Such a proof shows that unless the attacker solves the hard problem at the heart of the security reduction, they must make use of some interesting property of the hash function to break the protocol ; they cannot treat the hash function as a black box ( i. e., as a random oracle ).

Such a process is easier to produce than a genuinely random one, and has the benefit that it can be used again and again to produce exactly the same numbers-useful for testing and fixing software.

Such general random elements can sometimes be treated as sets of real-valued random variables — often more specifically as random vectors ).

Such passwords may be adequate for various applications ( if frequently changed, if chosen using an appropriate policy, if not found in dictionaries, if sufficiently random, and / or if the system prevents online guessing, etc.

Such devices are often based on microscopic phenomena that generate a low-level, statistically random " noise " signal, such as thermal noise or the photoelectric effect or other quantum phenomena.

Such a world is often called " pseudo-medieval " – particularly when the writer has snatched up random elements from the era, which covered a thousand years and a continent, and thrown them together without consideration for their compatibility, or even introduced ideas not so much based on the medieval era as on romanticized views of it.

Such a decision was a mistake, because regression toward the mean is not based on cause and effect, but rather on random error in a natural distribution around a mean.

Such playlists may be defined, stored, and selected to run either in sequence or, if a random playlist function is selected, in a random order.

Such use may be expressed as where is the derived key, is the key derivation function, is the original key or password, is a random number which acts as cryptographic salt, and refers to the number of iterations of a sub-function.

( Such misapplication takes as a premise that all events are random, as they must be for the concept of regression to the mean to be validly applied.

Such a distribution will be normal ( central limit theorem except in pathological cases, since – in a slightly non-obvious way of thinking about it – the trend is a linear combination of the y < sub > t </ sub >) and, if the series genuinely is random, centered on zero.

Such instabilities usually require that the motions of stars be highly correlated, so that the perturbation is not " smeared out " by random motions.

Such a view lends itself to a Bayesian analysis, in which is treated as a random function, and the set of simulator runs as observations.

Such surveys are sometimes performed by random, anonymous sampling from samples taken for other sexual tests.

“ Bonded co-operator pairs ” also show increased order ( Dunne, 1991 ) Jahn and his team confirm Radin ’ s experiments indicating that random chance machines “ may be affected by group consciousness .” Such a group consciousness field effect would then transcend space and time limitations defined in historic models.

Such beliefs are, as Boyer says, remarkably widespread, and for all their variant forms the variation is neither limitless nor random.

Such abnormal movements can be distinguished from each other on the basis of whether or not, or to what degree they are, rhythmic, discrete, repeated, and random.

While random graphs ( ER ) have an average distance of order log N between nodes, where N is the number of nodes, scale free graph can have a distance of log log N. Such graphs are called ultra small world networks.

Such naïve libraries usually contain only antibodies with low affinity to the desired antigen, making it necessary to apply affinity maturation by random mutagenesis as an additional step.

Such analysis methods requires the generation of random numbers.

Such additional daytime class 2, assignments are appropriate if optimum use is to be made of these frequencies, and the Commission has over the years made a large number of them.

Such understanding helps to explain why one matron celebrating thirty-five years of married life could declare with some pride that her husband had `` never seen her entirely naked '', while another woman, boasting an equal number of years of married life, is proud of having `` shared the nudist way of life -- the really free, natural nude life -- for most of that period ''.

Such an analysis speedily reveals why the middle number of the Lo Shu, 5, was so vitally significant for the Chinese ever since the earliest hints that they had a knowledge of this diagram.

Such accidents take place in various forms, and in a number of locations ; ranging from car doors to garage doors.

Such systems have the advantage of reducing costs by eliminating unnecessary printouts and reducing the number of inbound analog phone lines needed by an office.

Such misunderstandings can arise from a number of sources.

Such a model ( precisely, the set of " natural numbers " it contains ) is necessarily non-standard, as it contains the code number of a proof of a contradiction of T.

Such works have been the inspiration for a number of popular modern fiction novels.

Such punishments had a number of ecclesiastical opponents, although some countries punished heresy with the death penalty.

Such consequentialist property rights theorists argue that respecting property rights maximizes the number of pareto efficient transactions in the world and minimized the number of non-pareto efficient transactions in the world ( i. e. transactions where someone is made worse off ).

Such measures have inevitably reduced the overall number of small email-servers, and some end-users have opted to outsource to paid services instead, exacerbating the problem for those not wishing to outsource.

Such compounds are termed spiro and are important in a number of natural products.

Such systems have ( in the classical limit ) an infinite number of normal modes and their oscillations occur in the form of waves that can characteristically propagate.

Such questions spurred the development of various branches of number theory, focusing on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers.

Such people have often gained this experience through working in any of a wide number of fields.

Such sling-bullets come in a number of shapes including an ellipsoidal form closely resembling an acorn-this could be the origin of the Latin word for a leaden sling-bullet: glandes plumbeae ( literally leaden acorns ) or simply glandes ( meaning acorns, singular glans ).

Such requirements for extracellular stimulation are necessary for controlling cell behavior in unicellular and multicellular organisms ; signal transduction pathways are perceived to be so central to biological processes that a large number of diseases are attributed to their disregulation.

Such costly, " altruistic " differentiation can be adaptive ( maximise the number of surviving offspring ) to individual genes if the consequence of altruism ( terminal cellular differentiation ) benefits other copies of such genes.

Such study abroad opportunities are a result of the strong relationships Sussex has with a number of institutions including all campuses of The federal University of California.

Such an " FX " line also allows people in the distant place to call by using a telephone number local to them.

Such materials were used on a number of occasions.

Such appreciably nonzero values of inclination and eccentricity, though still small, are unusual for an inner satellite and can be explained by the influence of the innermost Galilean satellite, Io: in the past Amalthea has passed through several mean motion resonances with Io that have excited its inclination and eccentricity ( in a mean motion resonance the ratio of orbital periods of two bodies is a rational number like m: n ).

Such features include a reduction in the number of locations for user access, the use of dual carriageways with two or more lanes on each carriageway, and grade-separated junctions with other roads and modes of transport.

Such a number is infinite, and its inverse is infinitesimal.