The most limited definition was the official one of the Soviet Union, which defined Middle Asia as consisting solely of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.

The Basmachi revolt that broke out in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was quelled in the early 1920s and Tajikistan became an autonomous Soviet socialist republic ( Tajik ASSR ) within Uzbekistan in 1924.

In 1929 Tajikistan was made one of the component republics of the Soviet Union – Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic ( Tajik SSR ) – and it kept that status until 1991.

Tajikistan was part of Scythia in Classical Antiquity.

Bactria was located in northern Afghanistan ( present-day Afghan Turkestan ) between the mountain range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya ( Oxus ) River and some areas of current south Tajikistan.

Subsequently, present Tajikistan was ruled by Göktürks except Chinese rule between 658 and 681 before decisive incursion of Arabs in 710.

However, the enforcement activity of the ministry was limited severely by the political upheavals that plagued Tajikistan in its first years of independence.

The only registered private environmental group in Tajikistan in the early 1990s was a chapter of the Social-Ecological Alliance, the largest informal environmental association in the former Soviet Union.

The first such project, the Anzob Tunnel, was inaugurated in 2006, providing a year-round road link from Dushanbe to northern Tajikistan.

Because the Khujand – Dushanbe route is closed in winter, the Anzob Tunnel was built to bypass the mountain crossing and open a route connecting Tashkent ( Uzbekistan ) and points north with Afghanistan and Pakistan to the south, via Tajikistan.

In mid-2005 construction began on a bridge across the Panj River to Afghanistan which was funded by the United States and opened in August 2007, and plans called for construction of several other bridges ultimately connecting Tajikistan to warm-water ports to the south.

A road bridge linking Tajikistan and Afghanistan which cost $ 37 million was inaugurated in 2007.

There are no rail links to China or Tajikistan, though a connection to the latter was proposed in 2008.

Emperor Tang Xuanzong brought the Middle Kingdom to its golden age while the Silk Road thrived, with sway over Indochina in the south, and to the west Tang China was master of the Pamirs ( modern-day Tajikistan ) and protector of Kashmir bordering Persia.

The territory of Tokharistan was identical with Kushan Bactria, including the areas of Surkhandarya, Southern Tajikistan and Northern Afghanistan.

It was thought to be the highest point in the Pamirs in Tajikistan until 1933, when Ismoil Somoni Peak ( known as Stalin Peak at the time ) was climbed and found to be more than 300 metres higher.

In Tajikistan, the peak was renamed again in July 2006, and today it is officially called in Tajik Qullai Abuali ibni Sino ( қуллаи Абӯалӣ ибни Сино, Ibn Sina Peak or, alternatively, Avicenna Peak ) after Abu Ali ibn Sina ( Avicena ).

Buddhism was spread among the Turkic people during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE into modern-day Pakistan, Kashmir, Afghanistan, eastern and coastal Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan.

Severe rioting occurred in February 1990, after it was rumored that Moscow planned to relocate tens of thousands of Armenian refugees to Tajikistan.

The city was badly damaged as a result of the Civil War in Tajikistan ( 1992 – 1997 ) that sprang up in the nation shortly after its independence.

It was merged with Russian part of it in 1924 and was organized as the Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous oblast ( province ) within the Tajik SSR in 1929, later the Kohistan-Badakhshan Autonomous Province ( the official name since 1994 ) within Tajikistan.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ( SCO ) is an intergovernmental organization which was founded on June 14, 2001 by the leaders of the People's Republic of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

Three enclaves, legally part of the territory of Kyrgyzstan but geographically removed by several kilometers, have been established, two in Uzbekistan and one in Tajikistan.

Landlocked Afghanistan has no seaports but the Amu Darya river, which forms part of the nation's border with Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, does have barge traffic.

ISO 3166-2: TJ is the entry for Tajikistan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions ( e. g., provinces or states ) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

The first part is < tt > TJ </ tt >, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Tajikistan.

According to Jane's, Washington was giving the Northern Alliance information and logistics support as part of concerted action with India, Iran, and Russia against Afghanistan's Taliban regime, with Tajikistan and Uzbekistan being used as bases.

The Kushan Empire ( c. 1st – 3rd centuries ) originally formed in Bactria on either side of the middle course of the Oxus River or Amu Darya in what is now northern Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan ; during the 1st century CE, they expanded their territory to include the Punjab and much of the Ganges basin, conquering a number of kingdoms across the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the process.

In 329 BCE, Alexander the Great founded a Greek settlement with the city of Alexandria Eschate " The Furthest ", in the southwestern part of the Ferghana valley, on the southern bank of the river Syr Darya ( ancient Jaxartes ), at the location of the modern city of Khujand, in the state of Tajikistan.

In Tajikistan it is part of Soghd Province or vilayat, with the capital at Khujand.

In Uzbekistan Tajiks are the largest part of the population of the ancient cities of Bukhara and Samarqand, and are found in large numbers in the Surxondaryo Province in the south and along Uzbekistan's eastern border with Tajikistan.

From 1383 to 1385, the Afghanistan area was conquered from the north by Timur, leader of neighboring Transoxiana ( roughly modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and adjacent areas ), and became a part of the Timurid Empire.

In the early 1950s the Soviet government encouraged migration of residents of Rushan district of Gorno Badakhshan to other parts of Tajikistan, especially to the area of Qumsangir, situated in the southern part of today's Khatlon region as the area needed workforce.

Balkh Province is situated in the northern part of Afghanistan, bordering Uzbekistan in the North, Tajikistan in the North-East, Kunduz Province in the East, Samangan Province in the South-East, Sar-e Pol Province in the South-West and Jowzjan Province in the West.

In Asia, it was observed in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Borneo, Bhutan, China ( Gengma County only ), Burma, Georgia, Guinea, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos, Malaysia ( Malaysian part of Borneo island ), Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Vietnam.

During the Civil War in Tajikistan from 1992-1997 Gharm was a hotbed for the opposition forces and the town was controlled by the opposition during the later part of the civil war in Tajikistan.

Karotegin is the historic name of the Rasht Valley and a historic political region in pre-Soviet Central Asia that is today part of Tajikistan.

Prior to 1895, the area of today's Gorno-Badakhshan province consisted of several semi-self governing statelets, including Darwaz, Shughnun-Rushan and Wakhan, who ruled over territories that today are part of Gorno-Badakhshan province in Tajikistan and Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan.

The northern part of the historic Wakhan is now part of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan.

But historically, the peoples of Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Georgia, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan originate from the same or similar stock, and are related to one another as part of the larger group of peoples of Greater Iran.

It was established in the southwestern part of the Fergana Valley, on the southern bank of the river Jaxartes ( modern name Syr Darya ), at the location of the modern city of Khujand, in the state of Tajikistan.

“ Alexandria the Furthest ”) in the southwestern part of the Ferghana valley, on the southern bank of the river Syr Darya ( ancient Jaxartes ), at the location of the modern city of Khujand ( also called Khozdent, formerly Leninabad ), in the state of Tajikistan.