The Great Powers, defined in the 1815 Congress of Vienna as the United Kingdom, Habsburg Austria, Prussia, France, and Russia, would frequently coordinate interventions in other nations ' civil wars, nearly always on the side of the incumbent government.

It was regarded as a Protestant custom by the Roman Catholic majority along the lower Rhine, and was spread there only by Prussian officials who were moved there in the wake of the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

Hopes for the Enlightenment, human rights, republican government, democracy, and freedom after Napoleon I's defeat in 1815 were dashed, however, when the Congress of Vienna reinstated many monarchies.

On 26 February 1815, Napoleon abandoned Elba for France, reviving the French Empire for a Hundred Days ; the Allies declared an end to Napoleon's sovereignty over Elba on 25 March 1815, and on 31 March 1815 Elba was ceded to the restored Grand Duchy of Tuscany by the Congress of Vienna.

The German Confederation, a loose association of Central European states was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire.

The German Confederation was created by an act of the Congress of Vienna on 8 June 1815 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, after being alluded to in Article 6 of the 1814 Treaty of Paris.

Others were created as sovereign states after the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

However, following the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Greater Poland was again partitioned, with the western part ( including Poznań ) going to Prussia.

The " long nineteenth century ", from 1789 to 1914 sees the drastic social, political and economic changes initiated by the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, and following the reorganisation of the political map of Europe at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the rise of Nationalism, the rise of the Russian Empire and the peak of the British Empire, paralleled by the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

In 1815 at the Congress of Vienna, the major powers of Europe managed to produce a peaceful balance of power among the empires after the Napoleonic wars ( despite the occurrence of internal revolutionary movements ) under the Metternich system.

Napoleon transformed the Italian principality of Elba, where he was imprisoned, into a miniature version of his First Empire, with most trappings of a sovereign monarchy, until his Cent Jours escape and reseizure of power in France convinced his opponents, reconvening the Vienna Congress in 1815, to revoke his gratuitous privileges and send him to die in exile on barren Saint Helena.

The Vienna Congress of 1815 confirmed Hamburg's independence and it became one of 39 sovereign states of the German Confederation ( 1815 – 66 ).

After Russia and its allies defeated Napoleon, Alexander became known as the ' savior of Europe ,' and he presided over the redrawing of the map of Europe at the Congress of Vienna ( 1815 ), which made Alexander the monarch of Congress Poland.

The Congress of Vienna in 1815 elevated the electorate to the Kingdom of Hanover.

* John Salmon Ford ( 1815 – 1897 ), American political figure in Texas ; best known as " Rip " Ford ; served in state Congress and Senate ; veteran of Mexican War and Civil War

* 1815 – End of the Congress of Vienna: the new European political situation is set.

In 1814 he was sent to Paris to demand restitution of the books carried off by the French, and in 1814 – 1815 he attended the Congress of Vienna as secretary of legation.

Under the Continental System, the bank went into bankruptcy and from 1811 to 1813 Lübeck was formally annexed as part of France until the Vienna Congress of 1815.

Luxembourg remained more or less under French rule until the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, when the Congress of Vienna gave formal autonomy to Luxembourg.

Rivalries among European powers enabled the Arab-Berber population, the Maures ( Moors ), to maintain their independence and later to exact annual payments from France, whose sovereignty over the Senegal River and the Mauritanian coast was recognized by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

French control of Guadeloupe was definitively acknowledged in the Treaty of Vienna in 1815.

* 1815: Following the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo the Treaty of Vienna is signed.

After the fall of Napoleon, Europe's statesmen convened in Vienna in 1815 for the reorganisation of European affairs, under the leadership of the Austrian Prince Metternich.

The Vienna Conference in 1815 confirmed this authority by creating the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

* Irmenstrasse und Irmensäule ( Vienna, 1815 )

The Serbian revolution ( 1804 – 1815 ) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question.

The years 1815 – 1825 marked significant growth in Morse ’ s paintings, as he sought to capture the essence of America ’ s culture and life.

The first part of the period, from 1804 to 1815, was marked by a violent struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire, with two armed uprisings taking place.

When in 1815 Logan returned to attempt to find the spot that he had marked in 1801, the two men met.

Recorded March, 1815, the debt was marked " not paid, 20th January, 1816 ".

The Hundred Days, sometimes known as the Hundred Days of Napoleon or Napoleon's Hundred Days for specificity, marked the period between Emperor Napoleon I of France's return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 ( a period of 111 days ).

" Stella painting a Madonna on his Prison Wall ," 1810 ( Leuchtenberg collection ); " Sodoma a l ' hôpital ," 1815 ( Louvre ); " Basilique basse de St François d ' Assise ," 1823 ( Louvre ); " Rachat de prisonniers ," 1831 ( Louvre ); " Mort de Poussin ," 1834 ( Villa Demidoff, Florence ), are among his principal works ; all are marked by the same peculiarities, everything is sacrificed to tone.

At the Congress of Vienna in 1814 and 1815, the left-bank Palatinate — enlarged by other territories such as the former Bishopric of Speyer and the free imperial city of Speyer — was returned to the Wittelsbachs and became a formal part of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816 in exchange for Tirol, which Bavaria ceded to Austria.

It did not end the war — that required formal ratification by their governments, which came in February 1815.

After the Congress of Vienna created the formal German Confederation in 1815, a Federal Assembly convened at the Free City of Frankfurt, representing not the people of the individual German Lands but their sovereigns.

* Third Alto Perú campaign ( 1815 ): The Northern Army, unofficially commanded by José Rondeau, started another campaign, but this time without the formal authorization of Supreme Director Álvarez Thomas.

Boves's locally-raised Llanero army was replaced in 1815 by a formal expedition sent from Spain under the leadership of Pablo Morillo.

The later period ( 1815 – 1835 ) witnessed a peaceful consolidation of political power of the newly autonomous Serbia, culminating in the recognition of the right to hereditary rule by Serbian princes in 1830 and 1833 and the adoption of the first written constitution in 1835.

In 1815, at the same time as Leiden and Utrecht, the University gained recognition as a national college of higher education, but this was followed by discussions about closure.

In recognition of this, the Riksdag of 1815 instituted that the Crown Prince and his heirs would receive an annual installment of 300, 000 Riksdaler, which was to be paid out in perpetuity.

It was presented to William II of the Netherlands in 1815 in recognition of his services at the Battle of Waterloo.

In recognition of this service, in 1815 he was made a Knight Commander of the Bath and then a vice admiral on 10 July 1821.

The title was created by King William I of the Netherlands for Field Marshal The 1st Duke of Wellington as a victory title in recognition of defeating Emperor Napoléon I of the French at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.