Such taxes include the land value tax, where the tax is on a good in completely inelastic supply, a lump sum tax such as a poll tax ( head tax ) which is paid by all adults regardless of their choices.

Such behavior ( which is almost as common as inelastic neutrino interactions ) is seen in bubble chambers irradiated with neutrino beams.

Such re-scattered waves are called " secondary scattering " and hinder the analysis.

Such measures prevent electron scattering off of residual gas atoms as well as the formation of a thin " gas ( adsorbate ) layer " on the surface of the specimen which degrades analytical performance.

Such situations are encountered in radar scattering as well, where the targets tend to be macroscopic objects such as people or aircraft.

Such internal scattering is also present in the human eye, and manifests in an unwanted veiling glare most obvious when viewing very bright lights or highly reflective surfaces.

Such strong scattering requires the existence of a coherent structure.

Such scattering can also shift the spectrum of the emerging photons toward the green, a color often seen when water laden with suspended particles is observed.

Such an opening reduces the need to remove more of the penis itself to lower the urinary opening for convenience.

Such relays are used to switch low-voltage signals ( one volt or less ) where the mercury reduces the contact resistance and associated voltage drop, for low-current signals where surface contamination may make for a poor contact, or for high-speed applications where the mercury eliminates contact bounce.

Such an arrangement reduces the overall performance of the CPU as much as 35 % for most codes as the display logic often blocks the CPU's access to RAM.

Such a phalanx formation also reduces the likelihood that battles would degenerate into a pushing match.

Such integration offers savings in the capital and operational costs, reduces floor-space, lowers power consumption and makes managing the network easier.

Such delayed processing reduces CPU usage, and tends to reduce disk fragmentation, especially for files which grow slowly.

Such a system greatly reduces disk cost for large content provision systems.

Such design simplifies the structure of the missile and largely reduces missile's overall weight by reducing one stage.

Such reaction requires addition of energy in the form of heat or light.

Such a " sphere " would be a system of orbiting solar power satellites meant to completely encompass a star and capture most or all of its energy output.

Such shallow tissue deposition of laser energy is helpful in laser surgery, and for the efficient production of steam for laser enamel ablation in certain types of laser dentistry.

Such a formula for estimating energy typically has relative error of order of 10 %, but can be used to get a rough qualitative idea and understanding of a molecule.

Such processes and devices can only be driven by convertible energy, and have a theoretical maximum efficiency when converting energy to work.

Such aspects of one god as male god ( Shaktiman ) and female energy ( Shakti ), working as a pair are often envisioned as male gods and their wives or consorts and provide many analogues between passive male ground and dynamic female energy.

Such " fuzzy orbits " use significantly less energy than Hohmann transfers but are often much slower.

Such a transition to the higher state is called absorption, and it destroys an incident photon ( the photon's energy goes into powering the increased energy of the higher state ).

Such electrons can therefore easily change from one energy state into a slightly different one.

Such colors are orders of magnitude more intense than ordinary absorptions seen in dyes and the like that involve individual electrons and their energy states.

Such a system is known as an " energy transfer " ignition system.

Such high energy neutrons are able to fission U-238 directly ( see thermonuclear weapon for application, where the fast neutrons are supplied by nuclear fusion ).

Such a theory is required in order to understand problems involving the combination of very high energy and very small dimensions of space, such as the behavior of black holes, and the origin of the universe.

Such a transition to the higher state is called absorption, and it destroys an incident photon ( the photon's energy goes into powering the increased energy of the higher state ).

Such an interaction would cause a WIMP to lose energy and become " captured " by the Sun.

( Such contrasts to chemical rockets where propulsive efficiency varies with the ratio of exhaust velocity to vehicle velocity at the time, but near maximum obtainable specific impulse tends to be a design goal when corresponding to the most energy released from reacting propellants ).

Such unprecedented levels of computational power are key to investigating areas, such as designing fusion reactors that could provide carbon neutral, sustainable energy ; engineering proteins to provide new therapies for diseases or release energy from biomass efficiently ; studying climate change ; and designing new materials with specialized properties.

Such facilities might be nuclear or coal-fired power stations, or hydroelectric, while other renewable energy sources such as concentrated solar thermal and geothermal power have the potential to provide base load power.

Such elastic elements can release energy at a much higher rate ( higher power ) than equivalent muscle mass, thus increasing launch energy to levels beyond what muscle alone is capable of.

Such losses of livestock, which are an inevitable and, in a sense, normal consequence of the climate, have made it difficult for planned increases in livestock numbers to be achieved.

Each term may be interpreted as a spherical wave that expands or contracts with velocity c. Such waves are generated by a point source, and they make possible sharp signals whose form is altered only by a decrease in amplitude as r increases ( see an illustration of a spherical wave on the top right ).

Such a disseminated infection increases mortality to 22 %.

Such bottom-up approaches should, broadly speaking, be able to produce devices in parallel and much cheaper than top-down methods, but could potentially be overwhelmed as the size and complexity of the desired assembly increases.

Such guns have achieved significant increases in muzzle velocity and range.

Such a material is said to have a negative temperature coefficient of reactivity to indicate that its reactivity decreases when its temperature increases.

Such an event usually increases the character's statistics, such as health points and strength, and may permit the character to acquire new abilities or improve existing ones.

Such flow separation causes a large increase in the pressure drag, since it greatly increases the effective size of the wing section.

Such price points do not necessarily result from collusion, but as an emergent property of oligopolies: when all firms sell at the same price, any firm which attempts to raise its selling price will experience a decrease in sales and revenues ( preventing firms from raising prices unilaterally ); on the other hand, any firm in an oligopoly which lowers its prices will mostly likely be matched by competitors, resulting in small increases in sales but decreases in revenues ( for all the firms in that market ).

Such a relationship has been long suspected, based on the observation that long-term sleep deprivation in rodents dramatically increases food intake and energy metabolism, i. e., catabolism, with lethal consequences on a long-term basis.

Such studies prompt concern that long term usage of aluminum chloride products may contribute to increases in blood concentrations potentially adverse to human health.

Such proton captures on stable nuclides ( or nearly stable ), however, are not very efficient in producing p-nuclei, especially the heavier ones, because the electric charge increases with each added proton, leading to an increased repulsion of the next proton to be added, according to Coulomb's law.

Such innovations can boost productivity, for example as better equipment works faster and more efficiently, or better organisation increases motivation at work.

Such a situation could be dangerous, as stopping distance increases with fewer functioning brakes.

Such a distribution increases the surface area of the material in the rings, leading to high optical density in back-scattered light.

Such applications are often said to work with " smooth numbers ," with no B specified ; this means the numbers involved must be B-smooth for some unspecified small number B ; as B increases, the performance of the algorithm or method in question degrades rapidly.

Such large dose increases may be required to avoid shot noise effects.

Such slips often occur after a period of heavy rain, when the pore water pressure at the slip surface increases, reducing the effective normal stress and thus diminishing the restraining friction along the slip line.

Such sharing serves to multiply numbers of good quality livestock and increases the number of beneficiaries.

Such changes include the thickening of the lithosphere by overthrusting, changes in rock density of the lithosphere caused by metamorphism or thermal expansion and contraction, increases in the volume of the asthenosphere ( part of the upper mantle supporting the lithosphere ) caused by hydration of olivine, and orogenic, or mountain-building, movements.

Such deformation increases the concentration of dislocations which may subsequently form low-angle grain boundaries surrounding sub-grains.

Such proactive use of makes values " easier to understand, track, and reason about ," and it thus increases the readability and comprehensibility of code and makes working in teams and maintaining code simpler because it communicates information about a value's intended use.

Such narrowing of the bandwidth increases the density of states, and if more than half of the valence band is filled, the band center is lower than bulk and the binding energy increases.