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The 68000 became the dominant CPU for Unix based workstations including Sun workstations and Apollo / Domain workstations, found its way into heralded computers such as the Apple Lisa and Macintosh, Amiga, Atari ST, and was used in the first generation of desktop laser printers including the original Apple Inc. LaserWriter and the HP LaserJet.
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68000 and became
* Comp Consultants ( later renamed MGlobal ), a Houston-based company originally created CCSM on 6800, then 6809 processors, and eventually a port to the 68000, which later became MacMUMPS, a Mac OS based product.
In the 1980s pSOS rapidly became the RTOS of choice for all embedded systems based on the Motorola 68000 family architecture, because it was written in 68000 assembler and was highly optimised from the start.
It used two Motorola 68000 CPUs for its 2D sprite-based driving engine, and it became an instant classic that spawned many sequels.
Apple refused to license the use of subsequent proprietary ROMs to Outbound and so the company's ability to manufacture laptops ended when the 68000 processors required by the ROMs to which they had access became difficult to obtain.
68000 and CPU
Early CPU accelerator cards feature full 32-bit CPUs of the 68000 family such as the Motorola 68020 and Motorola 68030, almost always with 32-bit memory and usually with FPUs and MMUs or the facility to add them.
The Atari ST was part of the 16 / 32 bit generation of home computers, based on the Motorola 68000 CPU noted for 128 kB of RAM or more, a graphical user interface, and 3½ " microfloppy disks as storage.
The first field is either the Motorola 68000 exception number that occurred ( if a CPU error occurs ) or an internal error identifier ( such as an ' Out of Memory ' code ), in case of a system software error.
While the rapid pace of computer advancement quickly rendered the 68000 obsolete as desktop / workstation CPU, the processor found substantial use in embedded applications.
** Although the original 68000 CPU was designed by Motorola, there are many clones of this CPU found in the Neo Geo hardware.
As the original 68000 processor in Amigas tended only to access memory on every second available memory cycle, Agnus operated a system where the time-critical custom chips access got the " odd " clock cycle and the CPU got the " even " cycle, thus the CPU did not generally get locked out of memory access and did not appear to slow down.
The main CPU is a 12. 5-MHz 16-bit Motorola 68000 processor.
* CPU: a 16-bit Motorola 68000, the same as the Mega Drive.
Occasionally, owners of Atari ST and Amiga computers and Sega Genesis game consoles replaced their system's 68000 CPU with a 68010 to gain a small speed boost.
A large DIP package ( such as the DIP64 used for the Motorola 68000 CPU ) has long leads inside the package between pins and the die, making such a package unsuitable for high speed devices.
To support this, the LaserWriter featured a Motorola 68000 CPU running at 12 MHz, 512 kB of workspace RAM, and a 1 MB frame buffer.
The 68000 processors were also used in the Sega Mega Drive / Sega Genesis and SNK Neo Geo consoles as the main CPU.
Motorola mainly used even numbers for major revisions to the CPU core such as 68000, 68020, 68040 and 68060.
There was a CPU with the 68070 designation, which was a licensed and somewhat slower version of the 16 / 32-bit 68000 with a basic DMA controller, I²C host and an on-chip serial port.
The A600 was Commodore International's final model based on the Motorola 68000 CPU and the ECS chipset.
The A600 shipped with a Motorola 68000 CPU, running at 7. 09 MHz ( PAL ) or 7. 16 MHz ( NTSC ) and 1 MB " chip " RAM.
The original design did not intend for CPU upgrade as the 68000 was soldered to the motherboard and there was no other connection for upgrade.
The processor is upgraded not by replacing the 68000, but rather by fitting a connector over the CPU, which allows the upgraded CPU to commandeer the system bus.
From the Amiga's introduction in late 1985, through to the early 1990s, Amiga games were developed in parallel with the Atari ST as both machines utilized the Motorola 68000 CPU.
This was due in part to the ST's minimalist hardware design, which consisted of the 68000 CPU which controlled a bitmapped framebuffer chip called Shifter.
As the 68000 processor used in early Amiga systems usually accesses memory on every second memory cycle, Agnus operates a system where the " odd " clock cycle is allocated to time-critical custom chip access and the " even " cycle is allocated to the CPU, thus the CPU is not typically blocked from memory access and may run without interruption.
68000 and for
Based on the Motorola 68000 family of microprocessors, the machine sports a custom chipset with graphics and sound capabilities that were unprecedented for the price, and a pre-emptive multitasking operating system called AmigaOS.
* Source code for AMOS and STOS ( 68000 ASM )
Motorola / Freescale Semiconductor's DragonBall, or MC68328, is a microcontroller design based on the famous 68000 core, but implemented as an all-in-one low-power solution for handheld computer use.
The more recent DragonBall MX series microcontrollers, later renamed the Freescale i. MX ( MC9328MX / MCIMX ) series, are intended for similar application to the earlier DragonBall devices but are based on an ARM9 or ARM11 processor core instead of a 68000 core.
Some of IBM's engineers and other employees wanted to use the IBM 801 processor, some would prefer the new Motorola 68000, while others argued for a small and simple microprocessor, such as the MOS Technology 6502 or Zilog Z80, which had been used in earlier personal computers.
MINIX 1. 5, released in 1991, included support for MicroChannel IBM PS / 2 systems and was also ported to the Motorola 68000 and SPARC architectures, supporting the Atari ST, Commodore Amiga, Apple Macintosh and Sun SPARCstation computer platforms.
In the end, the 68000 did retain a bus protocol compatibility mode for existing 6800 peripheral devices, and a version with an 8-bit data bus was produced.
By the mid-1980s, falling production cost made the 68000 viable for use in personal and home computers, starting with the Apple Lisa and Macintosh, and followed by the Commodore Amiga, Atari ST, and Sharp X68000.
By the early 1980s, quantities of 68000 CPUs could be purchased for less than $ 30 USD per part.
The 68000 did not meet the Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements for full processor virtualization because it has a single unprivileged instruction " MOVE from SR ", which allowed user-mode software read-only access to a small amount of privileged state.
** Most 68000 assemblers used the "$" symbol for hexadecimal, instead of " 0x " or a trailing H.
The 68EC000 is a low-cost version of the 68000, designed for embedded controller applications.
The even numbers ( 68000, 68020, 68040, 68060 ) were reserved for major revisions to the 680x0 core architecture.
An 8-bit data bus version of the 68000 ( i. e., the 68008 ) was intended for use in future 8-bit designs.
Software development company Microware developed the original OS-9 operating system ( not to be confused with the more recent Mac OS 9 ) for the 6809, later porting it to the 68000 and i386 series of microprocessors.
Both the central 68000 processor and other members of the chipset have to arbitrate for access to RAM via Agnus.
In addition to the Intel architectures, FPUs as coprocessors were available for the Motorola 68000 family line.
However, due to the 68010's small speed boost over the 68000 and its support for virtual memory it can be found in a number of smaller Unix systems, both with the 68451 MMU ( in the Torch Triple X ), and with a custom MMU ( such as the Sun-2 Workstation, AT & T UNIX PC, the NCR Tower XP and early HP9000s like the Model 300 and 310 ) and various research machines.
In 1983, OS-9 / 6809 was ported to Motorola 68000 assembly language and extended ( called OS-9 / 68K ); and a still later ( 1989 ) version was rewritten mostly in C for further portability.
OS-9 went on to versions for the 68000 family of processors and, rewritten mostly in C, to the Intel 80x86, PowerPC, ARM, MIPS, and some of the Hitachi SuperH ( SH ) series processors.
Microware produced a version of BASIC09 for OS-9 / 68k ( for the 68000 ), calling it Microware BASIC, but did not develop a version for OS-9000 ( the portable version of OS-9 ).
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