TOPLAP ( The ( Temporary | Transnational | Terrestrial | Transdimensional ) Organisation for the ( Promotion | Proliferation | Permanence | Purity ) of Live ( Algorithm | Audio | Art | Artistic ) Programming ) is an informal organization formed in February 2004 to bring together the various communities that had formed around live coding environments.

* A short film on live coding and the TOPLAP manifesto, Stephen Ramsay, Critical Code Studies Workshop, March 2010.

The TOPLAP manifesto asserts several requirements for a TOPLAP compliant performance, in particular that performers ' screens should be projected and not hidden.

TOPLAP has had a number of international meetings, including the LOSS Livecode festival in 2007, and in 2009 received organisational funding from the PRS Foundation for its UK activities.

It is characterized by the adoption of home-recording by independent artists, and involvement in ad-hoc self-distribution and promotion networks-primarily conducted through mail ( though there were a few retail outlets, such as Rough Trade and Falling A in the UK ) and fanzines.

Bus spotters are relatively unconcerned by timetables or network quality but they may be interested in new liveries, especially ad-hoc schemes to advertise particular products or events.

Many of the sessions are sponsored by academic associations, universities, or publishers, while others are arranged by ad-hoc groups which are interested in a particular topic.

AppleTalk was so easy to use that ad-hoc networks tended to appear whenever multiple Macs were in the same room.

The grafting on of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto into the astrology discourse was done on an ad-hoc basis.

A Royal Commission on London Government in the 1920s did not permit the London County Council to extend its area of responsibility and an ad-hoc London Traffic Area was created to regulate motor traffic in the wider London region.

In the 1930s another ad-hoc solution was sought to improve the control and coordination of public transport.

In Vietnam, the M113 was often fitted with extra armament and used as an ad-hoc Infantry Fighting Vehicle.

Accent was a purely experimental system with many features, developed in an ad-hoc fashion over a period of time with changing research interests.

Instead, the referee may declare ad-hoc bonuses to task checks under certain situations ; for instance a character might get a + 2 bonus on an Acrobatic skill check if their Dexterity characteristic was 10 or better.

Before March 5, 1973, Telnet was an ad-hoc protocol with no official definition.

Nevertheless, kitchen design was mostly ad-hoc following the whims of the architect.

Unsurprisingly Marius ' ad-hoc force was no match for Sulla's legions.

The first recorded use of dive bombing was an ad-hoc solution by British Royal Flying Corps pilots during World War I.

In December 1943, he was ordered to begin formation of an ad-hoc reinforced tank regiment, titled Heavy Panzer Regiment Bäke Bäke.

NAQT was more organized than ACF in several respects: it had a formal membership structure, an actually incorporated business rather than ACF's ad-hoc financing, paid writers, and a product to sell other than its regional and national tournaments — specifically, the " invitational sets " which were originally marketed to colleges but became extremely popular ( and much more competitively appropriate ) with high schools soon afterwards.

While the combat was taking place, Winfield Scott led his depleted brigade ( which had been reorganized into a single ad-hoc battalion under Major Henry Leavenworth ) in an unauthorized attack against Drummond's centre.

Eventually, Albert Einstein ( 1905 ) was the first who completely removed the ad-hoc character from the contraction hypothesis, by demonstrating that this contraction was no dynamical effect in the aether, but rather a kinematic effect due to the change in the notions of space, time and simultaneity brought about by special relativity.

To relieve the problem, an ad-hoc patrol of headquarters staff, including the padre, was formed to assist.

It was also the first release distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL, Geturl having been distributed under an ad-hoc no-warranty license.

The Duxford Big Wing was not an organised and rehearsed military unit, merely an ad-hoc collection of squadrons led by one of Fighter Command's less experienced squadron leaders.

During the banking panic of 1907, an ad-hoc coalition assembled by J. P. Morgan successfully intervened in this way, thereby cutting off the panic, which was likely the reason why the depression that would normally have followed a banking panic did not happen this time.

Dublin Institute of Technology ( DIT ) () was established officially in 1992 under the Dublin Institute of Technology Act but had been previously set up in 1978 on an ad-hoc basis.

Macromind was very active in positioning the XObject API as standard for external media devices to collaborate through Lingo ; and its interest as a standard achieved a lot of involvement from prominent and burgeoning media product companies through an ad-hoc group called the Multimedia Association.

This led after a report was delivered in 1979, to the creation of the ad-hoc Interim Board for Posts ( An Bord Poist ), chaired by Feargal Quinn, and the Interim Board for Telecommunications ( An Bord Telecom ), chaired by Michael Smurfit.

The forces at Allenby's disposal were also expanded and the ad-hoc nature of Murray's army structure was replaced with a more conventional arrangement.

The regional councils replaced the more than 700 ad-hoc bodies which had been formed in the preceding century – roads boards, catchment boards, drainage boards, pest control boards, harbour boards, domain and reserve boards.

Local political parties are formed on an ad-hoc basis, generally focused on key issues of local concern ; national political parties do not officially participate in township elections.

Months after the Twilight crisis is averted, Andrew Wells has gathered a team again and formed an ad-hoc disaster relief for former Slayers.

This allows ZigBee networks to be formed ad-hoc, with no centralized control or high-power transmitter / receiver able to reach all of the devices.

The Lucerne Festival Orchestra is an ad-hoc ensemble which has been formed in several incarnations for the eponymous music festival.

In March 2010, a Richmond Virginia ad-hoc group formed to create a counter protest to an upcoming Westboro Baptist Church visit protesting against Jewish and LGBT organizations.

As the Ottomans advanced towards Vienna, the city's population organised an ad-hoc resistance formed from local farmers, peasants and civilians determined to repel the inevitable attack who were supported by a variety of European mercenaries ; namely German Landsknecht pikemen and Spanish musketeers sent by Charles V.

The Einsatzgruppen has its origins in the ad-hoc Einsatzkommando, formed by Reinhard Heydrich to secure government buildings and documents following the Anschluss in Austria in March 1938.

They became more violent, more individualistic, more distrustful of authority, less artistic, less scientific, and more dependent on ad-hoc organizations they formed themselves.

First formed in 1973 at Tengah Air Base, the Black Knights is RSAF's official aerobatic team and has been performing on an ad-hoc basis since its inception, with volunteer pilots drawn from various front line squadrons within the RSAF.

An ad-hoc network, on the other hand, is formed ad hoc when wireless devices come within communication range of each other.

Many parties are little more than ad-hoc electoral lists, formed by negotiation among influential local figures representing the various confessional communities ; these lists usually function only for the purpose of the election, and do not form identifiable groupings in the parliament subsequently.

Following the costly success of Operation Mercury, the airborne assault on Crete in 1941, several elite Fallschirmjäger units were formed into an ad-hoc brigade under the command of veteran commander Oberst Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke.

Despite the losses it suffered in Sangshak, the paratroopers formed ad-hoc units and continued to participate in actions to destroy Japanese forces near and around Imphal until its withdrawal in July end.