The 16th-century Italian historian Onofrio Panvinio, commenting on one of Bartolomeo Platina's works that refer to Pope Joan, theorized that the story of Pope Joan may have originated from tales of Pope John XII ; John reportedly had many mistresses, including one called Joan, who was very influential in Rome during his pontificate.

Bartolomé de Las Casas a 16th-century Dominican friar and Spanish historian participated in campaigns in Cuba ( at Bayamo and Camagüey ) and was present at the massacre of Hatuey ; his observation of that massacre led him to fight for a social movement away from the use of natives as slaves and towards the importation of African Blacks as slaves.

According to Mavro Orbin, 16th-century Ragusan historian, the family name of Pribac and Lazar was Hrebeljanović.

His nephew, Lodovico Guicciardini, was also a historian known for his 16th-century works on the Low Countries.

Commentators often used the terms Flemish and Netherlandish ( that is, " of the Low Countries ") interchangeably: to 16th-century Italian painter and historian Giorgio Vasari, all northern painters were " fiamminghi ", or " Flemmings ".

Hieronymus Wolf was a 16th-century German historian.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

For many centuries, the Historia was accepted at face value, and much of its material was incorporated into Holinshed's 16th-century Chronicles.

The Truthful History of the Conquest of New Spain ( Spanish: Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España ) is the first-person narrative of Bernal Díaz del Castillo ( 1492 – 1581 ), the 16th-century military adventurer, conquistador, and colonist settler, who served in three Mexican expeditions ; that of Francisco Hernández de Córdoba ( 1517 ) to the Yucatán peninsula ; the expedition of Juan de Grijalva ( 1518 ), and the expedition of Hernán Cortés ( 1519 ) in the Valley of Mexico ; the history relates his participation in the fall of Emperor Moctezuma II, and the subsequent defeat of the Aztec empire.

The first authoritative knowledge of the earliest ballroom dances was recorded toward the end of the 16th century, when Jehan Tabourot, under the pen name " Thoinot-Arbeau ", published in 1588 his Orchésographie, a study of late 16th-century French renaissance social dance.

The sampy were dispersed to the sacred villages where they had originated under 16th-century Merina king Ralambo and other early monarchs.

The Recollect branch of the Friars Minor developed out of a reform movement of the Order which began in 16th-century Spain under figures such as Peter of Alcantara, where the followers of the reform were known as Alcantarines.

Apart from the keep the main structures surviving in the castle consist of the following: an early 14th century three towered fore work defending the keep entrance and including stables within it and which was accessed by a stone causeway crossing the partly in filled ditch of the earlier ringwork ; a huge late 13th-century three aisled great hall with an under croft beneath its east end opening via a water gate to the river ; a stout defensive tower turned into a solar in the late 13th century at the northern angle of the castle ; a smaller aisled hall added to the east end of the great hall in the 14th or 15th century ; a building ( possibly the mint ) added to the east end of the latter hall ; two 15th-or 16th-century stone buildings added inside the town gatehouse, 17th-century buildings added to the end of the hall range and to the north side of the keep and a series of lime kilns, one dating from the late 12th century the remainder from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

In 2011, Venetian developers reopened the lodgings of a prominent 16th-century mansion as long-term rentals under the name " Villa F ", and an even older structure, the 15th-century palace Il Salviatino, was converted to a 45-room hotel featuring a four-story penthouse suite in its medieval tower.

Kemp prepared a design in the space of five days, and submitted it under the pseudonym " John Morvo ", the name of a 16th-century master mason who worked on Melrose Abbey.

Moyode Castle is another tall 16th-century fortified tower house of the Dolphin family, which went to the Persse family.

Its numerous 16th-century fortified churches still bear witness today.

* Bretby Castle, Derbyshire, England, a 16th-century fortified manor, is partially excavated.

The 16th-century painting Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, traditionally but perhaps erroneously attributed to Pieter Bruegel the Elder, was the inspiration for two of the 20th century's most notable ecphrastic English-language poems, " Musée des Beaux Arts " by W. H.

In 16th-century Verapaz, the entrance to Xibalba was traditionally held to be a cave in the vicinity of Cobán, Guatemala.

The first four films are historical dramas set, respectively, in the time of Christ, the U. S. Civil War, 16th-century Spain, and the late 19th-century South — the latter a fictionalized treatment of the life of Methodist evangelist, Robert Sayers Sheffey.

The Latinized name " Confucius " is derived from " Kong Fuzi ", which was first coined by 16th-century Jesuit missionaries to China, most probably by Matteo Ricci.

The major authority on the lower Po was the Magistrato alle Acque di Venezia, first formed in the 16th-century Republic of Venice.

Myles Coverdale ( also spelt Miles Coverdale ) ( c. 1488 – 20 January 1569 ) was a 16th-century Bible translator who produced the first complete printed translation of the Bible into English.

Though it has since been gradually changed, the front ( east ) range is still much as it appeared when first erected in the 16th-century.

" He completely painted over 16th-century Cordoba leather wall coverings first brought to Britain by Catherine of Aragon that Leyland had paid £ 1, 000 for.

Roanoke Island was the site of the 16th-century Roanoke Colony, the first English colony in the New World.

Next to the pump stands the Coach & Horses public house, first licensed for the sale of alcohol in 1759 but of 16th-century origin.

Apart from copying Chinese porcelain in faience ( tin glazed earthenware ), the soft-paste Medici porcelain in 16th-century Florence was the first real European attempt to reproduce it, with little success.

Rowse's early works focus on 16th-century England and his first full-length historical monograph, Sir Richard Grenville of the Revenge ( 1937 ), was a biography of a 16th-century sailor.

The 16th-century astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to present to the world a detailed and eventually widely accepted mathematical model supporting the premise that the Earth is moving and the Sun actually stays still, despite the impression from our point of view of a moving Sun.

The first pictorial representation of the familiar memento mori theme that was popularized in 16th-century Venice, now made more concrete and vivid by the inscription, is Guercino's version, painted between 1618 and 1622 ( in the Galleria Nazionale d ' Arte Antica, Rome ), in which the inscription gains force from the prominent presence of a skull in the foreground, beneath which the words are carved.

Some 16th-century lute tablatures have been reconstructed into authentic instrumental arrangements, however, the first major source of information comes from 19th-century collections of folk songs, and work done by musicologist Hanny Christen.

The first three books of the latter probably received their present shape from João Lobeira, a troubadour of the end of the 13th century, though this original has been lost and only a 16th-century Spanish version remains.

Although the first U. S. reference to panini dates to 1956, and a precursor appeared in a 16th-century Italian cookbook, the sandwiches became trendy in Milanese bars, called paninoteche, in the 1970s and 1980s.

16th-century Lurianic doctrine was the first time that Kabbalah focused on gilgul, because it forms the microcosmic parallel to the Cosmic Divine rectification taught by Luria.

In the first complete systemisation of Kabbalah, in the 16th-century rational synthesis of Moshe Cordovero ( Cordoveran Kabbalah ), the Sephirot are listed from highest to lowest:

While Teodor Kasparek was serving in Piłsudski's Legions, his son Józef spent his first years at Żurawno, on the Dniester River, birthplace of one of the 16th-century founders of Polish literature, Mikołaj Rej.

Although the term " planter " to refer to a settler first appears as early as the 16th-century, the earliest true colonial plantation is usually agreed to be that of the Plantations of Ireland.

Its Mediterranean habitat, elegant details of leaf and habit and dramatic show of fruit with flowers made Arbutus unedo notable in Classical Antiquity, when Pliny thought it should not be planted where bees are kept, for the bitterness it imparts to honey, but the first signs of its importation into northern European gardens was to England from 16th-century Ireland rather than from the Mediterranean basin ; in 1586 a correspondent in Ireland sent plants to the Elizabethan courtiers Lord Leicester and Sir Francis Walsingham.

' Scheduled ' listed buildings include the St. John's Guildhall of 1681, and the carefully restored Foresters Cottages, Chantry House with its 15th-century window, the 16th-century town house ( now a local museum ), the Maltings ( now converted into flats ), and a small brick house which was first built in 1681 as a school by the Merchant Taylors.

The Jesuits founded Buffalo's first Catholic college and named it after St. Peter Canisius, a 16th-century Jesuit theologian, scholar, evangelist and educator.