According to United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization the term bean should include only species of Phaseolus ; however, a strict consensus definition has proven difficult because in the past, several species such as Vigna ( angularis ( azuki bean ), mungo ( black gram ), radiata ( mung bean ), aconitifolia ( moth bean )) were classified as Phaseolus and later reclassified.

Oaks are used as food plants by the larvae of Lepidoptera ( butterfly and moth ) species such as the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar, which can defoliate oak and other broadleaved tree species in North America.

These toxic species, such as the Cinnabar moth ( Tyria jacobaeae ) and monarch ( Danaus plexippus ) caterpillars, usually advertise themselves with the danger colors of red, yellow and black, often in bright stripes ( see aposematism ).

Others, such as gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar ) larvae, change their activity patterns depending on density and larval stage, with more diurnal feeding in early instars and high densities.

Onobrychis species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species, such as the case-bearer moth Coleophora colutella ( recorded on O. saxatilis ) and the Damon Blue ( Polyommatus damon ) butterfly.

A sometimes confusing family can be the " Geometridae " ( such as the Winter moth ) because the adults often rest with their wings folded vertically.

True flies are written as two words, such as crane fly, robber fly, bee fly, moth fly, and fruit fly.

There are several species of Saturniidae that are also farmed for their silk, such as the Ailanthus moth ( Samia cynthia group of species ), the Chinese Oak Silkmoth ( Antheraea pernyi ), the Assam Silkmoth ( Antheraea assamensis ), and the Japanese Silk Moth ( Antheraea yamamai ).

Pheromones of pest insect species, such as the Japanese beetle and the gypsy moth, can be used to induce many behaviors.

Spectacular examples include orchids such as Angraecum sesquipedale, dependant on a particular hawk moth, Morgan's Sphinx.

Juniper is the exclusive food plant of the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Bucculatrix inusitata and Juniper Carpet, and is also eaten by the larvae of other Lepidoptera species such as Chionodes electella, Chionodes viduella, Juniper Pug and Pine Beauty ; those of the tortrix moth C. duplicana feed on the bark around injuries or canker.

Urtica nettles are food for the caterpillars of numerous Lepidoptera ( butterflies and moths ), such as the tortrix moth Syricoris lacunana and several Nymphalidae, such as Vanessa atalanta, one of the Red Admiral butterflies.

Often animals are derided as pests as they cause damage to agriculture by feeding on crops or parasitising livestock, such as codling moth on apples, or boll weevil on cotton.

These are not visible at rest, being hidden by the dull forewings, but they help the moth avoid predators such as birds if it is disturbed during the day.

During his long career he undertook important pioneering research on serious pests such as the red-legged earth mite, buffalo fly, lucerne fly, cattle tick, clothes moth and the New Guinea screw-worm fly.

Several Bidens species are used as food by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, such as the noctuid moth Hypercompe hambletoni and the Painted Lady ( Vanessa cardui, a brush-footed butterfly ).

The leaves provide food for some animals, including Lepidoptera such as the case-bearer moth Coleophora anatipennella.

Sweetgum is a foodplant for various Lepidoptera caterpillars, such as the gypsy moth.

The leaves provide food for many animals, including Lepidoptera such as the case-bearer moth, Coleophora anatipennella.

This type of industrial melanism has only affected such moths as obtain protection from insect-eating birds by resting on trees where they are concealed by an accurate resemblance to their background ( over 100 species of moth in Britain with melanic forms were known by 1980 ).

Their deep flowers attract large Lepidoptera-especially Sphingidae such as the pink-spotted hawk moth ( Agrius cingulata )-or even hummingbirds.

Picris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as the grass moth Diasemia reticularis.

Some may even belong to more ancient moth lineages, such as the Alucitoidea or Pterophoroidea.

Although the need for outside trained manpower exists in every newly developing nation, the readiness to receive such manpower, or to receive it from the United States will vary from country to country.

With respect to positions not covered by subparagraph ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) of this paragraph, any individual may be referred to a place of employment in which a labor dispute exists, provided he is given written notice of such dispute prior to or at the time of his referral.

Employer representatives have contended that the Secretary has gone beyond his authority by such a prohibition, on the grounds that the Wagner-Peyser Act requires only written notice to the prospective worker that a dispute exists.

More explicitly, it is stating that for every indexed family of nonempty sets there exists an indexed family of elements such that for every.

Statements such as the Banach – Tarski paradox can be rephrased as conditional statements, for example, " If AC holds, the decomposition in the Banach – Tarski paradox exists.

* There exists a model of ZF ¬ C in which there is a function f from the real numbers to the real numbers such that f is not continuous at a, but f is sequentially continuous at a, i. e., for any sequence

It can be proved that such a function exists.

It can be proved that such an area function actually exists.

A cappella exists in Japan, with groups such as the Gospellers performing.

Peter Schneider calls such objections untenable on the grounds that if a non-sensory, non-physical realm exists, then according to Steiner the experiences of pure thinking possible within the normal realm of consciousness would already be experiences of that, and it would be impossible to exclude the possibility of empirically grounded experiences of other supersensory content.

If F is an antiderivative of f, and the function f is defined on some interval, then every other antiderivative G of f differs from F by a constant: there exists a number C such that G ( x ) = F ( x ) + C for all x.

; Identity element: There exists an element e in A, such that for all elements a in A, the equation holds.

; Inverse element: For each a in A, there exists an element b in A such that a • b

there exists a positive integer n such that

Considerable confusion exists about the meanings of the SI ( or metric ) prefixes used with the unit byte, especially concerning prefixes such as kilo ( k or K ) and mega ( M ) as shown in the chart Prefixes for bit and byte.

Precisely stated, a function is binary if there exists sets such that

Conversely, a subset R defines a binary function if and only if, for any x in X and y in Y, there exists a unique z in Z such that ( x, y, z ) belongs to R.

A language L is in BQP if and only if there exists a polynomial-time uniform family of quantum circuits, such that

A variety of verbal and non-verbal means of communicating exists such as body language, eye contact, sign language, haptic communication, chronemics, and media such as pictures, graphics, sound, and writing.

Collectivism is a basic cultural element that exists as the reverse of individualism in human nature ( in the same way high context culture exists as the reverse of low context culture ), and stresses the priority of group goals over individual goals and the importance of cohesion within social groups ( such as an " in-group ", in what specific context it is defined ).

However, no such text exists, apart from some informal popular lectures by Bohr and Heisenberg, which contradict each other on several important issues.

:* Identity: For every object x, there exists a morphism called the identity morphism for x, such that for every morphism, we have.

* isomorphism if there exists a morphism such that.