Category: 12th century in Syria

# 12th century: The Assassins extend their activities into Syria, where they could get much support from the local Shi ' i minority as the Seljuq sultanate had captured this territory.

From the 12th century the industry in Persia and Mesopotamia appears to decline, and the main production of luxury glass shifts to Egypt and Syria, and decorative effects of colour on smooth surfaced glass.

The most flourishing period of Kurdish power was probably during the 12th century, when the great Saladin, who belonged to the Rawendi branch of the Hadabani ( or Adiabene ) tribe, founded the Ayyubite ( 1171 – 1250 ) dynasty of Syria, and Kurdish chieftainships were established, not only to the west of the Kurdistan mountains in Syria, but as far away as Egypt and Yemen.

Colin McEvedy and Richard Jones suggest that in the 12th century, Syria had a population of 2. 7 million, Palestine and Transjordan had 500, 000 inhabitants, and Egypt had a population of under 5 million.

* Hugh of Jabala, 12th century bishop of Jabala, Syria

After the collapse of the Hittite Empire from the 12th century, while Neo-Hittite states partially pursued Hittite history in southern Anatolia and Syria, the chain seems to have broken as far as Arzawa lands in western Anatolia were concerned and these could have pursued their own cultural path until unification came with the emergence of Lydia as a state under the Mermnad dynasty in the 7th century BC.

Some believe evidence exists that classical was existent during the 12th century when from Lebanon and Syria were traveling to Israel in order to pass on to their students.

Some believe that classical semikhah may have even survived until the 12th century when semuchim from Lebanon and Syria were traveling to Israel in order to pass on semicha to their students.

* A. Ahrens, A Stone Vessel of Princess Itakayet of the 12th Dynasty from Tomb VII at Tell Mišrife / Qatna ( Syria ).

* A. Ahrens, A Stone Vessel with Hieroglyphic Inscription from Tomb VII at Tell Mišrife / Qatna ( Syria ): Yet Another Object Naming a Princess of the Middle Kingdom ( 12th Dynasty ) in the Northern Levant, Egypt and the Near East — The Crossroads.

It is possible that Arabic physicians may have performed dissections, including Ibn Zuhr ( Avenzoar ) ( 1091 – 1161 ) in Al-Andalus, Saladin's physician Ibn Jumay during the 12th century, Abd el-Latif in Egypt circa 1200, and Ibn al-Nafis in Syria and Egypt during the 13th century ..

From the 12th century, Muslims in Syria were using clay and glass grenades for fire weapons, thrown by machines.

Aram Damascus ( or ) was an Aramaean state around Damascus in Syria, from the late 12th century BCE to 734 BCE.

The last obstacle in Mrs. Geraghty's globe-girdling trip was smoothed out when a representative of Syria called upon her to explain that his brother would meet her at the border of that country -- so newly separated from Egypt and the United Arab Republic that she hadn't been able to obtain a visa.

After the death of his master the school of Syria was dispersed, and Aedesius seems to have modified his doctrines out of fear of Constantine, and took refuge in divination.

It relates that certain Jews coming to Syria and Salamis, where Barnabas was then preaching the gospel, being highly exasperated at his extraordinary success, fell upon him as he was disputing in the synagogue, dragged him out, and, after the most inhumane tortures, stoned him to death.

The governor of Syria, Publius Petronius, fearing civil war if the order were carried out, delayed implementing it for nearly a year.

Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus on the Euphrates in upper Syria in 423, suspecting Tatian of having been a heretic, sought out and found more than two hundred copies of the Diatessaron, which he " collected and put away, and introduced instead of them the Gospels of the four evangelists ".

God then sends him out again, this time to Damascus to anoint Hazael as king of Syria, Jehu as king of Israel, and Elisha as his replacement.

This move out of Africa seems to have been unsuccessful and by c. 60, 000 BC in Israel / Syria, especially at Amud, classic Neanderthal groups seem to have profited from the worsening climate to have replaced Homo sapiens, who seem to have been confined once more to Africa.

However when the governor of Syria had to be sent to sort out renewed troubles in Dacia, Hadrian was appointed as a replacement, giving him an independent command.

In late 1917, as the British Army including the Jewish Legion drove the Turks out of Southern Syria.

Some public opinion has started to turn against Hezbollah for their support of Syrian President Assad's attacks on the opposition movement in Syria Crowds in Cairo shouted out against Iran and Hezbollah, at a public speech by Hamas President Ismail Haniya in February 2012, when Hamas changed its support to the Syrian opposition.

** UNTSO, from 1958 ( Israel, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon ) – 8 out of 142 soldiers from 23 countries

Some of these accompanied him when he set out about 373 on a journey through Thrace and Asia Minor into northern Syria.

In a statement read out by its January President, Augustine Mahiga of Tanzania, the Council also called on Syria to take measures to stop movements of arms and personnel into Lebanon.

On October 19, 2004, following the UN Secretary General's report, the UN Security Council voted unanimously ( meaning that it received the backing of Algeria, the only Arab member of the Security Council ) to put out a statement calling on Syria to pull its troops out of Lebanon, in accordance with Resolution 1559.

Though Hezbollah organized a very successful rally, opposition leaders were quick to point out that Hezbollah had active support from Lebanon's government and Syria.

Another opposition member said the pro-Syrian government pressured people to turn out and some reports said Syria had bused in people from across the border.

* 2012 – The Damascus bombings were carried out using a pair of car bombs detonated by suicide bombers outside of a military intelligence complex in Damascus, Syria, killing 55 people and injuring 400 others

Logistic support and training were allegedly carried out directly by the Czechoslovak StB both in Prague and at remote PLO training camps in North Africa and Syria.

Many of them stepped out after the recognition of Syrian independence, but their influence is still evident on fluency of French by the educated class in Syria.

While he ruled Babylonia and eastern Syria from Damascus, the remnants of Balas ' supporters — first supporting Balas ' son Antiochus VI, then the usurping general Diodotus Tryphon — held out in Antioch.

Therefore, these people that migrated to the coast of the Black sea received an identification as the " Goth " ( or the " God ") people after receiving the influence of the Gospel coming out of Jerusalem and Antioch, Syria.

In June 1147, in fulfillment of his vow to go on crusade, Louis VII and his queen, Eleanor, set out from the Basilica of St Denis, first stopping in Metz, Lorraine, on the overland route to Syria.

Heraclius had set out to much of his Empire from the Persians and had attempted to bridge the controversy with Monophysitism, which was particularly strong in Syria and Egypt, by proposing a moderate theological position that had as good support in the tradition as any other.

* 2005 – Under international pressure, Syria withdraws the last of its 14, 000 troop military garrison in Lebanon, ending its 29-year military domination of that country ( Syrian occupation of Lebanon ).

Of notable importance is Isaiah 7: 14, where the prophet is assuring king Ahaz that God will save Judah from the invading armies of Israel and Syria ; the sign that will prove this is the forthcoming birth of a child called Emmanuel, " God With Us ".

* Alfred Schlicht, The role of foreign powers in the history of Lebanon and Syria from 1799 to 1861 In: Journal of Asian History 14 ( 1980 ) pp. 97 – 126

This includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 4, Austria 6, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 3, Bulgaria 19, Canada 2, China 16, Croatia 14, Cuba 1, Cyprus 7, Denmark 3, Estonia 5, Finland 1, Germany 54, Greece 627, Hong Kong 12, Iceland 3, India 10, Iran 2, Israel 26, Italy 36, Japan 2, Latvia 24, Lebanon 6, Monaco 29, Netherlands 10, Nigeria 2, Norway 43, Poland 29, Portugal 2, Romania 15, Russia 85, Saudi Arabia 1, Slovenia 2, South Korea 5, Spain 1, Switzerland 54, Syria 4, Turkey 84, Ukraine 25, United Arab Emirates 3, United Kingdom 4, United States 10 ( 2002 est.

It is not clear when and where olive trees were first domesticated: in Asia Minor in the 6th millennium ; Greece has by far the largest per capita consumption of olive oil worldwide, over 26 liters per person per year ; Spain and Italy, around 14 l ; Tunisia, Portugal, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon, around 8 l. Northern Europe and North America consume far less, around 0. 7 l, but the consumption of olive oil outside its home territory has been rising steadily.

* July 14 – WWII: Vichy France signs armistice terms, ending all fighting in Syria and Lebanon.

* September 14 – Zengi, ruler of Syria ( assassinated ) ( b. 1087 )

* May 16 – Julia Maesa, an aunt of the assassinated Caracalla, is banished to her home in Syria by the self-proclaimed emperor Macrinus and declares her grandson Elagabalus, age 14, emperor of Rome.

Field Marshal Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby GCB, GCMG, GCVO ( 23 April 1861 – 14 May 1936 ) was a British soldier and administrator most famous for his role during the First World War, in which he led the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in the conquest of Palestine and Syria in 1917 and 1918.

Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell, CBE ( 14 July 1868 – 12 July 1926 ) was an English writer, traveller, political officer, administrator, archaeologist and spy who explored, mapped, and became highly influential to British imperial policy-making due to her extensive travels in Greater Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, and Arabia.

Syria is a perfect example: a single province in AD 14, in the middle of the 3rd century it was divided in four different administrative regions: Tres Daciae, Cappadocia, Syria Coele and Syria Palestina.

On May 14, 1930 the High Commissioner of the French Republic in the Levant, Henri Ponsot, issued decree number 3111 that would put the Constitution of the State of Syria, and in Article IV of Part I: " Syrian flag will be as follows: length double width, and is divided into three parallel and equal colors, the highest green, white then black, that the white section contains in a straight line three red five-pointed stars ".

* 14 July-France declares that Faisal I of Syria is deposed and occupies Damascus and Aleppo.

As the result of endless discussions between the representatives of the powers, the Porte and the pasha, the Convention of Kutaya was signed on May 14, 1833, by which the sultan agreed to bestow on Muhammad Ali the pashaliks of Syria, Damascus, Aleppo and Itcheli, together with the district of Adana.

* May 14 – The RAF receives authorization to attack German aircraft on Vichy French airfields in Syria.

On 14 June 1942 the generals recalled the New Zealanders from their occupation-duties in Syria as the Afrika Korps broke through Gazala and captured Tobruk.

President Bashar al-Assad of Syria has been accused by human rights organizations of slaughtering thousands of civilians, with estimates of 14, 000 civilians being killed as of July 2012 during the uprising against his dictatorship.

After the news reached the French authorities currently in control of Syria, the report was investigated, and digging on the site was started on December 14, 1933 by archaeologists from the Louvre in Paris.

The resolution was drafted by the United States and co-sponsored by Spain and the United Kingdom ; it was approved by 14 of 15 Security Council members as Syria did not participate in the voting.

By the mid-1980s however, the movement totalled 14, 000-16, 000 militiamen trained and armed by Syria, of which 10, 000 alone were part-time male and female irregulars.

Palmyra was made part of the Roman province of Syria during the reign of Tiberius ( 14 – 37 AD ).

At the start of the demonstrations, Syria had been maintaining a force of roughly 14, 000 soldiers and intelligence agents in Lebanon.