the rank of Obersturmführer was first created in 1932 as the result of an expansion of the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) and the need for an additional rank in the officer corps.

Though he claimed in a 1934 / 1935 advertising that he had been a " supplier for Nazi uniforms since 1924 ", such supplies are probable since 1928 / 1929 and certain since 1934, when he became an Reichszeugmeisterei-licensed ( official ) supplier of uniforms to the Sturmabteilung, Schutzstaffel, Hitler Youth, National Socialist Motor Corps, and other party organizations.

Six joined the Nazi party in 1930 with member number 245, 670 and the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) in 1932, for whom he was a student organizer.

After Adolf Hitler and the Nazis seized power in 1933, Sagebiel applied for membership in the NSDAP, and became a member of the Sturmabteilung ( SA ).

* Sturmabteilung ( SA ) " Storm Detachment " or " Battalion " – the Stormtroopers, a Nazi paramilitary organisation that was instrumental in bringing Hitler to power ; nicknamed the Brownshirts ( Braunhemden ) after their uniforms.

Numerous future members and leaders of the Nazi Party had served in the Freikorps, including Ernst Röhm, future head of the Sturmabteilung, or SA, Heinrich Himmler, future head of the Schutzstaffel, or SS, and Rudolf Höß, the future Kommandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Göring, concerned that Diels was not ruthless enough to use the Gestapo effectively to counteract the power of the Sturmabteilung ( SA ), handed over its control to Himmler on 20 April 1934.

Initially a small branch of the Sturmabteilung ( the " Brownshirts " or Stormtroopers, abbreviated in German as SA ), the SS grew in size and power due to its exclusive loyalty to Adolf Hitler, as opposed to the SA, which was seen as semi-independent and a threat to Adolf Hitler's hegemony over the party.

The SS-Oberleitung answered to the office of the Supreme SA Leader ( Oberste SA-Führer ), Franz Pfeffer von Salomon, clearly establishing the SS as a subordinate unit of the Sturmabteilung.

However, it was during this time that the SS began to establish its independence from the Sturmabteilung ( SA ), although officially the SS was still considered a sub-organization of the SA and answerable to the SA Chief of Staff.

It was in some competition with the Sturmabteilung ( SA ), but the SD was made the sole " Party information service " on 9 June 1934.

Of Spirit is an important contribution to the long debate on Heidegger's Nazism and appeared at the same time as the French publication of a book by a previously unknown Chilean writer, Victor Farías, who charged that Heidegger's philosophy amounted to a wholehearted endorsement of the Nazi Sturmabteilung ( SA ) faction.

The Sturmabteilung ( SA ) (; Storm Detachment or Assault Division, or Brownshirts ) functioned as the original paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party.

The term Sturmabteilung predates the founding of the Nazi Party in 1919.

Thereafter, the group was officially known as the Sturmabteilung.

The Sturmabteilung: Hitler ’ s Stormtroopers 1921 – 1945, Osprey Publishing, London.

The name of the Empire's main soldiers, the Stormtroopers, is the same name given to Hitler's Sturmabteilung ( SA ) paramilitary bodyguards.

He was a co-founder of the Sturmabteilung (" Storm Battalion "; SA ), the Nazi Party militia, and later was its commander.

At 1: 20am on 10 November 1938, Reinhard Heydrich sent an urgent secret telegram to the Sicherheitspolizei ( Security Police ) and the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) containing instructions regarding the riots.

Schutzstaffel | SS leader Heinrich Himmler, Adolf Hitler and Sturmabteilung | SA leader Viktor Lutze ( from L to R ) on the stone terrace in front of the Ehrenhalle ( Hall of Honour ) in the Nazi_party_rally_grounds # Luitpoldarena | Luitpoldarena.

Because of these reservations the negotiations came to nothing and as street violence rose to new heights in April 1932, Brüning had both the communist " Rotfrontkämpferbund " and the Nazi Sturmabteilung banned.

Berlin was the scene of violent clashes between SA ( Sturmabteilung ) stormtroopers and opponents of the Nazis.