In Europe, Art Cinema gains wider distribution and sees movements like la Nouvelle Vague ( The French New Wave ) featuring French filmmakers such as Roger Vadim, François Truffaut, Alain Resnais, and Jean-Luc Godard ; Cinéma Vérité documentary movement in Canada, France and the United States ; Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman, Chilean filmmaker Alexandro Jodorowsky and Polish filmmakers Roman Polanski and Wojciech Jerzy Has produced original and offbeat masterpieces and the high-point of Italian filmmaking with Michelangelo Antonioni and Federico Fellini making some of their most known films during this period.

In an interesting move, two Swedish filmmakers sued the TV4 Group over copyright infringement in November 2004 for placing commercials during their film's TV broadcasts.

Other young Swedish filmmakers that have seen major success in recent years include Lebanon-born director Josef Fares, with the comedies Jalla!

Arne Sucksdorff ( February 3, 1917, Stockholm-May 4, 2001 ) was a Swedish movie director, considered one of cinema's greatest documentary filmmakers.

In 1988, the Academy — under the name of European Cinema Society — was officially founded by its first President, the Swedish director Ingmar Bergman, as well as 40 filmmakers from all over Europe in order to promote European film culture worldwide and to protect and to support the interests of the European film industry.

Historically the umlaut for the Swedish letters ä and ö, like the German umlaut, has developed from a small gothic e written on top of the letters.

Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish ( when followed by ' r '), Ä is pronounced, as in English mat.

The word friend itself has cognates in the other Germanic languages ; but the Scandinavian ones ( like Swedish frände, Danish frænde ) predominatly mean " relative " ( but may also mean soulmate ).

As part of a dual strategy to avoid war via deterrence and appeasement of Germany, British leaders warned that they would go to war if Germany attacked Poland while at the same time tried to avoid war by holding unofficial talks with such would be peace-makers like the British newspaper proprietor Lord Kemsley, the Swedish businessman Axel Wenner-Gren and another Swedish businessmen Birger Dahlerus who attempted to work out the basis for a peaceful return of Danzig.

In the 1990s, Swedish historian Mattias Gardell studied the white separatist Heathen community in the United States, noting that it had become one of the " most dynamic trends " within the " radical-racist milieu " of the U. S., surpassing more traditional white separatist groups like the Ku Klux Klan in " terms of numbers and influence ".

With the mission to " make something with neutrons ", the Swedish team, with scientists like Rolf Maximilian Sievert, set out to research the subject and eventually build a nuclear reactor for testing.

They do, however, include several words that have been adopted during the history from the neighboring languages, just like Swedish, spoken in Finland today, has borrowed from Finnish.

Fruit soups with high viscosity, like rose hip soup and blueberry soup ( blåbärssoppa ) served hot or cold, are typical of Swedish cuisine.

According to some Swedish accounts, the werewolf could be distinguished from a regular wolf by the fact that it would run on three legs, stretching the fourth one backwards to look like a tail.

Other countries, like Denmark, Poland and Israel, refer to it as a " Swedish key " as its invention has been attributed to the Swedish inventor Johan Petter Johansson, who in 1891 received a patent for an improved design of the adjustable spanner that is still used today.

The Swedish name Åbo seems easy to explain, as it contains the words å (" river ") and bo (" nest, dwelling ") which could mean something like " the house by the river ".

In Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic the Old Norse form has survived to this day ( in Icelandic only as a less used synonym to gluggi ), in Swedish the word vindöga remains as a term for a hole through the roof of a hut, and in the Danish language ‘ vindue ’ and Norwegian Bokmål ‘ vindu ’, the direct link to ‘ eye ’ is lost, just like for ' window '.

Gradually, commercialism has made him look more and more like the American Santa Claus, but the Swedish jultomte, the Norwegian julenisse, the Danish julemand and the Finnish joulupukki ( in Finland he is still called the Yule Goat, although his animal features have disappeared ) still has features and traditions that are rooted in the local culture.

Scandinavian countries also produce high-quality warmbloods like the Finnish Warmblood and Swedish Warmblood.

In 2003, Queen Silvia told a Swedish reporter that she and the royal family would like to be more open to contact with magazines and newspapers but that false articles about the family's lives – including photograph montages purported to show the Crown Princess and Princess Madeleine with their " secret " babies, published in the German magazine " Frau mit Herz " – had made them wary.

One of the more unique landmarks in the community is the Kingsburg water tower which is shaped like an antique Swedish coffee pot.

Stanton is best known for its two water towers, the tanks of which are painted and shaped like a giant coffee pot and coffee cup ( billed as " the largest Swedish coffee pot in the world ").

Bergman then decided to shoot the film in Swedish and not in English like his previous film The Touch ( 1971 film ), and to finance Cries and Whispers through his own production company, Cinematograph.

As a playwright, Moberg has established himself as the author of 38 works for the stage or for radio ( 1919-1973 ), some of them has become lighter classics of the Swedish stage and TV ( even feature films ) and directed by directors like Ingmar Bergman ( Lea och Rakel / Leah and Rachel ; Malmö City Theatre 1955 ) and Alf Sjöberg ( Domaren / The Judge ; 1960 ).

Much like his generation of Swedish authors from a working-class background, such as Ivar Lo-Johansson, Harry Martinson and Moa Martinson, Moberg depicted the life of the dispossessed, their traditions, customs, and everyday struggle.

The Swedish army, like the Cossacks, failed to capture the city.

Liv Johanne Ullmann ( born 16 December 1938 ) is a Norwegian actress and film director, as well as one of the " muses " of the Swedish director Ingmar Bergman.

She continued to act in the theatre for most of her career, and became noted for her portrayal of Nora in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, but became wider known once she started to work with eminent Swedish film director Ingmar Bergman.

In 1955, Swedish director Ingmar Bergman earned a Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival with Smiles of a Summer Night and followed the film with masterpieces The Seventh Seal and Wild Strawberries.

* July 14 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film director ( d. 2007 )

* Swedish — Bergman, Ingmar: In the Presence of a Clown ( 1997 film for TV ; the Pierrot-like — yet female — Rigmor, the clown of the title, is an important symbolic figure ).

* Famed Swedish director Ingmar Bergman directed the Bacchae three times: as an opera ( 1991 ) for the Royal Swedish Opera, as a TV-film ( 1993 ) for Sveriges Television and as a staged play ( 1996 ) for the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm.

One of them portrays a man playing chess with the Grim Reaper and was the inspiration for the movie director Ingmar Bergman when he made the perhaps best known Swedish movie ever, The Seventh Seal.

" Whispers and Cries ") is a 1972 Swedish film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Harriet Andersson, Kari Sylwan, Ingrid Thulin and Liv Ullmann.

In addition to the threat of television, there was also increasing competition from foreign films, such as Vittorio De Sica's Bicycle Thieves ( 1948 ), the Swedish film Hon dansade en sommar ( English title: One Summer of Happiness ) ( 1951 ), and Ingmar Bergman's Sommaren med Monika ( Summer with Monika ) ( 1953 ).

The Seventh Seal () is a 1957 Swedish film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman.

Autumn Sonata () is a 1978 Swedish drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman.

Due to his battle with the Swedish tax authorities at the time, Ingmar Bergman produced Autumn Sonata through his West German company, Personafilm GmbH, with main financing from Lew Grade's British ITC Film, and shot the film in an old film studio outside Oslo in Norway.

After a small role in Lilla prinsen ( The Little Prince ) at Saltsjöbaden's theatre and an equally small part in Ingmar Bergman's film Fanny and Alexander, in 1982 she joined the cast of the Swedish production of The Sound of Music, in which she played the daughter Louise.

* Swedish film director Ingmar Bergman lived on Fårö, the small island directly north of Gotland Island.

Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman lived and died on Fårö and several of his films were filmed there, among them Through a Glass Darkly ( 1961 ), Persona ( 1966 ), Hour of the Wolf ( 1968 ), Shame ( 1968 ), The Passion of Anna ( 1969 ), and Scenes from a Marriage ( 1972 ),, as well as Liv Ullmann ’ s Faithless ( 2000 ), based on a Bergman screenplay.

His realistic films, with a lyrical photography in which nature is prominent, have placed him in the first rank of modern Swedish film directors along with Ingmar Bergman and Bo Widerberg.

Ingmar Bergman, who famously made a film version in Swedish of Mozart's Die Zauberflöte, turned down an invitation to direct the festival.

The Swedish film director Ingmar Bergman claimed that Aftonbladet was the main media force behind echoing his alleged financial misdeeds, which finally led to Bergman's self-imposed exile to Munich in the 1970s.

The story is inspired by the 1960 Swedish film The Virgin Spring, directed by Ingmar Bergman, which in turn is based on the 13th century Swedish ballad " Töres döttrar i Wänge ".

* The Passion of Anna, a 1969 film by Ingmar Bergman commonly referred to as The Passion ( Swedish: En Passion )