With the revision of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV, only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals.

The work having been begun by Pius X, it was sometimes called the " Pio-Benedictine Code " but more often the 1917 Code.

Cover of the 1917 Code of Canon Law

Pope John XXIII initially called for a Synod of the Diocese of Rome, an Ecumenical Council, and an updating to the 1917 Code.

A reorganization, ordered by Pope Pius X, was incorporated into the Code of Canon Law ( promulgated 1917 ).

Paul IV's 1559 bull, Cum ex apostolatus officio, stipulated that a heretic cannot be elected pope, while Canon 188. 4 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law provides that a cleric who publicly defects from the Catholic faith automatically loses any office he had held in the Church.

* Critics of sedevacantism argue that this also means that the theory advanced by the seventeenth-century theologian and Doctor of the Church Robert Bellarmine that a pope who fell into heresy would automatically forfeit his office and could be formally deposed has been overruled by Church authority by Benedict XIV in " De Synodo Dioecesano " ( 10, 1, 5 ) and by the 1917 Code of Canon Law, Can.

* The Moral Code ( 1917 )

The 1917 Code of Canon Law, which abolished all ecclesiastical penalties not mentioned in the Code itself ( canon 6 ), made " anathema " synonymous with " excommunication " ( canon 2257 ).

The wearing of a headcovering was for the first time mandated as a universal rule for the Latin Rite by the Code of Canon Law of 1917, abrogated by the 1983 Code of Canon Law.

In common parlance, all members of male religious institutes are often termed " monks " and those of female religious institutes " nuns ", although in a more restricted sense, a monk is one who lives in a monastery under a monastic rule such as that of Saint Benedict and the term " nun " was in the 1917 Code of Canon Law officially reserved for members of a women's religious institute of solemn vows, and is sometimes applied only to those who devote themselves wholly to the contemplative life and belong to one of the enclosed religious orders living and working within the confines of a monastery and reciting the Liturgy of the Hours in community.

Failing to maintain tonsure was the equivalent of attempting to abandon one's clerical state, and in the 1917 Code of Canon Law, any cleric in minor orders ( or simply tonsured ) who did not resume the tonsure within a month after being warned by his Ordinary, lost the clerical state.

Before the Second Vatican Council, the main stress was laid on this second aspect, as exemplified in canon 1258 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law:

Under the 1917 Code of Canon Law, a metropolitan had to receive the pallium before exercising his office in his ecclesiastical province, even if he was previously metropolitan elsewhere, but these restrictions were absent in the revised 1983 Code of Canon Law.

Benedict issued in 1917 the first ever Code of Canon Law of the Roman Catholic Church, the creation of which he had prepared with Pietro Gasparri and Eugenio Pacelli during the pontificate of Pius X.

In 1917 Benedict XV promulgated the Church's first Code of Canon Law, the preparation of which had been commissioned by Pope St. Pius X, and which is thus known as the Pio-Benedictine Code.

The Rosenbergs were convicted on March 29, 1951, and on April 5 were sentenced to death by Judge Irving Kaufman under Section 2 of the Espionage Act of 1917, 50 U. S. Code 32 ( now 18 U. S. Code 794 ), which prohibits transmitting or attempting to transmit to a foreign government information " relating to the national defense.

canon 132 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law ).

The 1917 Code of Canon Law, while recommending that Confirmation be delayed until about seven years of age, allowed it be given at an earlier age.

On the canonical age for confirmation in the Latin or Western Catholic Church, the present ( 1983 ) Code of Canon Law, which maintains unaltered the rule in the 1917 Code, lays down that the sacrament is to be conferred on the faithful at about the age of discretion ( generally taken to be about 7 ), unless the Episcopal Conference has decided on a different age, or there is a danger of death or, in the judgement of the minister, a grave reason suggests otherwise ( canon 891 of the Code of Canon Law ).

Normally it would have ceased to have effect with the entry into force of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, which replaced the 1917 Code on which the 1962 document was based, but it continued in use, with some necessary adaptations, while a review of it was carried out.

Quoting canon 2368 § 1 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law, then in force, Crimen sollicitationis, 61 indicated the penalties that could be imposed after conviction.

However, although the decrees of the Second Council of the Lateran might still be interpreted in the older sense of prohibiting marriage only after ordination, they came to be understood as absolute prohibitions, and, while the fact of being married was formally made a canonical impediment to ordination only with the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the prohibition of marriage for all clerics in major orders began to be taken simply for granted.

The Roman Catholic Church currently recognizes ten holy days, established in the 1917 Code of Canon Law.

* The Law of the Land ( 1917 )

He obtained a law degree from George Washington University Law School in 1916, and an LL. M., a Master of Laws degree, in 1917 from the same university.

Hammerstein attended Columbia University ( 1912 – 16 ) and studied at Columbia Law School until 1917.

The War Policy Committee, which included Lloyd George, Milner, Curzon, Jan Smuts, Law, and the government's chief military adviser General Robertson, was also formed and first met on 11 June 1917.

* Vern Countryman, commercial law expert, particularly bankruptcy, and strong supporter of debtor rights and Harvard Law School professor, was born here May 13, 1917.

During 1914 he toured with Miss Darragh ( Letitia Marion Dallas, d. 1917 ) in Laurence Irving's play The Unwritten Law, and he appeared at the Old Vic in 1914 as Malcolm in Macbeth, Tranio in The Taming of the Shrew, and the gravedigger in Hamlet, among many other roles.

While there is much evidence of her having been raised in Montreal, in an alleged sworn deposition on October 8, 1917, a New York woman named Marie C. Russ did claim to be Florence's biological mother and referred to a Russ family burial plot in Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery, with lot number 17187 being reserved for Florence Russ, aka Florence La Badie.

The 1917 Code of Canon Law reserved the name " religious order " for institutes in which the vows were solemn, and used the term " religious congregation " or simply " congregation " for institutes with simple vows.

In 1917 the numbers from 1 through 100 were reserved for the Regular Army, from 101 through 300 for the National Guard, and 301 and above for the National Army.

The 1917 Code of Canon Law reserved the name " religious order " for institutes in which the vows were solemn, and used the term " religious congregation " or simply " congregation " for those with simple vows.

From 1907 on, English language articles sometimes used the term " Maximalist " for " Bolshevik " and " Minimalist " for " Menshevik ", which proved confusing since there was also a " Maximalist " faction within the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1904 – 1906 ( which after 1906 formed a separate Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists ) and then again after 1917.

* Edgar Degas ( a realist who despised the term Impressionist, but is considered one, due to his loyalty to the group ) ( 1834 – 1917 )

Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī, née Nehru ; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984 ) was an Indian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms ( 1966 – 77 ) and a fourth term ( 1980 – 84 ).

His term of office in 1917 saw Britain brought within danger of starvation by German unrestricted U-Boat warfare.

In 1917, Rudolf Pannwitz used the term to describe a philosophically-oriented culture.

The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

In the first edition of the English Pronouncing Dictionary ( 1917 ) he named the accent " Public School Pronunciation ", but for the second edition in 1926 he wrote " In what follows I call it Received Pronunciation ( abbreviation RP ), for want of a better term.

During his term in office, Wilson gave a well-known Flag Day speech that fueled the wave of anti-German sentiment sweeping the country in 1917 – 18.

* The Russian Revolution ( 1917 ) is the collective term for the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

He was convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 and sentenced to a term of 10 years.

The first use of the term recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary was by philosopher and social theorist Alain Locke in 1924 to describe Robert Lowie's " extreme cultural relativism ", found in the latter's 1917 book Culture and Ethnology.

The term was coined by the naturalist Joseph Grinnell in 1917, in his paper " The niche relationships of the California Thrasher.

The term “ defamiliarization ” was first coined in 1917 by Viktor Shklovsky ( also spelled Shklovskij ) in his essay “ Art as Device ” ( alternate translation: “ Art as Technique ”) ( Crawford 209 ).

The Nineteenth Amendment ( which gave women the right to vote everywhere in the United States ) was not ratified until 1920 ; therefore, during Rankin's term in the 65th Congress ( 1917 – 1919 ), many women throughout the country did not have the right to vote, though they did in her home state of Montana.

A number of factors contributed to the downfall of the Tsarist regime in the spring of 1917, both short and longer term.

Kwame Nkrumah, president of Ghana ( 1960 – 66 ), coined the term neo-colonialism in the book Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism ( 1965 ) As a political scientist, Nkrumah theoretically developed and extended, to the post – War 20th century, the socio-economic and political arguments presented by Lenin in the pamphlet Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism ( 1917 ), about 19th-century imperialism as the logical extension of geopolitical power to meet the financial investment needs of the political economy of capitalism.

For example, in the British sitcom Blackadder Goes Forth, set in 1917 ( 27 years before the word was first used ), the character General Melchett declares that he likes the term and orders his batman to take note of it because he wants to " use it more often in conversation ".

* from " the Army slang term " umpty " used in 1917 for the dash when reading Morse code " ( however, the station name was in use in 1910 )

* Jerry Wexler ( 1917 – 2008 ), music producer who coined the term " Rhythm and blues ".

Thomas starred in a similar role in 1917, though it was not until The Flapper that the term was used.

Historically the term guberniya () was used for the län / lääni in the Grand Duchy of Finland as a part of Russia from 1809 to 1917.

After Yuan died, the National Assembly reconvened on 1 August 1916 under the pretext that its three-year term had been suspended and had not expired, but President Li Yuanhong was forced to disband it due to the Manchu Restoration on 13 June 1917.