By the time of Mesalim, whichever dynasty controlled the city of Kish was recognised as šar kiššati (= king of Kish ), and was considered preeminent in Sumer, possibly because this was where the two rivers approached, and whoever controlled Kish ultimately controlled the irrigation systems of the other cities downstream.

One strategy adopted by both Sargon and Naram-Sin, to maintain control of the country, was to install their daughters, Enheduanna and Emmenanna respectively, as high priestess to Sin, the Akkadian version of the Sumerian moon deity, Nanna, at Ur, in the extreme south of Sumer ; to install sons as provincial ensi governors in strategic locations ; and to marry their daughters to rulers of peripheral parts of the Empire ( Urkesh and Marhashe ).

As a result, Sumer and Akkad had a surplus of agricultural products, but was short of almost everything else, particularly metal ores, timber and building stone, all of which had to be imported.

Originally money was a form of receipt, representing grain stored in temple granaries in Sumer in ancient Mesopotamia, then Ancient Egypt.

Enlil was the god of air in ancient Sumer.

Indus Valley civilization was mainly an urban culture sustained by surplus agricultural production and commerce, the latter including trade with Sumer in southern Mesopotamia.

Sumer was a civilization and historical region in southern Iraq.

A considerable amount of Babylonian literature was translated from Sumerian originals, and the language of religion and law long continued to be the old agglutinative language of Sumer.

Eventually Sumer was unified by Eannatum, but the unification was tenuous and failed to last as the Akkadians conquered Sumeria in 2331 BC only a generation later.

An Early Dynastic II king ( Ensi ) of Uruk in Sumer, Gilgamesh ( c. 2, 600 BCE ), was commended for military exploits against Humbaba guardian of the Cedar Mountain, and was later celebrated in many later poems and songs in which he was claimed to be two-thirds god and only one-third human.

The oldest surviving epic poem is the Epic of Gilgamesh, from the 3rd millennium BC in Sumer ( in Mesopotamia, now Iraq ), which was written in cuneiform script on clay tablets and, later, papyrus.

They in turn took it from ancient Sumer so long ago that if the connection between cubits and degrees was known in either Babylonia or Ionia it did not survive.

* Control of the " holy " city of Nippur and its temple priesthood generally meant hegemony over most of Sumer, as listed on the Sumerian King List ; at one point, the Nippur priesthood conferred the title of queen of Sumer on Kugbau, a popular taverness from nearby Kish ( who was later deified as Kubaba ).

Slavery was known in almost every ancient civilization, and society, including Sumer, Ancient Egypt, Ancient China, the Akkadian Empire, Assyria, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, the Islamic Caliphate, the Hebrews in Palestine, and the pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas.

The civilizations of Sumer and Akkad in Mesopotamia became a collection of volatile city-states in which warfare was common.

A considerable amount of Babylonian literature was translated from Sumerian originals, and the language of religion and law long continued to be the old agglutinative language of Sumer.

2240 BC ), Amurru was called one of the " four quarters " surrounding Sumer, along with Subartu / Assyria, Akkad, and Elam.

2900 BC, modern historians have asserted that Sumer was first settled between ca.

Sumer was conquered by the Semitic-speaking kings of the Akkadian Empire around 2270 BC ( short chronology ), but Sumerian continued as a sacred language.

Elam and the northern part of Mesopotamia ( Subartu ) were also subjugated, and rebellions in Sumer were put down.

He also boasted of having subjugated the " four quarters " — the lands surrounding Akkad to the north ( Assyria ), the south ( Sumer ), the east ( Elam ) and the west ( Martu ).

Castration as a means of subjugation, enslavement or other punishment has a very long pedigree, dating back to ancient Sumer ( see also Eunuch ).

As Ea, Enki had a wide influence outside of Sumer, being equated with El ( at Ugarit ) and possibly Yah ( at Ebla ) in the Canaanite ' ilhm pantheon, he is also found in Hurrian and Hittite mythology, as a god of contracts, and is particularly favourable to humankind.

( Sumeria is the normal term for Sumer in Spanish, Portuguese, and other languages of the Iberian peninsula, also in Greek.

François Thureau-Dangin working at the Louvre in Paris also made significant contributions to deciphering Sumerian with publications from 1898 to 1938, such as his 1905 publication of Les inscriptions de Sumer et d ’ Akkad.

** Nimrod, son of Cush, also identified as a mighty hunter before God, and the founder of ancient Babel, Akkad, Sumer, and possibly cities in Assyria.

Ziusudra ( also Zi-ud-sura and Zin-Suddu ; Hellenized Xisuthros: " found long life " or " life of long days ") of Shuruppak is listed in the WB-62 Sumerian king list recension as the last king of Sumer prior to the deluge.

Southern Iraq was also the home of one of the world's first known civilisations, Sumer, which began about 6, 000 B. C.

Although the word for earth was Ki, Kur came to also mean land, and Sumer itself, was called " Kur-gal " or " Great Land ".

The origins of boxing have also been traced to ancient Sumer.

The Sumerian king Shulgi also boasts of his prowess in sport in Self-praise of Shulgi A, B and C. Fishing hooks not unlike those made today have been found during excavations at Ur, showing evidence of angling in Sumer at around 2600 BC.

In the museum König also discovered copper utensils from ancient Sumer, which were electroplated with silver.

This remedy is also mentioned in texts from ancient Egypt, Sumer, and Assyria.

Gu-Edin ( also transcribed Gu ' edena ) was a flat field in Sumer, in modern day Iraq.

Luxury items also appear, such as lapis lazuli mined at a Harappan colony at Shortugai ( Badakshan in northern Afghanistan ), which was transported to Lothal, a port city in Gujarat, and shipped from there to Oman, Bahrain, and Sumer.

Ur-Zababa is also known as the king said to be reigning in Sumer during the youth of Sargon the Great of Akkad, who militarily brought much of the near east under his regime shortly afterward.

( see also Sumer: Ur, Uruk, Kish, Susa )

It also accepts as valid sources of inspiration ancient and modern sources such as the culture of Sumer, pagan holidays of the solstices, Canada Day, the Knights Templar, Chaldeans, Gnostic Gospels and the Desiderata.

His name also appears in a Reading manuscript including the rota Sumer is icumen in, and on one of seven sets of four-part compositions in the Wintonia collection.

Used mostly in court music for royals and the rich, the harp also comes from Sumer c. 3500 BC.

It also mentions that fifty years into Enmerkar's reign, the Martu people had arisen in all of Sumer and Akkad, necessitating the building of a wall in the desert to protect Uruk.

It also associates the Bulgars with what Nurutdinov interprets as references to Troy, Sumer and America.

Ištaran ( also Gusilim ) was the local deity of the city of Der, a Sumerian city state positioned east of the Tigris on the border between Sumer and Elam.