Such needs may rise to pathological proportions.

Abnormal and pathological anxiety or fear may itself be a medical condition falling under the blanket term " anxiety disorder ".

In its pathological form, spiritual anxiety may tend to " drive the person toward the creation of certitude in systems of meaning which are supported by tradition and authority " even though such " undoubted certitude is not built on the rock of reality ".

Examples of pathological science may include homeopathy, Martian canals, N-rays, polywater, water memory, and cold fusion.

Investigation about the temporal and magnitude of inflammatory response in VFs may benefit for elucidating subsequent pathological events in vocal fold wounding, which is good for clinician to develop therapeutic targets to minimize scar formation.

When a type 1 diabetic suffers a biological stress event ( sepsis, Heart attack, infection ) or fails to administer enough insulin they may suffer the pathological condition ketoacidosis.

When a pathological process interferes with the normal functioning of the metabolism and excretion of bilirubin just described, jaundice may be the result.

It is a major cause of infarction ( which may also be caused by e. g. arterial compression, rupture or pathological vasoconstriction ).

This may be for many reasons: for example to partake of their strength, to spiritually " close the circle " by reabsorbing their life into the family or clan, to annihilate an enemy, or due to pathological mental conditions.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that narcissists may be particularly common in the financial sector as they " are able to make quick, bold decisions without any thought for the consequences these might have on other people ".< ref >" When narcissism becomes pathological ", Adrian Tempany, Financial Times, 4 September 2010, accessed 23 June 2012 .< http :// www. ft. com / cms / s / 2 / 5ff67be2-b636-11df-a784-00144feabdc0. html # axzz1wu6UVK53 ></ ref > One financier with experience of NPD claimed to know a recruitment consultant who actively sought to recruit narcissists.

One competing theory has radically stated that macropsia may be an entirely psychological pathological phenomenon without any structural defect or definite cause.

Every sigma-ideal on X can be recovered in this way by placing a suitable measure on X, although the measure may be rather pathological.

In some cases a cause may not be clear, or it may be difficult to distinguish physiological phimosis from pathological if an infant appears to be in pain with urination or has obvious ballooning of the foreskin with urination or apparent discomfort.

There is also evidence that citalopram may be effective in the treatment of post-stroke pathological crying.

A subluxation is a complex of functional and / or structural and / or pathological articular changes that compromise neural integrity and may influence organ system function and general health.

Tachypnea may have physiological or pathological causes.

A recent test-tube study of prion folding suggests that an RNA may catalyze the pathological protein conformation in the manner of a chaperone enzyme.

Murmurs may be physiological ( benign ) or pathological ( abnormal ).

But due to the unavailability of Doppler ultrasound imaging technology ( the diagnostic tool detecting abnormal blood flow in the veins, " Venous Reflux ", the pathological basis for varicose veins ) at that time, Ekbom may have underestimated the role of venous disease.

Medicine and psychiatry are said to have also contributed to sex-negativity, as they may, from time to time, designate some forms of sexuality that appear on the bottom of this hierarchy as being pathological ( see Mental illness ).

However, they are exquisitely sensitive to increases in heart rate, and sudden bouts of tachycardia ( which can be caused simply by physiological responses to exertion, fever, or dehydration, or by pathological tachyarrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response ) may result in flash pulmonary edema.

Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture.

The affected bone is not as strong as normal bones and may fracture with minor trauma ( a pathological fracture ).

Some current studies indicate that osteoclast inhibitors such as alendronate and pamidronate may have beneficial effects on the quality of life by reducing osteolysis, thus reducing the degree of pain as well as the risk of pathological fractures .< ref name = Tomlin >

Similar results might be expected from the influence of drugs or pathological conditions that limit iodide trapping, or organification, or accelerate thyroglobulin proteolysis.

The fundamental differences between physiological and pathological states of parasympathetic ( and also of sympathetic ) dominance remain to be elucidated.

Fortunately the number of pathological bigots appears to be quite small, but it would be a mistake to think that more than a matter of degree separates them from the rest of us.

Medical treatment will be required ; otherwise the pathological changes will cause death.

Besides immune competent cells ( granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte ) a large group of cells-considered previously to be fixed into tissues-are also motile in special physiological ( e. g. mast cell, fibroblast, endothelial cells ) or pathological conditions ( e. g. metastases ).

In a recent article about the debate in the San Francisco Chronicle, Robbins notes that under the new guidelines, certain responses to grief could be labeled as pathological disorders, instead of being recognized as being normal human experiences.

The use of the nonparetic extremities to create the pathological lateral tilt of the body axis is another sign to be noted when diagnosing for pusher behaviour.

Marcellus of Sida, who wrote under the Antonines, gives an account of a disease which befell people in February ; but a pathological state seems to be meant.

Advances in Nanonephrology are expected to be based on discoveries in the above areas that can provide nano-scale information on the cellular molecular machinery involved in normal kidney processes and in pathological states.

In November, 2003, it was announced that pathological anatomists would be exhuming Petrarch's body from his casket in Arquà Petrarca, in order to verify 19th-century reports that he had stood 1. 83 meters ( about six feet ), which would have been tall for his period.

Physicist Robert Park states that parapsychology's reported positive results are problematic because most such findings are invariably at the margin of statistical significance and that might be explained by a number of confounding effects ; Park states that such marginal results are a typical symptom of pathological science as described by Irving Langmuir.

Bart Simon lists it among practices pretending to be science: " categories such as .. pseudoscience, amateur science, deviant or fraudulent science, bad science, junk science, and popular science pathological science, cargo-cult science, and voodoo science ..".

In a position paper released May 17, 2012, the Pan American Health Organization ( PAHO ) stated that services that purport to " cure " people with a non-heterosexual sexual orientation lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being of affected people, and noted that there is a professional consensus that homosexuality is a natural variation of human sexuality and cannot be regarded as a pathological condition.

He insisted that gay people could be cured, and that if they believed they should be accepted, they were asking for punishment, which confirmed their pathological immaturity.

* The blood volume of the lungs is about 450 milliliters, about 9 percent of the total blood volume of the entire circulatory system, Under various physiological and pathological conditions, the quantity of blood in the lungs can vary from as little as one-half normal up to twice normal. loss of blood from the systemic circulation by hemorrhage can be partly compensated for by the automatic shift of blood from the lungs into the systemic vessels

The two definitions are equivalent for many well-behaved spaces, including all Hausdorff σ-compact spaces, but can be different in more pathological spaces.

Aortic root dilatation is thought to be due to a mesenchymal defect as pathological evidence of cystic medial necrosis has been found by several studies.

However, freezing should not be done to a nevus suspected to be a melanoma, as the ice crystals can cause pathological changes called " freezing artifacts " which might interfere with the diagnosis of the melanoma.

A genuine disease must also be found on the autopsy table ( not merely in the living person ) and meet pathological definition instead of being voted into existence by members of the American Psychiatric Association.

In the field of economic psychology, Pride is conceptualized in a spectrum ranging from ‘ proper pride ’, associated with genuine achievements, and ‘ false pride ,’ which can be maladaptive or even pathological.