Before losing itself in the sands of the 19th Century, the grand stream of Italian Renaissance architectural decoration made a last appearance in the Brumidi frescos of the Capitol Rotunda in Washington.

At last the White House is going to get some much-copied furniture by that master American craftsman, Duncan Phyfe, whose designs were snubbed in his lifetime when the U. S. Presidents of the 19th Century sent abroad for their furnishings.

In 45 minutes, the Gallery leaders had given the students a quick rundown on art from the Renaissance to the late 19th Century.

* 19th Century Anatomy Lesson Animated dissection following Gray's Anatomy

The Hamidian Massacre of the 19th Century further greatly reduced numbers.

An important 19th Century American chef was Charles Ranhofer of Delmonico's Restaurant in New York City.

( 1990 ) " Brass and Zinc in Europe from the Middle Ages until the 19th Century " in Craddock, P. T.

* British Raj, rule of India in the late 19th Century and early 20th Century

File: Women on bicycles, late 19th Century USA. jpg | Women on bicycles on unpaved road, USA, late 19th Century

It was to be the basis of claims in the 19th Century that vestments such as chasubles, albs, and stoles were legal.

It is primarily based on the Civil code of 1855, derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by European law of the last half of the 19th Century.

Under Wudi, the works of Confucius were made the official imperial philosophy and required reading for civil service examinations in 140 BC which was continued nearly unbroken until the end of the 19th Century.

This was partially a continuation of the condemnations of Confucianism by intellectuals and activists in the early 20th Century as a cause of the ethnocentric close-mindedness and refusal of the Qing Dynasty to modernize that led to the tragedies that befell China in the 19th Century.

The history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) is typically divided into three broad time periods: ( 1 ) the early history during the lifetime of Joseph Smith, Jr. which is in common with all Latter Day Saint movement churches, ( 2 ) a " pioneer era " under the leadership of Brigham Young and his 19th Century successors, and ( 3 ) a modern era beginning around the turn of the 20th century as the practice of polygamy was discontinued.

By the 19th Century, this body of legislation included some 10, 000 norms.

* Eitner, Lorenz, An Outline of 19th Century European Painting: From David through Cézanne ( 1992 ), HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 0-06-430223-7

This version of " critical " theory derives from Kant's ( 18th-century ) and Marx's ( 19th Century ) use of the term " critique ", as in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Marx's concept that his work Das Kapital ( Capital ) forms a " critique of political economy.

In the 19th Century, the Tsarist Government of Russia claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language in its own right.

Ivory Dominoes were routinely used in 19th century rural England in the settling of disputes over traditional grazing boundaries, and were commonly referred to as " bonesticks " ( see Hartley, Land Law in West Lancashire in the mid-19th Century, Farm Gazette, March 1984 ).

Still, even in the 19th Century, the term " Dictator " did not always have negative connotations.

The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks.

Many industries, notably textiles, firearms, clocks and watches, buttons, horse-drawn vehicles, railroad cars and locomotives, sewing machines, and bicycles, saw expeditious improvement in materials handling, machining, and assembly during the 19th century, although modern concepts such as industrial engineering and logistics had not yet been named.

As VanSlyck ( 1991 ) showed, the last years of the 19th century saw acceptance of the idea that free libraries should be available to the American public.

Armoured trains saw use during the 19th century in the American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), the Franco-Prussian War ( 1870 – 1871 ), the First and Second Boer Wars ( 1880 – 81 and 1899 – 1902 ), the First ( 1914 – 1918 ) and Second World Wars ( 1939 – 1945 ) and the First Indochina War ( 1946 – 1954 ).

While the roots of formalised logic go back to Aristotele, the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries saw the development of modern logic and formalised mathematics.

A railway station on Brighton Road ( on the Birmingham to Bristol line ) led to further expansion, and the end of the 19th century saw a proliferation of high-density small terraced houses.

Cretin became a medical term in the 18th century, from an Alpine French dialect prevalent in a region where persons with such a condition were especially common ( see below ); it saw wide medical use in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and then spread more widely in popular English as a markedly derogatory term for a person who behaves stupidly.

The opening of Korea to foreign Christian missionary activity in the late 19th century saw some improvement in the status of the baekjeong ; However, everyone was not equal under the Christian congregation, and protests erupted when missionaries attempted to integrate them into worship services, with non-baekjeong finding such an attempt insensitive to traditional notions of hierarchical advantage.

The remainder of the 19th century saw greater European involvement in Afghanistan and her surrounding territories and heightened conflict among the ambitious local rulers as Afghanistan's fate played out globally.

The early years of the 19th century saw a flowering of encyclopedia publishing in the United Kingdom, Europe and America.

During the 19th and early 20th century, many smaller or less developed languages saw their first encyclopedias, using French, German, and English role models.

The large-scale housing developments of the 20th century saw residential areas being built on former agricultural lands and woods, former heaths that had been turned into cultivable lands in the 19th century.

The start of the 19th century saw an increase in missionary work and many of the major missionary societies were founded around this time ( see Timeline of Christian missions ).

The late 19th century saw increasing support for the home rule / independence movement, though not all people supported it.

The 19th century also saw the British Empire emerge as the world's first global power due in a large part to the Industrial Revolution and victory in the Napoleonic Wars.

The end of the 18th and the start of the 19th centuries saw turmoil unleashed throughout Europe by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, which led to French occupation of much of the continent, including Spain.

The 19th century saw development in groundwater hydrology, including Darcy's law, the Dupuit-Thiem well formula, and Hagen-Poiseuille's capillary flow equation.

The 19th century saw a dramatic increase in knowledge about other cultures and religions, and also the establishment of economic and social histories of progress.

The 19th and 20th centuries saw further standardization of the language, and differences between the mutually comprehensible dialects gradually lessened.

It saw some actions during the 19th century Anglo-Afghan wars.

Beginning with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries saw the growth of the concept of the sovereign " nation-state ", which consisted of a nation controlled by a centralized system of government.

The end of the 19th century saw the dismemberment of most of the Muslim Ottoman Empire by non-Muslim European colonial powers.

The remainder of the 19th century saw a relative period of stability, as Islamic, Druze and Maronite groups focused on economic and cultural development which saw the founding of the American University of Beirut and a flowering of literary and political activity associated with the attempts to liberalize the Ottoman Empire.

After surviving a period of financial uncertainties, the institute saw significant expansion in the last two decades of the 19th century under President Francis Amasa Walker.