Saint Symmachus was pope from 498 to 514.

Symmachus retreated to St. Peter's and refused to come out, despite the urgings of deputations from the synod.

* Three treatises dedicated to Symmachus ( the father-in-law of Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius ): on weights and measures ; on the metres of Terence ; and the Praeexercitamina, a translation into Latin of Greek rhetorical exercises from Hermogenes.

* Pope Symmachus, Pope from 498 to 514.

At any rate, the wearing of the pallium was usual in the fifth century ; this is indicated by the above-mentioned reference contained in the life of St Marcus which dates from the beginning of the sixth century, as well as by the conferring of the pallium on St. Cæsarius of Arles by Pope Symmachus in 513.

In the Saturnalia of Macrobius, Servius appears as one of the interlocutors ; allusions in that work and a letter from Symmachus to Servius show that he was a pagan.

Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symmachus ( d. 402 ) were rejected, and Christian monotheism became a feature of Imperial domination.

Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symmachus ( d. 402 ) were rejected, and Christian monotheism became a feature of Imperial domination.

Julien Havet demonstrated in 1885, however, that it is a forgery of the Oratorian, Jérome Viguier, who also forged a letter purporting to be from Pope Symmachus to Avitus.

To judge from the scattered fragments that remain of his translation, Symmachus tended to be periphrastic in representing the Hebrew original.

Eusebius also records Origen's statement that he obtained these and others of Symmachus ' commentaries on the scriptures from a certain Juliana, who, he says, inherited them from Symmachus himself ( Historia Ecclesiae, VI: xvii ) Palladius of Galatia ( Historia Lausiaca, lxiv ) records that he found in a manuscript that was " very ancient " the following entry made by Origen: " This book I found in the house of Juliana, the virgin in Caesarea, when I was hiding there ; who said she had received it from Symmachus himself, the interpreter of the Jews ".

From the language of many later writers who speak of Symmachus, he must have been a man of great importance among the Ebionites, for " Symmachians " remained a term applied by Catholics even in the fourth century to the Nazarenes or Ebionites, as we know from the pseudepigraphical imitator of Ambrose, the Ambrosiaster, Prologue to the Epistle to the Galatians, and from Augustine's writings against heretics.

Symmachus sought to preserve the traditional religions of Rome at a time when the aristocracy was converting to Christianity, and led an unsuccessful delegation of protest against Gratian, when he ordered the Altar of Victory removed from the curia, the principal meeting place of the Roman Senate in the Forum Romanum.

Many of the clergy withdrew from communion with Symmachus, and entered into communion with Laurentius.

Devotion to Pancras definitely existed from the fifth century onwards, for the basilica of San Pancrazio was built by Pope Symmachus ( 498-514 ), on the place where the body of the young martyr had been buried ; his earliest passio seems to have been written during this time.

Led by Festus, a group of clerics and senators laid charges against Symmachus in an attempt to secure his deposition ; king Theodoric summoned Symmachus to Ariminum answer these charges.

But having gone to Ariminum, Symmachus fled the city in the middle of the night, returning to Rome where he took refuge in St. Peter's.

* Genesis in Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, Latin, and English – The critical text of the Book of Genesis in Hebrew with ancient versions ( Masoretic, Samaritan Pentateuch, Samaritan Targum, Targum Onkelos, Peshitta, Septuagint, Vetus Latina, Vulgate, Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion ) and English translation for each version in parallel.

They were mentioned by Julius Caesar in his treatise, The Gallic Wars, and by 391 BC, they were written about by Roman Consul, Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, who received seven of them, " canes Scotici ", as a gift to be used for fighting lions, bears, that in his words, " all Rome viewed with wonder ".

Ammianus Marcellinus in history, Quintus Aurelius Symmachus in oratory, and Ausonius and Rutilius Claudius Namatianus in poetry all wrote with great talent.

This meeting led to Symmachus being decorated with a pallium.

Based on this introduction, Caesarius later wrote to Symmachus for help with establishing his authority, which Symmachus eagerly gave, according to William Klingshirn, " to gather outside support for his primacy.

" The schism had lingered on largely out of personal hatred to Symmachus ," writes Jeffrey Richards, " something with which Hormisdas was apparently not tainted.

Stilicho also maintained correspondence with his friend, the renowned pagan senator Symmachus.

He himself indicates that he was intimately acquainted with the circle of the great orator Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, who scouted Stilicho's compact with the Goths, and who led the Roman senate to support the pretenders Eugenius and Attalus, in the hope of reinstating the gods whom Emperor Julian had failed to save.

Epiphanius ' account that Symmachus was a Samaritan who having quarrelled with his own people converted to Judaism is now given greater credence, since Symmachus ' exegetical writings give no indication of Ebionism.

In an age when all religious communities credited the divine power with direct involvement in human affairs, Symmachus argues that the removal of the altar had caused a famine and its restoration would be beneficial in other ways.

It was natural for Symmachus to sympathise with Magnus Maximus who had defeated Gratian.

Seven manuscripts of the first decade of Livy's extensive work ( books 1-10 ) bear subscriptions including Symmachus ' name along with Tascius Victorianus, Appius Nicomachus Dexter, and Nicomachus Flavianus ; J. E. G.

by Jean-Pierre Callu in four volumes ( Paris, 1972 – 2002 ) published by Les Belles Lettres contains the letters of Symmachus in Latin with facing-page French translation.

Jeffrey Richards credits him with persuading king Theodoric the Great to recognize Symmachus as the rightful Pope.

* The Panegyric of Theodoric, written to thank the Arian king for his tolerance of Catholicism and support of Pope Symmachus ( probably delivered before the king on the occasion of his entry into Ravenna or Milan ); like all similar works, it is full of flattery and exaggeration, but if used with caution is a valuable authority

* Quintus Aurelius ( Q. f. Q. n .) Symmachus, consul in AD 446 with Flavius Aëtius.

Finding himself victorious, Symmachus proceeded to call a synod held at Rome on March 1, 499, which was attended by 72 bishops and all of the Roman clergy, with the aim of confirming that his congregation accepted the king's judgment, as well as ensuring in the future there would be no rioting or illegal canvassing at election time.

Prominent during his lifetime for as a patron of secular learning, consul for the year 485, and for his support of Pope Symmachus in the schism over his election, Memmius Symmachus was executed with his son-in-law Boethius after being charged with treason.

The session quickly deadlocked over the presence of a visiting bishop, for as Symmachus argued, the presence of a visiting bishop implied the See was vacant, and the See could only be vacant if he were guilty — which meant the case had already been decided before the evidence could be heard.

He not only refused to restore Victory to the senate-house, but extinguished the Sacred fire of the Vestals and vacated their temple: the senatorial protest was expressed in a letter by Quintus Aurelius Symmachus to the Western and Eastern emperors.

A decree of 502 under Pope Symmachus ruled that laymen should no longer vote for the popes and that only higher clergy should be considered eligible.

) the use of the hymn at the Mass of Christmas Day and to Pope Symmachus ( 498 – 514 ) its use on Sundays and the feasts of martyrs, but only by bishops ; the right to use it was later extended to priests, at first only at Easter and on the day of their ordination, but by the end of the 11th century priests, as well as bishops, used it in the Mass on Sundays and feasts outside of Lent and Pre-Lent.

* 502: Pope Symmachus ruled that laymen should no longer vote for the popes and that only higher clergy should be considered eligible.

Although Symmachus was the head of a family with a long connection with Pagan tradition — his grandfather Quintus Aurelius Symmachus delivered a famous speech urging the return of the Altar of Victory to the Roman Senate House -- he was an ardent Christian, interested both in theological disputes and, more prosaically, in the struggles for the control of the Pope ; during and after the disputed election of Pope Symmachus, he and Anicius Probus Faustus Niger were the only two Senators known to support the pope against his more popular rival, Laurentius.