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Taranto was founded in 706 BC by Dorian Greek immigrants as the only Spartan colony, and its origin is peculiar: the founders were Partheniae (" sons of virgins "), sons of unmarried Spartan women and Perioeci ( free men, but not citizens of Sparta ); these out-of-wedlock unions were permitted extraordinarily by the Spartans to increase the prospective number of soldiers ( only the citizens of Sparta could become soldiers ) during the bloody Messenian wars, but later they were retroactively nullified, and the sons were then obliged to leave Greece forever.
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Taranto and was
Leonora was the daughter of Ferdinand I, the Aragonese King of Naples, and Isabella of Taranto.
Seated goddess, probably Persephone on her throne in the underworld, Severe style ca 480 – 60, found at Taranto | Tarentum, Magna Graecia ( Pergamon Museum, Berlin ) Persephone held an ancient role as the dread queen of the Underworld, within which tradition it was forbidden to speak her name.
Paisiello was born at Taranto and educated by the Jesuits there.
The building was built by Greek artisans coming from the Spartan colony of Taranto in Apulia.
After the fall of Bari, the cities of Trani, Giovinazzo, Andria, Taranto, and Brindisi were also captured, and William who arrived with his army ( which included 2, 000 knights ) was heavily defeated.
Taranto won the first of two wars against Rome for the control of Southern Italy: it was helped by Pyrrhus, king of Greek Epirus, who surprised Rome with the use of elephants in battle, a thing never seen before by the Romans.
The second war was conversely won by Rome, which subsequently cut off Taranto from the centre of Mediterranean trade, by connecting the Via Appia directly to the port of Brundisium ( Brindisi ).
In 1991 Taranto was declared a high environmental risk area by the Ministry of Environment.
The Municipality of Taranto was declared bankrupt because-as ascertained by Francesco Boccia, chief of the liquidation committee-as of 31 December 2005, it had accrued liabilities in an amount equal to 637 million euros.
For this prosperity it was doubtless indebted in part to its position on the Via Appia, just at the junction of the two principal arms or branches of that great road, the one called afterwards the Via Trajana, leading from thence by Equus Tuticus into Apulia ; the other by Aeclanum to Venusia ( modern Venosa ) and Tarentum ( modern Taranto ).
Although most of Sicily was lost, the general Nikephoros Phokas ( the Elder ) succeeded in taking Taranto and much of Calabria in 880.
It was in Torre Saturo, almost 15 km south of Taranto, that Spartan colonists settled their first colony in Taranto zone.
After the conquest of Taranto in 272, the Roman rule was extended to the whole region: the Via Appia reached Brindisi and the colonies of Potentia ( modern Potenza ) and Grumentum were founded.
In Naples and Sicily he was styled as the Prince of Taranto.
In order to arrange a good future for Ferdinand, King Alfonso had him married in 1444 to a feudal heiress, Isabella of Taranto, who besides being the elder daughter of Tristan di Chiaramonte ( Tristan de Clermont-Lodeve ), Count of Copertino, and Catherine of Baux Orsini, was the niece and heiress presumptive of childless prince Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini of Taranto.
The original intent of making Taranto as his and his heirs ' main principality was not any longer current, but still it was a strengthening of Ferrante's resources and position that his wife in 1463 succeeded her uncle Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini as possessor of the rich Taranto, Lecce and other fiefs in Apulia.
It remained in the hands of the Byzantine emperors until it was among the last cities of Apulia to surrender to the Norman Robert Guiscard in 1068, and then became part of the Principality of Taranto.
In reality, Godfrey was only one of several leaders of the crusade, which also included Raymond IV of Toulouse, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert of Flanders, Stephen of Blois and Baldwin of Boulogne to name a few, along with papal legate Adhémar of Montiel, Bishop of Le Puy.
Special suspicion was reserved for crusading leader Bohemond of Taranto, a southern Italian Norman who, under the leadership of his father Robert Guiscard, had invaded Byzantine territory in the Balkans in 1081
Taranto and founded
* Heracles founded the city Tarentum ( modern Taranto in Italy ).
An important institution of Taranto is the " Galileo Ferraris " high school, founded in 1848, located in via Mascherpa 10.
First founded by the Spartans almost 3, 000 years before, Taranto had been fought over numerous times.
Also the Greek colonies ( Magna Graecia ) of Croton, Heraclea, Thurii, and Sybaris were founded on Gulf of Taranto.
At the same time various Muslim incursions into southern Italy occurred, with new Emirates being founded in Taranto and Bari.
Taranto and 706
* 706 BC: Spartan immigrants found Taras ( Tarentum, the modern Taranto ) colony in southern Italy.
* 706 BC — Spartan immigrants found Taras ( Tarentum, the modern Taranto ) colony in southern Italy.
Later, around 706 BC, they conquered the Iapygian city of Taranto.
Taranto and BC
In the 8th century BC, the Ancient Greeks expanded until reaching the area of Taranto and Salento in Magna Graecia.
Image: Terracotta dancing maenad MET 12. 232. 13. png | Ancient Greek terracotta statuette of a dancing maenad, 3rd century BC, from Taranto.
The Greek colonies in southern Italy had been using coins for most of this time, and this technology had also been adopted by a number of other Italian cities, such as Naples, Taranto, Velia, Heraclea, Metapontum, Thurii and Croton, who produced them in large quantities during the 4th century BC to pay for their wars against the inland Italian groups encroaching on their territory.
Ancient Greek terracotta statuette of a dancing maenad, 3rd century BC, from Taranto.
In the autumn of 282 BC, Tarentum celebrated their festival of Dionysus ; while in their theatre in front of sea, they saw ten Roman ships, with soldiers and supplies for the Roman garrison of Thurii, entering the Gulf of Taranto.
File: Woman head Antikenmuseum Basel Kuhn35. jpg | Woman head, Ancient Greek terracotta woman head from Taranto, end of 4th century BC
* Kroton can refer to Croton, an Achaean colony from c. 710 BC on the coast of the Gulf of Taranto.
Taranto and by
in the 13th-century by the alchemist Pseudo-Geber ( Geber ), sometimes identified with Paul of Taranto, that all physical bodies possess an inner and outer layer of minute particles or corpuscles.
The second and much more formidable host of crusaders gradually made its way to Constantinople, led in sections by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemond of Taranto, Raymond IV of Toulouse and other important members of the western nobility.
* 1097 – Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by Prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by Sultan Kilij Arslan I.
* August 15 – The ancient city of Taranto, in southern Italy, is destroyed by the Saracens.
* According to the last available data, in 2005 the production of dioxin by the steel industry ILVA in Taranto ( Italy ) accounted for 90. 3 per cent of the overall Italian emissions, and 8. 8 per cent of the European emissions.
In ancient times, residents of the town of Taranto, upon being bitten by the large local Wolf Spider, Lycosa tarentula, would promptly do a long vigorous dance like a Jig.
As a consequence of the poisons discharged into the air by the factories in the area ( most notably the ILVA steel plant, part of Gruppo Riva ), Taranto is the most polluted city in Italy and western Europe.
The latest data provided by the INES, the Italian national institute of emissions and their sources ( Inventario nazionale delle emissioni e loro sorgenti ), confirm that Taranto stands comparison with China's Linfen and Copşa Mică in Romania, the most polluted cities in the world due to factories ' emissions.
Crotone also has a railway station, although much of the tourism traffic is served by the Salerno-Reggio Calabria highway and the National Road ( called 106 Ionica ) leading all the Jonic ( eastern ) coast from Taranto to Reggio Calabria.
Note that a harbour close by Taranto is still called Torre Saturo ( derived from Satyrion ).
He marched to Dyrrhachium, and then east to Constantinople along the same route used by Bohemond of Taranto.
The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself.
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