Sturdy and strong after more than a century of continuous use, the old covered, wooden bridge that spans the Tygartis Valley River at Philippi will have a distinctive part in the week-long observance of the first land battle of the Civil War at its home site, May 28th to June 3rd.

In Hellenistic times, especially during the 3rd century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, Titan god of the sun, and his sister Artemis similarly equated with Selene, Titan goddess of the moon.

Apollo and Helios / Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts until the 3rd century CE.

In the 2nd and 3rd century CE, those at Didyma and Clarus pronounced the so-called " theological oracles ", in which Apollo confirms that all deities are aspects or servants of an all-encompassing, highest deity.

" In the 3rd century, Apollo fell silent.

The conventions of this representation, head tilted, lips slightly parted, large-eyed, curling hair cut in locks grazing the neck, were developed in the 3rd century BCE to depict Alexander the Great.

The Kingdom of Pontus was independent from the 3rd century BC, until the middle of the 1st century BC.

Similarly, around the 3rd century BC, the Brāhmī script developed ( from the Aramaic abjad, it has been hypothesized ).

* Menippus ( 3rd century BC )

* Gotama ( c. 2nd – 3rd century CE ), wrote Jaimini, author of Purva Mimamsa Sutras.

* Sextus Empiricus ( 3rd century AD )

* Alexander of Aphrodisias ( 3rd century AD )

* Ammonius Saccas ( 3rd century AD )

Controversy over Arianism arose in the late 3rd century and persisted throughout most of the 4th century.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Area settled by the Alemanni, and sites of Roman-Alamannic battles, 3rd to 6th century

* Domitius Ulpianus, otherwise known as Ulpian, jurist of the 3rd century

* The 3rd century emperor Aurelian ( Lucius Domitius Aurelianus ), was also a distant relative of the Ahenobarbus family

Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as a spoken language somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC ( the exact dating being a matter of debate ), but Sumerian continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia until the 1st century AD.

The poetic works of Alcaeus were collected into ten books, with elaborate commentaries, by the Alexandrian scholars Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace sometime in the 3rd century BC, and yet his verses today exist only in fragmentary form, varying in size from mere phrases, such as wine, window into a man ( fr. 333 ) to entire groups of verses and stanzas, such as those quoted below ( fr. 346 ).

This hypothesis of the contents of the Mouseion, originally suggested by Nietzsche ( Rheinisches Museum 25 ( 1870 ) & 28 ( 1873 )), appears to have been confirmed by three papyrus finds – one 3rd century BC ( Flinders Petrie Papyri, ed.

), one 2nd century BC ( Basil Mandilaras, ' A new papyrus fragment of the Certamen Homeri et Hesiodi Platon 42 ( 1990 ) 45 – 51 ) and one 2nd or 3rd century AD ( University of Michigan pap.

While John the Baptist's use of a deep river for his baptism suggests immersion, pictorial and archaeological evidence of Christian baptism from the 3rd century onward indicates that a normal form was to have the candidate stand in water while water was poured over the upper body.

The earliest evidence, anywhere in the world, for a crank and connecting rod in a machine appears in the late Roman Hierapolis sawmill from the 3rd century AD and two Roman stone sawmills at Gerasa, Roman Syria, and Ephesus, Asia Minor ( both 6th century AD ).

Archaeological evidence for Christian communities begins to appear in the 3rd and 4th centuries.

The Romans achieved the heavy wheeled mouldboard plough in the late 3rd and 4th century AD, when archaeological evidence appears, inter alia, in Roman Britain.

This is supported by evidence that geographic descriptors were commonly used to distinguish people living north of the Black Sea both before and after Gothic settlement there, by evidence of forest-related names among the Tervingi, and by the lack of evidence for an earlier date for the name pair Tervingi – Greuthungi than the late 3rd century.

Although the first tantric Buddhist texts appeared in India in the 3rd century and continued to appear until the 12th century, scholars such as Hirakawa Akira believe that the Vajrayana probably came into existence in the 6th or 7th century, while the term Vajrayana first came into evidence in the 8th century.

There is some evidence that Roman emperors in the 2nd and 3rd centuries did permit them to visit the city to worship on the Mount of Olives and sometimes on the Temple Mount itself.

In the 3rd century AD there is evidence of the belief in an all-powerful Nemesis-Fortuna.

In Roman times, the river level was significantly lower, and work by MOLAS in 1997 around Summerton Way found evidence of field ditches and pottery and quernstones from Germany dating from around the 3rd or 4th century.

The earliest evidence of a water-driven wheel is probably the Perachora wheel ( 3rd c. BC ), in Greece.

This development was not sustained and evidence indicates that from the 3rd century onwards the area beyond St. Mary's was given over to cemeteries.

Early evidence of dyeing comes from India where a piece of cotton dyed with madder has been recovered from the archaeological site at Mohenjo-daro ( 3rd millennium BCE ).

There is evidence that a tzompantli-like structure has been excavated from the Proto-Classic Zapotec civilization at the La Coyotera, Oaxaca, site, dated from c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE.

As evidence of this, they point to the widely acknowledged synthesis of Christianity with Platonic philosophy evident in Trinitarian formulas appearing by the end of the 3rd century.

The earliest historical evidence of Christianity among the native Britons is found in the writings of such early Christian Fathers as Tertullian and Origen in the first years of the 3rd century, although the first Christian communities probably were established some decades earlier.

The knotted pile carpet probably originated in the 3rd or 2nd millennium BC in West Asia, perhaps the Caspian Sea area or the Armenian Highland, although there is evidence of goats and sheep being sheared for wool and hair which was spun and woven as far back at the 7th millennium.

The earliest evidence of a crank and connecting rod mechanism dates to the 3rd century AD Hierapolis sawmill in the Roman Empire.

There is a stone age barrow in the town, and evidence of Roman settlement in the 2nd and 3rd centuries ; however the town was established by the Saxons.

He added: " There is photographic evidence to prove that Elvis was here on March 3rd 1960, however we are not aware of any photographs of this alleged visit to London, while the timing of it also seems a bit vague.

The earliest evidence of a settlement in Altdorf are several La Tène era bronze ax-heads and iron tools from the 3rd century BC.

There is evidence of Christian burials and rituals having taken place in the general vicinity of the Grotto, dating back to the 3rd century CE.

By the 3rd century, there is evidence that some early Christians accepted this Jewish Enochic pseudepigraphy and the application of the angelic descent myth to the " sons of God " passage in, Its presence not only in the East but also in the Latin-speaking West is attested by the polemic of Augustine of Hippo ( 354 – 430 ) against the motif of giants born of the union between fallen angels and human women.

All evidence obtained so far indicate that contact with Mesopotamia existed as early as the 5th millennium BC as an indigenous ceramic industry did not emerge until the 3rd century BC.