It now reflected not only Tamar's sway over the traditional subdivisions of the Georgian realm, but also included new components, emphasizing the Georgian crown's hegemony over the neighboring lands.

He was David Soslan, an Alan prince, to whom the 18th-century Georgian scholar Prince Vakhushti ascribes descent from the early 11th-century Georgian king George I. David, a capable military commander, became Tamar's major supporter and was instrumental in defeating the rebellious nobles rallied behind Yuri.

In 1199, Tamar's armies scored another major victory when two brothers, Zak ' are and Ivane Mkhargrdzeli, dislodged the Shaddadid dynasty from Ani, the erstwhile capital of the Armenian kingdom, and received it from the queen as their fief.

According to Tamar's historian, the aim of the Georgian expedition to Trebizond was to punish the Byzantine emperor Alexius IV Angelus for his confiscation of a shipment of money from the Georgian queen to the monasteries of Antioch and Mount Athos.

Tamar's chronicle praises her universal protection of Christianity and her support of churches and monasteries from Egypt to Bulgaria and Cyprus.

However, Tamar's own prestige and the expansion of patronq ' moba – a Georgian version of feudalism – kept the more powerful dynastic princes from fragmenting the kingdom.

The chart below shows the abbreviated genealogy of Tamar and her family, tracing it from Tamar's grandfather to her grandchildren.

Relying on a powerful military élite, Tamar was able to build on the successes of her predecessors to consolidate an empire which dominated the Caucasus until its collapse under the Mongol attacks within two decades after Tamar's death.

Among the remarkable events of Tamar's reign was the foundation of the empire of Trebizond on the Black Sea in 1204.

Tamar's association with the period of political and military successes and cultural achievements, combined with her role as a female ruler, has led to her idealization and romantization in Georgian arts and historical memory.

Tamar's youth coincided with a major upheaval in Georgia ; in 1177, her father, George III, was confronted by a rebellious faction of nobles.

The turning point in Tamar's fortunes came with the death of the powerful catholicos Michael whom the queen replaced, as a chancellor, with her supporter, Anton Glonistavisdze.

Repeated occasions of dynastic strife in Georgia combined with the efforts of regional successors of the Great Seljuq Empire, such as the Ildenizid atabegs of Azerbaijan, Shirvanshahs, and the Ahlatshahs, had slowed down the dynamic of the Georgians achieved during the reigns of Tamar's great-grandfather, David IV, and her father, George III.

A copper coin with Georgian and Arabic inscriptions featuring Tamar's monogram ( 1200 )

Tamar's historian relates that the queen suddenly fell ill when discussing the state affairs with her ministers at the Nacharmagevi castle near the town of Gori.

" An orthodox academic view still places Tamar's grave at Gelati, but a series of archaeological studies, beginning with Taqaishvili in 1920, has failed to locate it at the monastery.

Similarly, in the highland district of Pshavi, Tamar's image fused with a pagan goddess of healing and female fertility.

In a great final burst, the brothers led an army marshaled throughout Tamar's possessions and vassal territories in a march, through Nakhchivan and Julfa, to Marand, Tabriz, and Qazvin in northern Iran, pillaging several settlements on their way.

Two years later, to avenge his sister, Absalom, Amnon's half-brother and Tamar's full brother, sent his servants to kill Amnon at a feast to which he had invited all the king's sons.

It is possible that Tamar had a younger sister, Rusudan ; but she is only mentioned once in all contemporary accounts of Tamar's reign.

There was a considerable opposition to Tamar's succession ; this was sparked by a reaction against the repressive policies of her father and encouraged by the new sovereign's other perceived weakness, her sex.

As Georgia had never previously had a female ruler, a part of the aristocracy questioned Tamar's legitimacy, while others tried to exploit her youth and supposed weakness to assert greater autonomy for themselves.

The energetic involvement of Tamar's influential aunt Rusudan and the Georgian catholicos Michael IV Mirianisdze was crucial for legitimizing Tamar's succession to the throne.

Alexios and David, Tamar's relatives, were fugitive Byzantine princes raised at the Georgian court.

However, Tamar's Pontic endeavor can better be explained by her desire to take advantage of the Western European Fourth Crusade against Constantinople to set up a friendly state in Georgia's immediate southwestern neighborhood, as well as by the dynastic solidarity to the dispossessed Comnenoi.

Saladin's response is not recorded, but the queen's efforts seem to have been successful: Jacques de Vitry, who attained to the bishopric of Acre shortly after Tamar's death, gives further evidence of the Georgians ’ presence in Jerusalem.

Georgia's political and cultural exploits of Tamar's epoch were rooted in a long and complex past.

By the last years of Tamar's reign, the Georgian state had reached the zenith of its power and prestige in the Middle Ages.

God looks into the realm of temporal reality from outside of it, as though it were a surface or a line stretched out: the edges or ends of which are fully " visible " to God, so that He is in a somewhat spatial sense " omnipresent " with regard to time.

At its peak, the realm of Branković stretched from Sjenica in the west to Skopje in the east, with the cities of Priština and Vučitrn serving as its capitals.

His realm may have stretched west-and northwards to include some parts of the Zagorje ( inland Serbia and Bosnia ) as well.

At peak of his power, Ottokar II's realm stretched from Krkonoše | Krkonoše Mts.

Peter might have been planning an attack on Bulgaria with the Magyars, showing that his realm had stretched north to the Sava river.

His realm probably stretched into the hinterland to include some parts of Zagorje ( inland Serbia and Bosnia ) as well.

His realm may have stretched west-and northwards to include some parts of the Zagorje ( inland Serbia and Bosnia ) as well.

" Officially after 1999, party organs claimed that Falun Gong, being an " evil cult ," had used deception to manipulate and attack the psychology of the common people, and that its aims stretched into the political and economic realm.

According to Constantine Porphyrogenitus, writing in c. 950, Patzinakia, the Pecheneg realm, stretched west as far as the Siret River ( or even the Eastern Carpathian Mountains ), and was four days distant from " Tourkias " ( i. e. Hungary ).

The realm of divinities stretched from the original One down to material nature itself, where soul in fact descended into matter and became " embodied " as human beings.

This theme comes to represent the outer world, the realm of battles and banquets -- seen from a distance, quite distinct from the quieter spiritual life in the monastery.

This type of military fiefdom enabled the nomadic Turks to draw on the resources of the sedentary Persians, Turks and other established cultures within the Seljuq realm, and allowed Alp Arslan to field a huge standing army, without depending on tribute from conquest to pay his soldiery.

The soul then inhabits a realm of the earth-atmosphere extending upwards for two-hundred miles, and that the souls live off ultraviolet rays from the sun.

Bishop Asser claimed that the ' pagans ' agreed to vacate the realm and made good their promise ; and, indeed, the Viking army did withdraw from Reading in the autumn of 871 to take up winter quarters in Mercian London.

Since the implementation of the Statute of Westminster 1931 in each of the Commonwealth realms ( on successive dates from 1931 onwards ), the Act of Settlement cannot be altered in any realm except by that realm's own parliament and, by convention, only with the consent of all the other realms, as it touches on the succession to the shared throne.

Authority in the Roman Church is the exertion of that imperium from which England in the 16th century finally and decisively declared its national independence as the alter imperium, the " other empire ", of which Henry VIII declared " This realm of England is an empire " ...

In November 2008, the UK based think tank Demos published an influential pamphlet entitled ' It's a material world: caring for the public realm ', in which they argue for integrating the public directly into efforts to conserve material culture, particularly that which is in the public, their argument, as stated on page 16, demonstrates their belief that society can benefit from conservation as a paradigm as well as a profession:

Being is quite conceivable apart from actual existence ; so much so that the very first and the most universal of all the distinctions in the realm of being is that which divides it into two classes, that of the real and that of the possible.

Later in his life, Beowulf is himself king of the Geats, and finds his realm terrorised by a dragon whose treasure had been stolen from his hoard in a burial mound.

' Sir ,' quoth he, ' I am Denis of Morbeke, a knight of Artois ; but I serve the king of England because I am banished from the realm of France and I have forfeited all that I had there.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

The " common law " was the law that emerged as " common " throughout the realm ( as distinct from the various legal codes that preceded it, such as Mercian law, the Danelaw and the law of Wessex ) as the king's judges followed each other's decisions to create a unified common law throughout England.

Aside from the role of governments and the church, the history of copyright law is in essential ways also connected to the rise of capitalism and the attendant extension of commodity relations to the realm of creative human activities, such as literary and artistic production.

The population was rising ( estimates for Constantinople in the 12th century vary from some 100, 000 to 500, 000 ), and towns and cities across the realm flourished.

This position is generally separate from any internal IT functions ( the realm of the CIO ).

The evidence is inconclusive in proving how far the Shang realm extended from Anyang.

But by 731, his own realm secure, Charles began to prepare exclusively for the coming storm from the south and west.

Factors including late intake valve closure ( relatively speaking for camshaft profiles outside of typical production car range, but not necessarily into the realm of competition engines ) can produce a misleadingly low figure from this test.

Cyril ’ s many works stay within the realm of biblical stories and religious thought contrived from other Christian authors.

He rejects the idea of the naturalistic fallacy as the idea that ethics is in some free-floating realm, writing that the fallacy is to rush from facts to values.

The Demiurge, having received a portion of power from his mother, sets about a work of creation in unconscious imitation of the superior Pleromatic realm: He frames the seven heavens, as well as all material and animal things, according to forms furnished by his mother ; working however blindly, and ignorant even of the existence of the mother who is the source of all his energy.

This advice is relayed to Ninurta by way of Sharur, his enchanted talking mace, which had been sent by Ninurta to the realm of the gods to seek counsel from Enlil directly.

These few works have successfully made the transition from the elite realm of the museum visitor to the enormous venue of popular culture.

An emperor ( through Old French empereor from Latin imperator ) is a ( male ) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm.